论北宋政治思想的理性特点

中国古代政治思想以儒家礼教为主要内容,具有感性大于理性、伦理说教大于科学分析的特点,这些特点在宋明理学主导时期尤为突出。但是在北宋时期,基于经济繁荣和政治软弱的矛盾、基于北宋中后期积贫积弱的社会现实,政治思想界萌发了许多理性的进步的思想,这些思想涉及政治、经济、军事等各个方面并指导了北宋时期的改革实践。由于历史和现实的原因,两次改革均以失败告终,但这一时期政治思想所展现的理性特点是值得我们学习和研究的。     

公共政策伦理的核心议题、现实困境与重塑路径

伦理问题是公共政策的内在诉求。公共利益与个人利益、政治权力与社会责任、政策公平与政策效率的关系问题构成了政策伦理的核心议题。公共政策面临着工具理性与价值理性、政府自利性与政策公共性、功利性与道义性等现实困境,需要在平衡工具理性与价值理性、培育公共政策主体的伦理素养、完善公民参与决策的伦理模式等方面重塑公共政策伦理,以发挥公共政策的应有功效。     

论伏尔泰的中国观

中国观内涵主要有以下几个方面:中国是世界上历史最悠久文明古国之一;中国文化是非基督教的伦理文化,它表现在以孔子为代表的儒家文化政治伦理和哲学思想之中;中国的宗教也是非神学的,是与之无关的道德实践伦理.     

明代徽州家谱中的嫡庶之争——《珰溪金氏家谱补戚篇》解读

《珰溪金氏家谱补戚篇》是唯一一部以庶母为主体的徽州家谱。它的出现是明代庶母社会地位提高的反映,是晚明徽州社会变迁的产物,也是庶生子不断努力的结果,其独特的历史文献价值应当引起重视。但这一独特家谱仍然严格遵循儒家伦理和明代律法,不代表传统礼教受到冲击。     

康熙《御制耕织图》的社会心理学解读

作为清代最重要且最具代表性的耕织图,康熙《御制耕织图》选择了以江南地区为蓝本来呈现汉族农村的水稻种植与蚕桑丝织过程。之所以如此,与清初的社会心理密不可分。这些要素的选择,既衔接了民众已有的社会心理结构,又契合了统治者的施政要求,具有厚重的心理学涵义,即确立清廷统治的政治合法性,维护社会稳定,革新社会秩序,表征统治者理想的农村模式。因此,康熙《御制耕织图》具有突出的社会治理属性,对理解历代耕织图的功能意义具有重要的参考价值。     

解读古希腊与先秦儒家伦理政治观

“伦理”“政治”“道德”“伦理政治”在中西方不同的历史和文化情境中,有着不同的词源和含义,有着不同的形成路径和思维理路。本文从概念的起源与含义、伦理政治形成的不同历史情境入手,解读古希腊与先秦儒家伦理政治观的形成及其内涵。     

秦代政治与儒家伦理探微——以秦刻石铭文为中心

本文以秦刻石铭文为中心,分析秦帝国政治与儒家伦理的复杂关系,揭示伦理因素对秦朝政治的重大影响。由刻辞中所见秦意识形态及其治国实践的变化,无疑反映了秦始皇和李斯君臣对政治模式的修正。在天下一统的历史形势下,秦事功型政治传统确实出现了向伦理型政治转轨的迹象。秦政与伦理之间复杂互动历程表明,秦文化创造其事功奇迹的同时,也造就了自身的专化特征,从而丧失了大一统时代政治价值目标重建和政治文化转型的自我更新功能。     

对生态文明论阈几个核心概念的经济哲学探考

更多不一定更好,这是人类在全球性生态危机面前对工业文明与资本主义发展方式的理性反思。生态文明是人类对自身未来发展的高瞻远瞩,生态理性、生态伦理与生态价值是生态文明范式的概念要件。本文以生态价值对经济价值的辩证否定为研究主线,逻辑与历史相自洽地考察了经济理性与生态理性在不同社会形态中的具体内涵,突显了生态价值与经济价值作为理论概念的整体性、时空性与社会性特征,得出了只有在社会主义社会形态中才能高扬生态理性、确立生态伦理、端正生态史观、发展生态经济、实现生态价值的结论。     

中华文明“连续性”形态形成的原因——从西周的宗法制度谈起

中华文明的形成发展,有其独特的自身条件,那就是宗族血缘社会形态的连续性。这一特殊社会形态连续而稳定的存在,产生了对家族伦理价值和政治伦理价值的恒久需求。在这个基础上,儒家建立的道德体系,成为中华文明传统价值观念的主体。宗族血缘社会和传统价值观念,也作为中华文明的一体之两面,共同促成了一种"连续性"形态的文明。而肇端于西周的宗法制度,不仅奠定了宗族血缘社会的基础,而且派生了传统社会的基本价值理念,对中华文明"连续性"形态的形成具有根源性的影响。     

朱子伦理思想与明清徽州商业伦理观的转换和建构

朱子以理欲之辨为核心,在公私、义利和诚信及四民职业伦理问题上承继传统儒家伦理的核心价值观,对之做了系统的新阐发。它要求每个人践行儒家伦理道德,正确处理各层面的公私关系,实现儒家的理想人格,以建立一个儒家的理想社会。在秉承朱子之学和家礼的明清徽州,为了适应新的商业社会发展需要,人们以朱子伦理观为基础,同时吸收明清思想家重视个人主体精神、个人治生及"新四民观"等职业伦理思想,建构起一种新的商业伦理观。明清徽州以天理为旨归和价值目标,崇尚"勤俭治家"和"崇俭黜奢"的原则。在处理与家族、乡里、社会和国家等不同层面的公私关系时,践行朱子的公私之辨,以奉公和利公为原则与理想追求。秉承朱子义利观,将以义取利、以义制利和化利为义落实到经营和生活的诸多方面。徽商在经营中崇奉朱子的诚信观,以契约理性来规范商业经营。在看待士商(儒贾)关系及其职业伦理价值时,对朱子的职业伦理观既有突破,更有持守。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.