Raumordnung, Stadtentwicklung und Städtebau in den Niederlanden

In den Niederlanden spielen Raumordnung, Stadtentwicklung und St?dtebau eine bedeutende Rolle. Baukultur, Planungsmethoden und Beteiligungsverfahren werden über die Grenzen des Landes hinaus diskutiert, niederl?ndische Architektur ist ein Exportschlager. Der vorliegende Beitrag erl?utert das Planungsverst?ndnis und gibt eine Einführung in die Rahmenbedingungen der Stadtentwicklung; er beschreibt die Randstad Holland und stellt bedeutende st?dtebauliche Projekte vor. Der Beitrag dient damit auch der Vorbereitung einer Exkursion, die der Arbeitskreis Stadtentwicklung im Frühjahr 2003 unternimmt, um sich vor Ort mit Fragen der Stadtentwicklung in den Niederlanden auseinanderzusetzen. Correspondence to:Robert Fischer     

Lienhard,Siegfried, Diamantmeister und Hausväter,Buddhistisches Gemeindeleben in Nepal

Indo-Iranian Journal -     

“Mehr Licht,mehr Luft” — wissenschaftliche Hygiene und Stadtentwicklung in Deutschland im 19. Jahrhundert

Since 1870 a group of planners tried to ground urban planning scientifically in economy, engineering and hygiene. It is argued that hygiene as a newly developed natural science provided planners with a lot of good arguments to legitimize a change in the traditional urban planning regulations. These had not been able to prevent the chaotic growth of big cities that resulted in a housing misery, in large block of flats, and in noisy and smelling factories neighboring better class housing. Hygienic reasoning concerned with sunlight (because of its germ killing capacity), air, and ventilation (to drive away miasma) was transformed into urban planning and, than, stood for lesser hight of buildings, more space between large blocks of flats, and different parts of town for industry and housing. Planning regulations with these ends were often opposed by owners who did not accept the devaluation of their property. Therefore it was not before 1918 that these hygienically motivated planning regulations could be set into practice by a new ruling class.     

Kroll,Stefan, Normgenese durch Re-Interpretation--China und das europ~iische VOlkerrecht im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert （Genesis of Norms via Re-interpretation--China and European International Law in the 19th and 20th Centuries）

In Stefan Kroll＇s book Genesis of Norms via Re-Interpretation, the authoranalyzes the reception and adaptation of the European discipline of international law during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in China. Combining philological methods taken from sinology with methods in the fields of legal history and sociology, he is able to create an analytical framework that describes the genesis of international norms as a process of isomorphic strategy, a term that is discussed in what follows.