“西厢记”稀见版本赏析

<正>《西厢记》又称《第六才子书》,明清间文学家金圣叹以此书与《庄子》、《离骚》、《史记》、《杜工部集》和《水浒传》并称为"六才子书",其作为元曲在中国戏剧史和文学史中具有很高的成就和地位。周锡山在《西厢记注释汇评》一书提到,《西厢记》在明清两代有214种版本,可谓繁多。北京市文物局资料中心所藏古籍善本中,《西厢记》作为特藏品,共计32种不同版本,时代跨度自明末至民国,涵盖刻本、抄本、石印本、铅印本、复印本等多种类型,其中稀见明末版本11     

论凌濛初刻本《西厢记》

凌濛初刻本《西厢记》受到今日学人的高度重视,《西厢记》印本一般都以凌刻本《西厢记》作为底本。凌刻本受到人们的关注绝非偶然,因为凌刻本《西厢记》系唯一未受传奇体制影响,体例保存完好、改动较小,与元杂剧最相契合的《西厢记》刊本,此外,凌刻本的校注与批评也有自己的成就与特色,所以,凌刻本《西厢记》在《西厢记》诸多版本中无疑应占据突出而重要的位置。     

明刊《西厢记》佚本管窥

明刊《西厢记》佚本管窥张人和元杂剧《西厢记》是中国古代剧作的巨擘,也是中国古典名剧中版本最多的一个。其中尤以明代刊本种类最繁,数量最多,影响最大。迄今所知,《西厢记》明刊本约有六十多种,现存四十余种,约有四分之一已经失传;其中有许多刊本在历史上产生过...     

西厢专家与普救寺

80年代后期,笔者有幸参与了《西厢记》故事发生地——山西省永济市普救寺重建的领导工作。为了在一座历史废墟上勾画出这一文化遗产园林的奇观,使其经得起历史的考验,完成时代的重托,我们涉猎了《西厢记》的各种点评校注版本、评论、画册以及有关史书典籍,对《西厢记》的历史渊源、流变发展、思想艺术价值有了一个较为详细的了解。于此同时,还请教了国内著名的西厢研究专家王季思、吴晓铃、王朝闻、霍松林、蒋星煜等诸位先生。     

论金圣叹批评本《西厢记》的艺术体制

金圣叹批评本《西厢记》作为一个独立的《西厢记》评点本,在清代出现了诸多的版本,引起了戏曲界和出版界的广泛兴趣,这是一个值得探讨的现象。本文试从金圣叹批评本《西厢记》的结构体制出发,分别从其评点的主要形式——总批、节批和夹批,讨论其表现出的艺术特征,并简要分析"金批西厢"评点的思想内容和方法技巧,对其在思想和艺术上的得失做出了一定的评价。     

继志斋刊《重校北西厢记》考述

万历二十六年(1598),秣陵继志斋主人陈邦泰刊行了《重校北西厢记》,同时还刊行了《重校琵琶记》,成为明代戏曲刻书史上的“西伯合刊”本之一.陈邦泰,字大来,秣陵(今南京)人,生平事迹不详.他所经营的继志斋书坊,刻书极多,尤以刊行戏曲等通俗书刊出名①.这本《重校北西厢记》在《西厢记》的版本史上,意义重大,价值甚高,但由于此书仅日本内阁文库有收藏,国内学者难以见识其真面目.业师黄仕忠教授数年前从日本访得此珍贵善本,并将该书照片资料转赠与我,因此,笔者才有幸得以详阅此人间孤本.     

《董解元西厢记》版本的流变

《董解元西厢记》现存的九种明清版本,皆为明代嘉靖年间张羽整理本的衍生。直接来自张羽整理本的刻本,目前有"风逸人本"和"适适子本"两种,前者应为嘉靖年间刊刻,极有可能是张羽的原刻本;后者应为万历年间刊刻,根据八卷的分卷形式,其刊刻时间当早于同属万历年间的黄嘉惠刻本、《新刊合并》刻本。《董解元西厢记》的版本经历了一个卷数演变过程,由最初的八卷本分化为二卷本,后来形成二卷本和四卷本两个版本系统。这种演变既包含编撰者统一丛书体例的需要,亦包含商业出版趋新逐利的内在要求。     

《西厢记》在《金瓶梅》书中之反映

二十世纪的八十年代,我曾写过《（西厢记）对（金瓶梅）的影响》一,列举了“磬槌打破老僧头”、“莺娘”、“下截”等词汇为例证,说明《金瓶梅》的作对《西厢记》十分熟悉,所以在创作过程中,不知不觉使用了《西厢记》的某些语汇,甚至在细节描写上也有参照《西厢记》之处。应该说,这些方面的借鉴还是成功的。     

瓷绘《西厢记》中的舞台艺术特征

讨论《西厢记》瓷绘艺术的文章可谓多矣,本文试从舞台演出的角度,释读历代瓷器上所绘《西厢记》画面与同时期舞台演出的关系,探讨活跃于舞台之上的戏曲艺术与瓷绘《西厢记》装饰创作之间的相互影响。     

明刊《西厢记》佚本管窥(续)

明刊《西厢记》佚本管窥（续）张人和朱石津本朱石津本与碧筠斋本一样,被王骥德作为校注《西厢记》的底本,并将二者合称为“古本”,他的校注本称作《新校注古本西厢记》即由此而来。王骥德在《新校注古本西厢记自序》中说：“朱石津不知何许人,视碧筠斋大较相同。关中...     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.