山西吉县柿子滩旧石器时代遗址第五地点发掘简报

柿子滩遗址第五地点是距今2~1万年左右的旧石器时代晚期细石器遗址。该地点于2010年进行了发掘,四个文化层均埋藏于河流相阶地堆积中,出土有石制品、动物化石和人类化石,多以用火遗迹为中心集中分布。其中原生埋藏的人类化石为该遗址的首次发现,为研究晚更新世晚期人类的演化提供了珍贵材料。     

试论鄂尔多斯乌兰木伦遗址第1地点的性质和功能

鄂尔多斯乌兰木伦遗址是2010年新发现的一处旧石器时代旷野遗址,经过多年发掘出土大量石制品、动物化石、颜料块和火塘等遗迹现象。石制品组合和拼合、动物考古埋藏学以及用火遗迹表明乌兰木伦遗址属于原地埋藏,较好地保存了古人类原料采集、预剥片、剥片、加工和使用的完整动态链,表明该遗址具有石器制造场的性质。大量动物碎骨、骨骼上的切割痕迹以及火塘和烧骨的发现表明在乌兰木伦遗址还发生了屠宰动物的行为和生活行为。综合来看,乌兰木伦遗址是一个多功能的古人类活动营地。     

泥河湾盆地板井子遗址调查研究

板井子遗址是泥河湾盆地最重要的旧石器时代中期遗址之一,该遗址发现于1984年,先后进行5次发掘,发掘两个地点,发现石制品、动物化石近万件,是泥河湾盆地旧石器时代中期最重要的材料之一。2003年以来,河北省文物研究所又先后多次在遗址周围开展旧石器专题调查,新发现旧石器时代遗址12处,从而使该区域旧石器时代遗址的总数量达到14处。这些遗址中文化遗物的埋藏部位、地层相近,可确认该区域存在一处分布密集的旧石器时代中期遗址群,为研究泥河湾盆地内旧石器时代中期古人类活动提供了新材料。     

旧石器遗址中的遗迹——以泥河湾为例

泥河湾盆地是中国旧石器时代遗址分布非常集中的地区,从1923年至今,已经发现了众多早、中、晚期遗址,出土了丰富的文化遗物和许多重要的遗迹。本文对泥河湾盆地发现的旧石器时代遗迹进行梳理与分析,对不同的遗迹进行了分类研究,并提出在发掘中对遗迹现象应予以重视。     

哈尔滨阎家岗遗址动物骨骼圈状堆积的初步研究

目次一阎家岗遗址及动物骨骼圈状堆积的概况二国外旧石器时代居址材料与阎家岗遗址的比较三对动物骨骼圈状堆积的分析我国北方的旧石器时代遗址以洞穴遗址为主,许多遗址堆积巨厚,文化遗迹丰富,可以确定为古人类的居址。相对而言,旷野遗址的发现就少了许多,其中能被确定为人类居址的更是少之又少。进入旧石器时代晚期,由于人类适应自然的能力增强,过去很少发现旷野居址的俄罗斯、乌克兰等地,也大量涌现出各种类型的居址。但是与俄罗斯接邻的我国北方地区却几乎没有发现旷野居址。1982年开始发掘的哈尔滨阎家岗遗址,发现了两处由动物骨骼围成的圈状堆积,发掘者遂将该遗迹定为古人类营地遗址。这一重大发现受到了学术界的普遍关注,有赞成的,也有质疑的。赞同者主要从埋藏学的角度来支持他们的观点。不少学者在有关文     

籍箕滩旧石器时代晚期细石器遗址

<正> 籍箕滩细石器遗址是1986年河北省文物研究所在泥河湾盆地进行旧石器专题调查时发现的,当年做了小规模试掘,确认这是一处保存较好,文化遗物丰富的旧石器时代晚期细石器遗址。为了进一步了解遗址的文化内涵,探讨泥河湾盆地及其相邻地区旧石器时代晚期之末考古文化面貌以及向新石器时代过渡等问题,我们于1987—1989年在籍箕滩遗址分三期进行了发     

甘肃镇原县旧石器时代文化遗存综述

甘肃省镇县位于陇东黄土高原泾河流域,是甘肃最早发现人类活动遗迹的地方之一。镇原县旧石器时代遗存分为中期和晚期两个阶段,其中姜家湾遗址点和寺沟口遗址点是目前甘肃境内发现唯一的旧石器时代中期遗存。镇原县境内旧石器时代遗存需要更多的考古发掘及深入研究。     

四川攀枝花市回龙湾洞穴遗址1987年发掘石制品整理简报

回龙湾洞穴遗址是一处位于四川省攀枝花市金沙江流域的旧石器时代遗址。该遗址于1987年进行了初步试掘,获得了丰富的石制品、动物化石以及磨制骨器。回龙湾洞穴遗址上文化层年代为23.8—23.4ka cal BP,下文化层目前尚无年代数据,根据其石器技术特征推测应同样属于旧石器时代晚期。回龙湾洞穴遗址上下文化层的剥片技术均包括锤击、砸击和锐棱砸击技术,但上文化层的砸击和锐棱砸击技术的比例要略高;从工具修理特征上来看,上下文化层的工具均较为简单,以刮削器为主,相对而言,上文化层的工具尺寸要略大于下文化层,且类型更为丰富。回龙湾洞穴遗址是目前攀枝花境内唯一一处年代明确的旧石器时代晚期遗址,对于研究该地区晚更新世晚期人类文化具有重要的意义。     

谈谈旧石器遗址中的用火遗迹——兼论小空山下洞旧石器遗址中的灰烬层

从现有发表的资料来看,我国发现人类用火的遗址有20多处(1见统计表)。在这20多处用火遗址中,属于旧石器时代早期的7处:属于旧石器时代中期的4处;属于旧石器时代晚期的10处。在这些遗址内,出土有烧骨,碳屑、烧石、灰烬、朴树籽以及火烧过的石器等。在山西省城西侯度旧石器遗址和云南元谋人遗址中发现了烧骨和碳屑等,不少学者认为,它们是人类最早的用火证据。但是也     

驮娘江流域发现的旧石器

进入二十一世纪以来,在旧石器研究的领域,学术界都时刻关注着广西在这方面的工作进展。2005年至2006年,广西文物考古研究所组织相关单位对南宁至百色高速公路工程建设涉及的百色旧石器时代遗址群、洛湛铁路涉及的梧州市木铎冲旧石器时代遗址进行了抢救性考古发掘,成果显著,使其再次成为国内外关注的热点地区。此篇文章是广西的同仁们在2010年结合全国第三次文物普查,对驮娘江流域进行的一次史前文化专题调查的基础上撰写而成的。驮娘江是右江的主要支流之一,在驮娘江流经的田林县,过去曾发现多处石器时代的遗址,并对其中的两处遗址进行了考古发掘,出土了一批旧石器时代的文化遗物。此次专题调查共发现58处史前文化遗址或地点,其中旧石器遗址或地点34处(14处分布在田林县,20处分布在西林县),新石器遗址或地点24处。在这篇文章中,作者从发现的34处旧石器遗址中择其有代表性的18处进行了介绍,并对该流域的旧石器共同特征进行了归纳总结,同时对上、下游旧石器上存在的一些差别也进行了分析,并对产生这些差别的因素作了初步分析。最后通过对遗址断面、文化遗存的内涵以及石器的的制作方法的分析,推测此类遗址的年代为旧石器时代晚期。此次调查发现的旧石器通过...     

First discovery of ancient soft‐stone (chlorite) vessel production in Arabia: Aqir al‐Shamoos (Oman)

Soft‐stone vessels are a prominent feature of ancient culture throughout south‐east Arabia and the Gulf. Chlorite and steatite occur naturally in the al‐Hajar Mountains of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman; but until now, apart from the discovery of a few unfinished pieces, ancient production of soft‐stone vessels had yet to be documented in Arabia. This paper reports the discovery and preliminary analysis of soft‐stone vessel production at the site of Aqir al‐Shamoos. At this small and secluded mountain village, a range of soft‐stone vessels that are well known in the south‐east Arabian Iron Age were produced on a scale far beyond what was needed for local consumption.     

湖北郧县刘湾旧石器时代遗址发掘简报

刘湾旧石器时代遗址位于湖北省十堰市郧县杨溪铺镇刘湾村4组,埋藏于汉水左岸第Ⅲ级阶地上。其文化面貌有以下一些特点:石制品的岩性大类中以火成岩为多,种类以沉积岩为多;岩性多样,以脉石英为主;素材以河床中磨圆度较高的河卵石为主,石器的素材以砾石(石核)为主,以石片为素材的石器处于可忽略的地位;石制品的剥片和加工方式均为硬锤锤击法,没有发现砸击法等其它方法的产品;剥片时对石核的台面不进行预先修理;石器类型以砍砸器为主,其次为手斧、手镐,刮削器最少;石器的加工方式以单向加工的为多,但双向加工的石器也有相当的比例。刘湾旧石器时代遗址的发掘证明在汉水流域不仅有距今100万年的旧石器时代早期的"郧县人"文化,也有距今10～5万年的文化,汉水流域的远古文化是土生土长的文化。     

Stone Tool Production of the Longshan Culture at the Liangchengzhen Site in Rizhao of Shandong

The manufacture of stone tools was one of the most important craft production activities in prehistoric human society. Previously, lack of sound evidence had made it too early to confirm whether or not stone tool production during the Longshan cultural period had already transformed from a primitive self-sufficient household mode of production to a specialized mode of production. Excavation of the site of the Longshan cultural site at Liangchengzhen in Rizhao, Shandong from 1998–2001 through meticulous field methods such as sieving and floatation yielded a large number of lithic reduction tools, ranging from grinding stones, stone hammers, and polishing stones to raw materials, semi-finished products, and lithic debitage of various sizes, resulting from the lithic reduction process. This excavation suggests that the Liangchenzhen site was a settlement site where the complete process of lithic reduction was practiced. Through comparison with contemporary large-scale excavated sites of the Longshan culture, it is suggested that the Area 1 at the Liangchengzhen site was a lithic reduction locality with a relatively high degree of specialization which was used for hundreds of years. It is possible that stone tool production had already advanced to a stage of relatively high specialization during the Longshan cultural period in the Haidai region.     

Microdebitage analysis: Initial considerations

Microdebitage is defined as all stone flaking residue less than 1 mm in maximum dimension. Experimental replication indicates that it is produced in great quantities by stone tool manufacture and can permeate site matrices as a permanent signature of past cultural activity. Initial sampling studies suggest that microdebitage analysis may have considerable utility as a means of lithic site surveying.     

河北昌黎渟泗涧细石器地点

<正> 淳泗涧细石器地点发现于1990年,91年10月,河北省文物研究所会同秦皇岛市文物管理处,昌黎县文物保管所对该地点进行了为期一个月的试掘。试掘面积25平方米,共发现400多件石制品,没有发现动物化石。 一、地理位置与地层 该地点位于昌黎县城东北2公里处,距其东南的淳泗涧村约0.5公里,地理坐标;E119°10′N39°44′,海拔65米。该地点背靠燕山余脉亮甲山,南为平原,京山铁路在地点南部穿过。其东南约14公里处即为渤海(图一)。 淳泗涧南为饮马河,东北为东沙河,两河向东注入渤海。地点附近的山前地带为饮马河的支流,支流两岸有两级阶地发育。二级阶地紧靠山脚,由于洪水冲刷以及山脚下基岩中泉水     

湖北京山屈家岭遗址群2007年调查报告

本次调查在屈家岭遗址周边新发现8个新石器时代遗址和石器采集点,是一处新石器时代的大型遗址群,其分布范围远远超过以往的认识,其中屈家岭遗址是在遗址群中具有核心地位。调查还发现包括屈家岭遗址、钟家岭遗址、冢子坝遗址的大环壕系统,另外还可能存在仅限于屈家岭遗址南部的小环壕系统,这是继三次发掘后对屈家岭遗址群聚落结构与聚落形态演变的突破性认识。     

Clues to Stone Tool Function Re-examined: Comparing Starch Grain Frequencies on Used and Unused Obsidian Artefacts

The identification of plant residues observed on prehistoric stone artefacts has often been used to inform on tool function without adequate consideration of potential contamination due to post-depositional processes. The paper redresses this balance by proposing a methodology which combines use-wear and residue analyses with systematic testing of depositional context to distinguish residues formed during tool use from accidental contamination. A case study involving obsidian artefacts from an open site in Papua New Guinea is used to illustrate the new approach. Starch grains, a class of residue which has had little attention outside Australia, were chosen as the focus of study because of their abundance at this site. The frequency of starch grains extracted from residues on stone artefacts was compared with those in sediments adhering to and adjacent to the artefact. A use-wear study conducted as a blind test provided an independent measure of whether the artefacts had been used. The frequency of starch grains was shown to be significantly correlated with used artefacts and not correlated with unused artefacts or the sediments. The case study demonstrates the importance of testing for contamination and also illustrates the benefit of studying starch grains as a class of plant residue.     

香港新石器时代斧、锛生产系统的重建:以西贡沙下遗址为例

本文以近年发现的香港西贡沙下遗址出土物为例,借助于新几内亚民族志中有关石斧锛制造的记录,运用"操作链"的分析路径对沙下遗址新石器时代石斧锛作坊的生产系统进行了初步重建。将石斧锛的制造过程分为原料采备与毛坯预制、粗坯整形、研磨成器三个阶段,对各生产阶段产品的变化以及香港新石器时代石器专业作坊的兴衰做了讨论,认为在香港新石器时代晚期,石斧锛生产已趋于专业化。     

Use of stone hammer tools and anvils by bearded capuchin monkeys over time and space: construction of an archeological record of tool use

Wild bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus) in the cerrado (seasonally dry savannah-like region) of Brazil routinely crack open several species of palm nuts and other hard encased fruits and seeds on level surfaces (anvils) using stones as hammers. At our field site, their nut cracking activity leaves enduring diagnostic physical remains: distinctive shallow depressions (pits) on the surface of the anvil, and cracked shells and stone hammer(s) on or next to the anvil. A monthly survey of the physical remains of percussive tool use at 58 anvils in our study site over a 36-month period revealed repeated use, seasonal consistency, temporal variation, landscape-scale patterning, appearance of new hammers and transport of existing hammers to new anvil sites. Artefactual evidence of the temporal and spatial pattern of tool use collected in the survey is in correspondence with concurrent direct observation of monkeys using and transporting tools at this site. Shell fragments endure for years above ground, suggesting that they may also endure in the strata around anvil sites. The bearded capuchins provide an opportunity to study the construction of percussive tool sites suitable for archeological investigation concurrently with the behavior responsible for the construction of these sites. We suggest several lines of inquiry into tool sites created by capuchin monkeys that may be useful to interpret the archeological evidence of percussive tool use in early humans. Archeologists should be aware that transported stone materials and artificial durable landscape features may be the result of activity by non-human animals.