阿拉斯加邮轮行记

<正>在加拿大和俄罗斯中间,有着美国的第49个州——阿拉斯加,和西伯利亚一样,是冰天雪地的代名词。这里不仅有丰富的石油和金矿资源,还有着良好的生态环境和优质的旅游资源。其中,阿拉斯加的邮轮旅游线路是一个不错的选择。     

Alaska

The paper reports on results of an experiment concerned with assessing the cartographic accuracy of an optically processed spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image taken over a very hilly area in the Scottish Highlands. A number of mathematical algorithms were used to transform the image to the terrain co‐ordinate system. The results show that it is indeed possible to extract metric information from this type of imagery to suit the purposes of small‐scale reconnaissance‐type planimetric mapping at 1:250,000 and smaller. This is important for many developing countries where topographic coverage is either poor or completely absent.     

冬游阿拉斯加

正常人眼中,阿拉斯加的冬季万物萧条、白雪茫茫,棕熊尚在冬眠、游轮早已歇业,除了赏极光泡温泉和坐雪橇,便再也无事可做。然而,当你真正踏上这片广袤的土地,你才会发现它的千姿百态。阿拉斯加的"两极":阿留申和北冰洋窗外,绵延着白令海与太平洋间的串串珍珠——阿留申群岛。飞机开始降落,一条盘山公路蜿蜒在悬崖边,那便     

阿拉斯加极地之旅 极光惊现的时刻

<正>据说,任何看到极光的人都会得到幸福。此次的阿拉斯加之行,于我而言,便是为了追寻极光而来。那一夜的那一刻,凌晨1点30分,历经两夜寒冷、冰冻,漫长的等待,我终于寻到了幸福的颜色……因地处北极,自11月伊始至次年4月,白天的时光,会伴随着时间指针的转动而逐渐缩短,乃至消失不见。而黑夜,则会越发的深远与绵长。古人传言,天上一日,地上一年。不知这天堂,所指的是否便是极地。北极与南极,其极昼极夜现象的形成,是由于地球在沿椭圆形轨道绕太阳     

Review of the Alaska boundary question

EUROPE

Language as a Social and Political Factor in Europe. By Stanley Rundle. 8 3/4 x 5 5/8. Pp. 207. 11 sketch maps. London: Faber and Faber Ltd., 1946. 12s 6d.

Britain's Structure and Scenery. By L. Dudley Stamp, C.B.E., B.A., D.Sc. 8 1/2 x 6. Pp. xvi+255. 47 colour photographs. 40 photographs in black and white. 74 maps and diagrams. London : William Collins, Sons and Co. Ltd., 1946. 16s.

Climbing in Britain. Edited by J. E. Q. Barford. 7 x 4 1/2. Pp. 160. 47 figs. 18 photographs. Pelican Books, A 160. Harmondsworth : Penguin Books Ltd., 1946. 1s.

Scotland before the Scots. The Rhind Lectures for 1944. By V. Gordon Childe. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. viii+144. 24 figs. 16 plates. London: Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1946. 12s 6d.

On Scottish Hills. By B. H. Humble. Foreword by Geoffrey Winthrop Young. 10 x 7 1/2. Pp. 128. 75 photographs. End‐paper sketches. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd., 1946. 18s.

The Promise of the Years. By Edward Grace. 9 1/4 x 7. Pp.120. 26 illustrations. London: Sylvan Press Ltd., 1946. 16s.

The Lure of Lakeland. By E. D. Tinne. 6 1/2 x 8. Pp.64. 22 illustrations by the author. End‐paper sketch map. London : Frederick Warne and Co. Ltd., 1946. 7s 6d.

Henley‐in‐Arien : An Ancient Market Town and its Surroundings. By William Cooper, F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. xii+195. 14 illustrations. 2 maps. Birmingham: Cornish Brothers Ltd., 1946. 21s.

The River Windrush. By Wilson MacArthur. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. viii+184. 46 photographs. London : Cassell and Co. Ltd., 1946. 10s 6d.

This Land of Sweden. By Prince William of Sweden. Translated by Elizabeth Kjellberg. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. 395‐ 17 illustrations. Stockholm : P. A. Norstedt och Söners Förlag, 1946. 16 kr.

La Route Française, son Histoire, sa Fonction. By Henri Cavaillès. 9 x 5 1/2. Pp. 399. 7 figs. Paris : Librairie Armand Colin, 1946. 370 fr.

The Matterhorn. By Guido Rey. Translated from the Italian by J. E. C. Eaton. Revised and two additional Chapters by R. L. G. Irving. 8 1/2 x 6 1/2. Pp. x+278. 37 illustrations. Oxford : Basil Blackwell, 1946. 15s.

The Growth of Modern Germany. By Roy Pascal. 7 1/2 x 5. Pp. viii+145. 11 photographs. 5 charts. 3 sketch maps. Past and Present, Vol.2. London: Cobbett Press, 1946. 7s 6d.

The Republic of Austria 1918–1934: A Study in the Failure of Democratic Government. By Mary Macdonald. 7 1/4 x 5. Pp. viii+165. Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. London: Oxford University Press, 1946. 8s 6d.

Under the Carpathians : Home of a Forgotten People. By J. B. Heisler and J. E. Mellon. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp.124. 79 illustrations. London: Lindsay Drummond Ltd., 1946. 12s 6d.

ASIA

Paysans de Syrie et du Proche‐Orient. By Jacques Weulersse. 9 x 5 1/2. Pp. 329. 69 figs. 16 plates. Le Paysan et la Terre, No. 3. Paris : Librairie Gallimard, 1946. 360 fr.

Black Borneo. By Charles C. Miller. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp.220. 23 photographs. London: Museum Press Ltd., 1946. 15s.

The Philippine Islands. By W. Cameron Forbes. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. xv+424. 31 illustrations. Map. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press ; London : Oxford University Press. Revised edition, 1945. 85.00 or 23s 6d.

A Presença de Portugal em Macau. By António da Silva Rego. 8 3/4 x 6 1/4. Pp. xiii+III. Lisbon : Agência Geral das Cólonias, 1946.

Asia on the Move : Population Pressure, Migration, and Resettlement in Eastern Asia under the Influence of Want and War. By Bruno Lasker. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. xiii+207. End‐paper sketch maps. New York : Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1945. S3.00.

AFRICA

The Northern Goldfields Diaries of Thomas Baines. Edited by J. P. R. Wallis. 10 x 6 1/2. Vol.1. Pp. xxxviii+1–278. 9 illustrations (colour and half‐tone). 2 maps. Vol. II. Pp. viii+279–598. 12 illustrations. 1 map. Vol. III. Pp. viii+599–855. 8 illustrations. 2 maps. Government Archives of Southern Rhodesia : Oppenheimer Series, No. 3. London: Chatto and Windus, 1946. 90s per set of three volumes.

AMERICA

Quebec: Historic Seaport. By Mazo de la Roche. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. xii+212. 17 illustrations. London : Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1946. 12s 6d.

AUSTRALASIA

Soil Erosion in Australia and New Zealand‐ By J. Macdonald Holmes, Ph.D. 9 1/2 x 7 1/4. Pp.296. 63 figs. 62 plates. Sydney and London : Angus and Robertson Ltd., 1946. 17s 6d.

POLAR REGIONS

Bibliography of Bibliographies on the Arctic. By Rev. Artheme Dutilly, O.M.I. 10 x 7. Pp. 47. Map. Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America, 1945. $1.00.

Life on an Icefloe. By Ivan Papanin. Translated from the Russian by Fanny Smitham. 9 x 6. Pp.240. 20 photographs. Map. London: Hutchinson and Co. (Publishers) Ltd., N.D. 18s.

EDUCATIONAL

The Raw Materials of the World. By J. Gentilli. Foreword by Dr. G. L. Wood. 7 1/4 + 4 3/4. Pp. xi+306. 50 diagrams. 48 maps. Sydney, Melbourne, Perth : Whitcombe and Tombs Pty. Ltd., N.D. 8s 6d.

Fundamentals of Economic Geography. By Nels A. Bengtson and Willem van Royen. 9 x 6. Pp. xxvii+802. 299 maps and illustrations. New York : Prentice Hall Inc. Revised edition, 1946. $6.00.

GENERAL

Dating the Past: An Introduction to Geodironology. By Frederick E. Zeuner, D.Sc., F.Z.S., F.G.S. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. xviii+444. 24 plates. 103 diagrams. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1946. 30s.

Ports of the World. Edited by Sir Archibald Hurd. 8 x 5 1/2. Pp. xxxiv+1065. London: The Shipping World Ltd., 1946. (Post free) 30s.

Snow on the Hills. By F. S. Smythe. 12 1/2 x 10. Pp. 119. 47 plates. London: Adam and .Charles Black Ltd., 1946. 20s.

ATLASES

The Compact Atlas of the World. By John Bartholomew. 6 3/4 x 4 1/4. Pp. xvi+128+30. Edinburgh : John Bartholomew and Son Ltd. 2nd edition, 1945. 6s.

Bacon's All Essentials School Atlas, containing maps showing contours, isobars, isotherms, rainfall, vegetation, population, productions, communications, political boundaries, etc., and a complete alphabetical index to names. 9 3/4 x 7 1/4. Pp. 47. Edinburgh : G. W. Bacon and Co. Ltd., [1946]. 3s 6d.     

阿拉斯加观鲸记

<正>阿拉斯加有着比美国东西海岸都长的海岸线,游览阿拉斯加怎么能少了海这个主角呢?虽然这片海域的低温并不适合游泳,但也因此保留下来了完整繁茂的生态系统,使得观看海洋野生动物和壮观的冰川成为了世界级的游览项目。此次的"观鲸之旅"当然并不仅仅是看鲸鱼,在我看来,观赏冰川比鲸鱼更为重要一些,因为事实证明观鲸在很多更温暖的地方比阿拉斯加还要容易看到一些,而这些直接从雪山上直灌海中的巨大冰川则没有几个地方能够看到。     

Review of the Alaska boundary question

EUROPE

A Vertebrate Fauna of Forth. By L. J. Rintoul and E. V. Baxter. Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd Ltd., 1935. Price 25s.

River Navigation in England, 1600–1750. By T. S. Wilian. London : Oxford University Press, 1936. Price 10s. 6d.

The Pastoral Heritage of Britain. By E. H. Carrier. London : Christophers, 1936. Price 10s. 6d.

The Mesolithic Settlement of Northern Europe : a Study of the Food‐Gathering Peoples of Northern Europe during the Early Post‐Glacial Period. By J. G. D. Clark. Cambridge : The University Press. Price 25s.

ASIA

Asia. Third Edition. By L. Dudley Stamp. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 27s. 6d.

Odyssey of the Islands. By C N. Taylor. London : Charles Scribner's Sons Ltd., 1936. Price 12s. 6d.

AFRICA

The Seething African Pot. By D. Thwaite. London : Constable and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 7s. 6d.

Canoe Errant on the Nile. By R. Raven‐Hart. London : John Murray, 1936. Price 7s. 6d.

AMERICA

Tempest over Mexico. By R. E. King. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 10s. 6d.

Londoner's New York. By E. S. Fay. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 8s. 6d.

AUSTRALASIA

Central Australia. By C. T. Madigan. London : Oxford University Press, 1936. Price 12s. 6d.

Papuan Epic. By K. Bushell. London : Seeley, Service and Co. Ltd. 1936. Price 12s. 6d.

New Zealand: A Short History. By J. C. Beaglehole. London : George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1936. Price 3s. 6d.

OCEANIA

POLAR

Cradle of the Storms. By B. R. Hubbard. London : George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 8s. 6d.

GENERAL

British Regional Geology : The Pennines and Adjacent Areas. By Dr. D. A. Wray. London : H.M. Stationery Office, 1936. Price 1s. 6d.

Trees of Britain. By B. Briggs. London : The Lutterworth Press, 1936. Price 21s.

(7) Wild Flowers of the Wayside and Woodland. Compiled by T. H. Scott and W. J. Stokse. London : Frederick Warne and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 7s. 6d.

EDUCATIONAL

The Economic Geography of the British Empire. By R. Ogilvie Buchanan. University of London Press Ltd., 1935. Price 6s.     

阿拉斯加观鲸记

正阿拉斯加有着比美国东西海岸都长的海岸线,游览阿拉斯加怎么能少了海这个主角呢?虽然这片海域的低温并不适合游泳,但也因此保留下来了完整繁茂的生态系统,使得观看海洋野生动物和壮观的冰川成为了世界级的游览项目。此次的"观鲸之旅"当然并不仅仅是看鲸鱼,在我看来,观赏冰川比鲸鱼更为重要一些,因为事实证明观鲸在很多更温暖的地方比阿拉斯加还要容易看到一些,而这些直接从雪山上直灌海中的巨大冰川则没有几个地方能够看到。     

绝美飞行 空中俯瞰阿拉斯加山脉

正从美国阿拉斯加州最大城市安克雷奇前往第二大城市费尔班克斯的必经路上,有一座叫作塔尔基特纳的旅游小城,这里有着来阿拉斯加不容错过的游览项目,那就是乘坐小飞机飞临丹奈利国家公园上空,观看壮观的阿拉斯加山脉,而其中最让人血脉偾张的就数北美最高峰麦金利山。阿拉斯加的所有村镇都有自己的机场,小型飞机对于当地人来说恨不得就像皮卡一样普及,所以乘小飞机看山景是很多地方都有的行程。而对     

The Social Role of Technology in Coastal Alaska

Novel technologies linked to women and men through identity-demarcated tasks and knowledge sets can potentially have differential and even long-term effects on each group. This study follows the trajectory of two significant imports into the coastal western Alaskan system, the firearm and the metal cook pot. These imports had different implications for coastal Yup’ik women and men, young and old. Over time the gun became an integral piece of a man’s tool kit and one that had the potential to boost production and thus a man’s access to status-building. However, these same tools had the potential to undermine the apprenticeship system of male authority. Likewise, the metal cook pot replaced the productive oversight and skill set of elder women’s ceramic production but created paths of independence for younger Yup’ik women. These changes in technology destabilized relative balances of gender and age based status, security, and authority and fashioned new gender and age based social and economic opportunities and limitations.     

Toward an archaeology of late prehistoric Eskimo bands in coastal northwest Alaska

The methodology of analogical explanation of prehistoric Eskimo remains in northwest Alaska is examined. The sociospatial organization of Wales or, Kingigan, settlement and the greater Kingikmiut territory is evaluated as an example based on ethnohistorical studies and archaeological excavations carried out at three sites in the locality since 1926, and relationships between the archaeological material and historic socio-spatial divisions of Kingigan are explored. The review reveals that only two historic family compound locations have been sampled archaeologically, and that several others have not yet been sampled. However, existing samples nevertheless represent the larger Agianamiut, Kiatanamiut and Kurigitavik districts in the settlement, ca. AD 1800–1850 and extending back to prehistoric times from ca. AD 1000. A nomenclature for socio-spatial units is proposed that includes compound families, local bands, tribal capitals and tribes based on examples of historic Eskimo territorial organization. Caution is suggested in applying the nomenclature to prehistoric cultures in cases where continuity of artifact forms, art styles and motifs with historic local cultures are not demonstrable. Application of historic Eskimo analogues to prehistoric entities such as Birnirk and Punuk cultural remains risk fallacious interpretations because continuity with historic examples are not demonstrable and alternative explanations cannot be eliminated.     

Observations of lunar tides in upper atmosphere winds at Poker Flat,Alaska

The lunar semidiurnal tide is extracted from hourly values of winds in the 75–105 km region measured by the Poker Flat Alaska MST radar used in the meteor mode. Since year-to-year variations are apparent, detailed results for 1983 and 1984 are presented. Inferred vertical wavelengths range from 17 km in March 1983 to 46–55 km in September of 1983 and 1984. The height progression of the phase is frequently too irregular to derive a vertical wavelength. Amplitudes of 3 m s⁻¹ are common and range up to 8 m s⁻¹. Amplitudes generally are largest at the equinoxes, especially in September, with another maximum in winter sometimes occurring. Reasonable agreement is found with lunar tidal measurements at Saskatoon, and some points of similarity are found with the solar semidiurnal tide at Poker Flat.     

Spectral geographies: haunting and everyday state practices in colonial and present-day Alaska

Haunting is an analytic that foregrounds connections between the past and the present day. I employ haunting to analyze everyday practices of the colonial state in Alaska, thereby reinforcing the material connections between everyday activities and narratives and the imaginaries they create, questioning the timeless character of many studies of everyday geographies, and demanding attention to justice. A case study from Alaska involving federal non-recognition of the Qutekcak tribe demonstrates connections between colonial histories and present-day practices of the state, connections that take shape as a ‘spectral geography.’     

Task-Specific Sites and Paleoindian Landscape Use in the Shaw Creek Flats,Alaska

The Shaw Creek Flats and nearby middle Tanana river, in central Alaska, constitute one of the areas in the Americas with the densest known distribution of Late Glacial (about 14,500–11,700 cal. B.P.) archaeological sites. Local high rates of sediment deposition and low post-depositional disturbance allow for the interpretation of the function of archaeological occupations within larger economic and mobility strategies. Residential sites used over the long term seem to be located near critical but immovable resources such as clear water and vegetation. The spatial association of artifacts and faunal remains at other sites in the Flats suggest that they were specialized, short-lived locations dedicated to a single or few activities. For instance, the site of Swan Point Cultural Zone 4b is interpreted as a workshop related to the production of composite tools, particularly on mammoth ivory, and the site of Keystone Dune is interpreted as a camp related to wapiti (Cervus elaphus) hunting. These task-specific sites and others were probably used as part of a predominantly logistical mobility and economy strategy, which maximized efficiency in harvesting and processing resources that were distributed heterogeneously on the landscape.     

Technical aspects of a worked proboscidean tusk from Inmachuk River,Seward Peninsula,Alaska

Prehistoric reduction sequences of proboscidean ivory have been described and discussed within the Russian and European Upper Paleolithic archaeological literature. A culturally modified proboscidean tusk (Mammuthus sp.) in Seward Peninsula, northwestern Alaska, displays longitudinal grooving, providing an insight into a reduction technique rarely described within North American archaeological literature. Similar reduction sequences have been described for the production of bone, antler and walrus ivory artifacts in the North American prehistoric record; however, examples on proboscidean ivory are extremely rare.