Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.     

On information and significance,possession and property,force and power

C. F. Hockett. Man's Place in Nature. New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Company, 1973. 739pp. Illustrations, maps, tables, notes on sources, and index. $12.95.     

Kennedy and Cuba: Then and Now

Book reviewed:
Sheldon Stern. Averting 'the Final Failure': John F. Kennedy and the Secret Cuban Missile Crisis Meetings . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003. 496 pp. Illus. $35.00 (cloth).
Alice L. George. Awaiting Armageddon: How Americans Faced the Cuban Missile Crisis . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. Illus., notes, bibliography, index. $29.95 (cloth).     

经济理性与道德理性及其辩证统一

经济理性是经济主体在经济活动中以个人利益为核心运用的理性,其突出特征是个人性、自利性。道德理性是人从道德角度选择行为所凭依的理性,它是以人为目的,即以人的整体或人类的每一平等的个体为目的的实践。精神活动,其突出特征是社会性、公利性。但在现实的经济活动中追求效率通常是以一个满意位取代了最优。那么,经济理性与道德理性能否共生息呢?实际上,经济理性和道德理性是统一的：(1)道德理性贯穿于经济理性;(2)道德理性与经济理性是相容的;(3)道德理性为经济理性设定边界。     

一部彰显学术个性的历史学著作——读李振宏的《历史与思想》

一、鲜明的学术个性李振宏先生的《历史与思想》(中华书局2006年11月第1版)是一部颇具特色的历史学著作,这个特色就是鲜明的学术个性。“学术个性”这个词是著名史学家朱绍侯先生在为《历史与思想》所作的序言中提出来的(此前似乎未见有人专门论述),极具启发性。它不仅有助于我们了解该书及其作者的学术风格,而且为今后历史学改进研究方法乃至繁荣、发展学术提供了一种新思路。的确,学者和学术研究需要有学术个性,只有创造性的研究才能发挥出学者的学术个性。在《序言》中,朱绍侯先生指出,李振宏“是一个有学术个性的人”。随后便以点睛之笔评价他的“学术个性”,笔者将其归结为以下几点:第一、全面性和整体性。表现在宏观与微观结合,理论与实证研究兼顾。朱先生说李振宏的学术个性一方面“表现在比较大气,他的研究多是比较宏观性的问题,而且喜欢写大文章”。笔者以为,各个学者的学问(或学术研究)既有高下之分,也有大小之别,这两者往往是相互影响和相互关联的。学问的大小取决于学者自身的知识结构和观察视野。作小学问者通常仅研究局部的和具体的问题,或只研究某一段,甚至终身仅研究某一个历史人物、一个事件。有的人尽管研究面稍宽一些,但是只顾微观而缺乏宏观的眼光,...     

牛鬼蛇神、牛棚及其他

1.1 中国民俗所谓牛鬼蛇神,本为传说中的神怪。牛鬼又称牛头,在佛教中是看守地狱的鬼卒,牛头人手,两脚牛蹄,名曰阿傍。该鬼卒常与另一马面鬼合称“牛头马面”。蛇神是佛教护法神“天龙八部”之一的大蟒神,名曰摩睺罗迦,其形象为人身蛇首。中国古代神话传说中也有自己的蛇神。《山海经》中就有好多位“人首(面)蛇身”的神,汉高诱注《淮南子》谓天神共工“蛇身人面”,《列子·黄帝》谓庖牺(伏羲)、