Celebrity-inspired,Fan-driven: Doing Philanthropy through Social Media in Mainland China

This paper provides the first detailed study of the links between celebrity-fan communication networks and philanthropy in the People’s Republic of China. It explains how the evolution of the Chinese Internet, and especially the rise of social media, has created new spaces in which fans of entertainment celebrities may be induced to engage with philanthropic causes. It then outlines the history of Chinese fan-driven philanthropic initiatives centred on people who became famous through reality-television popular music competitions. Finally, it offers a case study of the initiatives connected to popstar Li Yuchun, and examines the rationales provided by fans in online forums and interviews for their philanthropic engagement. Critics of celebrity-inspired philanthropy highlight its supposedly inauthentic and passive nature. Yet we find that fans actively exploit the forms of sociality that are provided by celebrity-fan communication networks, both to establish virtual participatory communities and to generate social action in the form of non-government-organised volunteering.     

The Influence of Elite Philanthropy on NGO Development in China

Scholars have explained the rise of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in China since the period of reform and opening in terms of a changing political and economic environment, NGO policy, international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), and the influence of communications media and the Internet. This article proposes a new explanatory factor: the philanthropy of China’s new wealthy. Four cases are used to analyse the influences of the philanthropy of the wealthy on NGO development. The article proposes not only that the philanthropy of the wealthy provides funding and intellectual support for NGOs but also that the wealthy use their influence and social networks to increase the autonomy, capacity, sustainability and impact of NGOs in China.     

近代慈善事业与中国东南社会变迁(1895-1949)

1895-1949年,近代慈善事业的兴起与发展促使了中国东南社会的沧桑变迁及其慈善事业的近代化,其历程大致可以分为两个时期：清末十余年是初步兴起时期,近代色彩的慈善理念得以萌生,慈善公益活动有了初步扩展,传统的善堂善会纷纷向近代慈善团体转变。民国是兴盛发展时期,东南地区出现了众多的慈善团体和慈善家群体,对于民国社会的维系有着举足轻重的作用。近代慈善事业实际上扮演着调节社会的重要角色,成为推动近代社会前进的一种不可缺少的动力。     

世纪之交中国大陆学术界关于华侨华人的研究

世纪之交中国大陆学术界关于华侨华人的研究进入一个新的阶段。研究队伍的发展和许多有代表性的著作的出版 ,说明中国华侨华人研究不但在学术成果的数量和质量上已有显著的提高 ,而且研究领域扩大 ,视角拓宽 ,华侨华人研究作为一门新兴学科正在崛起。但中国大陆学者须看到与国际学术界的差距 ,加强对华侨华人的研究 ,在新的世纪把中国大陆的海外华人研究推向国际学术领域的前沿。     

清代湖南的慈善事业

清代湖南的慈善机构不仅数量可观,而且种类也渐趋完备,涉及到慈幼、养老、救济节妇、施医、施棺、义塾、义冢等。其兴办方式大致分为官办、官绅共办、民办三种。不同行业的慈善机构在经营运作的过程中,呈现出许多共性,如官督绅办的管理模式和以官款资助、私人捐赠、以土养产、以息养业等为主的筹资渠道等。湖南慈善事业的契约化、制度化特征,不仅仅是慈善事业管理方式的进步,而且也意味着城市市民社会新的发展。它缓解了社会的波动,促使政府与社会的关系向良性互动方向发展。     

Christmas in the Workhouse: Staging Philanthropy in the Nineteenth-Century Periodical

This article provides an overview of the representation of workhouse philanthropy in the nineteenth-century periodical. In the 1830s and 40s, the popular representation of the workhouse was of a cruel institution in which paupers were systematically beaten and starved. However, the ideological significance of the workhouse shifts in the depictions of privately funded philanthropy that proliferated in magazines and newspapers during the Christmas publishing season. In representations of the workhouse at Christmas, paupers are shown receiving gifts and enjoying entertainments against a festively decorated backdrop. Middle-class benevolence is at the heart of these Christmas performances: these treats are not funded by the poor rates, but by individuals, who are frequently depicted in attendance at the workhouse Christmas. The institution, now redolent with ideas of care, charity and goodwill, functions in these texts as a stage for the projection of a bourgeois philanthropic self; the reader, the audience of this ideological performance, is encouraged to self-identify with the middle-class values that overlay these workhouse scenes. Entwined with these depictions of private philanthropy are underlying ideas of discipline and control. Just as the middle-class guests enact an idealized identity, so too do the paupers enact the role of the indebted and grateful poor. This article examines how the nineteenth-century periodical constructs the workhouse as a performance space for the middle classes; it explores the various agendas of these constructions and analyses the ideological messages they convey.     

19世纪中期英国中产阶级慈善活动论析

19世纪中期,英国进入从传统农业社会向现代工业社会急剧转型的时期,并形成了以私人慈善、自助互助和政府救济为主要形式的多元救助体系。但由于政府奉行自由资本主义,私人慈善便承担起了大部分的社会责任,中产阶级成为私人慈善活动的主力。私人慈善尽管不是社会发展的核心要素,但它却是英国社会转型的润滑剂,发挥着政府救济不可替代的作用。     

回顾与展望: 中国大陆地区的民国史研究

近30年来,中华民国史(1912-1949)的学术研究在大陆地区从无到有,有了巨大的发展,已经成为一个成果丰硕、相对完整的学科。大陆民国史研究的主导史观大致经过了从革命史观到民族主义史观、现代化史观的历程。进入21世纪后,民国史研究更呈现多元化的趋势,表现为新研究领域的开拓与新史料的运用。民国史研究若要进一步发展,需要对研究对象与范围进行重新界定,构建新的解释体系与加强国际学术界的合作与交流。     

海外华商投资中国大陆：阶段性特征与发展趋势

依据侨资企业数据库及其计量分析，对侨资企业的侨缘禀赋、资源禀赋和市场禀赋三个发展阶段进行了回顾总结；分析了在目前中国投资环境变化下侨资企业的转型、投资趋向、桥梁作用以及从制造业到服务业的发展趋势。认为目前国内投资环境出现深刻的变化，外资优惠政策取消，劳动力与环境治理等经营成本提高，经济开放加深，内需增强。侨资企业面临地理转移与产业转型，侨资从制造业主导到服务业兴起，从出口导向转到依托国内市场发展，其竞争力从利用中国生产要素比较优势转向全球产业链中形成集群优势，海外华商在中国面临剧变中的新机遇。     

Development of Local Financial Systems in Mainland China

Two Beijing-based economic geographers present a comprehensive study of local financial systems in China. The paper analyzes the most recently available (2006) regional data on exogenous (state-owned, foreign-owned, and joint shareholder-owned) and endogenous (city commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives) banks, highlighting the differences between the country's coastal and the lagging rural provinces located in China's central and western macroregions. A key component of the analysis is the geographic distribution of bank branches and assets. Special attention is devoted to Shanghai, the country's traditional financial center, which has attracted the bulk of foreign-owned banks and financial service providers seeking entry into the vast Chinese market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: G21, G28, O18, P34. 9 figures, 3 tables, 54 references.     

The Mainland Chinese market for nature tourism in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT

Nature tourism has been emerged as an ecologically sensitive form of tourism in developed and developing countries. A large influx of tourists would have both benefits and adverse impacts on these destinations. With an increasing influence of Chinese market in many destinations and tourism activities worldwide, it is important to understand the perceptions and preferences of Chinese tourists toward natural attributes so that proper approaches to destination planning and marketing can be derived to better attract these segments of tourists and sustainably manage tourism resources. The results of an empirical study of a sample of Mainland citizens (n = 430) to Hong Kong's nature areas show that (1) they exert a high degree of interest in participating in nature tourism; (2) female and older people are more interested in visiting natural environment; (3) these potential nature tourists from China prefer going to places in association with sea views, and engaging in photo-taking, non-commercial activities and less artificial elements; and (4) the nature tourism attributes form two factors related to aspects of educational needs and relaxation (an experiential factor), and nature-oriented but also convenient (a functional factor). These considerations can lead to the development of ecotourism products that are better suited to meeting the interests of mainland Chinese tourists, while also enriching the host experience.     

东南亚华人在中国大陆投资的文化逻辑——以郑氏家族企业集团为个案

作为个案研究,本文试图通过描述郑氏家族企业在东南亚成长和扩展的经历,以及在中国大陆的投资和运作的轨迹,探索他们如何做出在中国投资的决定,以及他们跨国战略背后的文化逻辑,并探讨他们的网络,尤其是社会和政治的关系网络,是如何形成和运作的以及他们的经营和管理及其成果是如何由这些网络关系决定的.     

海外华人网络与FDI流入中国大陆的实证分析

用统计分析的方法,以13个国家在2002-2006年的数据为样本,建立了以经济规模、人均GDP、地理距离和海外华人网络为主要变量的分析模型,对海外华人网络与FDI流入中国大陆之间的相关系数进行定量分析。结果表明:海外华人网络与国际对华直接投资流量之间成正相关关系,其在中国大陆吸引、利用FDI的过程当中发挥了积极的作用。但随着中国正式制度的不断健全和完善,海外华人网络对FDI流入中国大陆的作用强度将有所弱化。     

中国大陆华侨华人研究的文献计量分析报告

为了如实、客观地反映改革开放以来大陆华侨华人研究的宏观水平和微观绩效,本文依托“华侨华人文献信息专题数据库”,利用文献计量学的理论和方法,重点对1980-2003年在大陆发表的华侨华人研究论文,从年代、主题、期刊、地区、作者等方面进行了分析和评价。结果表明1990年代中期论文数量最多,之后处于平稳期;研究主题上,“经济”、“文化”一直是研究热点,华侨史研究数量减少,侨务研究数量增加;研究地区以东南亚和北美为主;载文期刊分布广泛,核心期刊载文率较低;活跃作者群已经形成。由此得出结论,华侨华人研究经历起步、发展、高峰,现处于成熟平稳阶段,其研究的领域在不断扩大,多学科交叉的研究趋势凸显。但论文的质量还有待提高,“偏食现象”应引起重视。     

Decentring international and institutional famine relief in late nineteenth-century China: in search of the local

This article uses rural gazetteer biographies to examine village and household-level famine relief during the great North China Famine of 1876–9 to deepen our understanding of past relief methods and dynamics at the most local level. Despite the appearance of major works recently on famine in modern China, particularly on the Great Leap Forward, knowledge of Chinese famine relief remains thin and scattered considering the enormity of the subject. Nineteenth-century China saw intensifying international relief activity as well as the emergence of a vibrant charity-relief sector based in China's major cities, leading to the rise of prominent relief institutions in the twentieth century, such as the Chinese Red Cross. But the increasingly intense disasters of China's modern period also saw a surprising persistence of local humanitarian traditions still barely covered by historians.     

肯尼迪政府的"限蒋出笼"政策(1961～1963)

20世纪60年代肯尼迪上台后,一改此前美国的"放蒋出笼"政策,反对蒋介石的"反攻大陆"要求.肯尼迪政府阻拦蒋介石"反攻大陆"是因应当时美国对华政策的需要,国际局势的发展已使美国政府认识到,新中国政权是稳固的,无法以外力推翻.在策划"限蒋出笼"政策的过程中,肯尼迪政府就如何应付蒋介石的对策问题曾进行过激烈的辩论,从最初的模糊政策到最后向蒋介石摊牌,政策的出台经历了一个复杂的决策过程.     

Charting the development of social and cultural geography in Mainland China: voices from the inside*

This article provides an overview of the recent development of social and cultural geography in China. It discusses six major bodies of work: cultural areas, cultural diffusion and cultural integration; geographies of ethnic cultures; cultural landscape and cultural economy; place and place-based cultural politics; marginal social groups; and geographies of social injustice. Although social and cultural geography is still located on the periphery of the disciplinary landscape of Chinese human geography, it is nonetheless developing into a noteworthy field of research. We start this review by calling attention to some problems in epistemologies and analytical approaches. Social and cultural geography in China often suffers from an analytical separation between environment and culture as ontologically enclosed entities. Also, it pays insufficient attention to the mutually constitutive relations between the social and the spatial. However, more recent studies have begun to engage with constructionist/poststructuralist approaches, and develop less positivist interpretations of space, social relations and cultural meanings. This review suggests that social and cultural geography in China needs to develop broader research scopes and strengthen theoretical frameworks. It concludes by calling for constructive dialogues between Chinese and Western human geographical scholarships.     

《中俄蒙协约》签订后中国政府与自治外蒙古的关系

文章认为《中俄蒙协约》签订以后,中国政府与外蒙古自治官府有了直接来往,双方在巴布扎布匪帮问题和册封问题上有矛盾和斗争;中国政府在册封、处理德奥俘虏、处理恰克图边防问题上行使了一些主权;双方在收回唐努乌梁海一事上有所合作;中国内地与自治外蒙古的经济联系、人员往来有所增加。     

Globalizing China: The Rise of Mainland Firms in the Global Economy

Two economic geographers survey the changing trends of China's outward foreign direct investment. Based on materials derived from original field work as well as published studies, they shed light on the major mechanisms through which mainland China's leading firms have successfully ventured abroad, as evidenced by proposed or realized acquisitions of significant corporate entities in the United States, Africa, Europe, and elsewhere in Asia. The authors argue for a political-economy approach to understanding "globalizing China," a complex phenomenon whereby the Chinese state is strategically and intricately enmeshed with the corporate interests of its leading business firms. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F23, L21, L22, M16. 3 figures, 3 tables, 128 references.     

Government institutions and the dynamics of urban growth in China

Economic growth in China in recent decades has largely rested on the dynamism of its cities. High economic growth has coincided with measures aimed at improving the efficiency of local governments and with a mounting political drive to curb corruption. Yet the connection between government institutions and urban growth in China remains poorly understood. This paper is the first to look into the link between government efficiency and corruption, on the one hand, and urban growth in China, on the other hand and to assess what is the role of institutions relative to more traditional factors for economic growth in Chinese cities. Using panel data for 283 cities over the period between 2003 and 2014, the results show that the urban growth in China is a consequence of a combination of favorable human capital, innovation, density, local conditions, foreign direct investment, and city‐level government institutions. Both government quality—especially for those cities with the best governments—and the fight against corruption at the city level have a direct effect on urban growth. Measures to tackle corruption at the provincial level matter in a more indirect way, by raising or lowering the returns of other growth‐inducing factors.