A REASSESSMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF MOUND A AT TOQUA

Abstract

The Toqua site (40MR6) is one of the most thoroughly excavated Late Mississippian mound sites in East Tennessee. The site has been a focal point of research on late prehistory in southern Appalachia, but there are issues surrounding its chronological placement. The radiometric dates obtained for the site in the 1970s and the archaeomagnetic dates reported in 1999 have large standard deviations. These dates are too imprecise to be useful for a temporal placement of the site that is clear enough for current discussions of the development of Mississippian culture. A newly obtained Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) date from the large platform mound (Mound A) allows a reevaluation of the occupation sequence of the Toqua site. This date provides an anchor for a refined chronology for Mound A. In addition to the new AMS date, this refined chronology is based on complementary lines of evidence, including architectural evidence, mortuary practices, pottery traditions, and shell gorget styles.     

A RECORD OF THE ENTHRONEMENT OF

July 4th, 2010, which was also May 23rd of the irontiger year according to the Tibetan calendar, was a most auspicious day. Tibetan Buddhism welcomed this very important event, drawing lots from the golden urn to search for the soul boy of the Fifth Detrul reincarnation. Over 150 representatives from all walks of life and adherents witnessed this great event in Tibetan Buddhism in front of the statue of Sakyamuni in the Jokhang Temple.     

A GEOGRAPHY OF THE WAY OF LIFE,A DISTINCTIVE SUBFIELD OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

The authors formulate principles for a subfield of geography that would study and describe the way of life of peoples. Such an area of inquiry would use a wide range of data from population geography and the geography of services and seek to convey a composite picture of the way of life and identify a typology and regional differences. An attempt is made to illustrate some of these principles with particular reference to the French way of life.     

THE REGIONALIZATION OF A WATERWAY: A STUDY OF RECREATIONAL BOAT TRAFFIC

The Trent-Severn Waterway is an artificially connected series of lakes and rivers used primarily for recreational boating. A graph theoretic analysis of 56,675 boat trips was conducted to establish the predominant boating patterns on the waterway. Short trips, with a high degree of directional balance, are characteristic. Seven distinct nodal regions with high isolation ratios can be clearly identified as the result of the highly localized nature of most of the boat traffic.
La voie navigable Trent-Severn se compose d'un ensemble de lacs et de rivières, reliés artificiellement; la voie est utilisé principalement pour la navigation de plaisance. Afin d'établir les modèles prédominants d'usage de la voie navigable, l'auteur a entrepris une analyse ← graph théorique → de 56,675 voyages en bateau. Les trajets les plus caractéristiques sont assez courts et présentent un équilibre d'orientation élevé. étant donné le caractère très localisé de la navigation, on peut identifier clairement sept régions nodales distinctes qui ont toutes des raisons d'isolement élevées.
The geographic study of outdoor recreation, in those cases which have focused on recreational areas, has been largely static; recreational areas have been treated as formal (i.e. uniform) rather than functional regions. In this paper, by contrast, graph theory is used to develop a model of the internal spatial structure of a waterway, disaggregating what is conventionally thought of as a single recreational unit into its component regions in a way that reflects the trip patterns of recreational boaters.     

时间地理学研究现状与展望

概述时间地理学在欧美及日本的应用研究状况,重点论述时间地理学在中国城市地域研究中的应用情况,展望时间地理学可能的应用研究领域。     

HISTORICAL CYCLES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF A TERRITORY

The concept of historical development cycles of a territory is proposed, distinguishing time scales of the order of 10, 100 and 1000 years and spatial scales ranging from local through regional to global. The notion of growth poles is introduced into the space-time stratification of development, and three types of poles are distinguished: (1) permanent poles that maintain their position through a sequence of historical cycles; (2) migrating poles; (3) mutually substituent poles that exchange positions from one cycle to another. Various types of growth poles and development cycles are associated with each of the three time scales. For example, local and regional cycles with permanent poles tend to be associated with short-duration cycles, the global cycles and mutually substituent poles with long-duration cycles.     

A LYONS BRANCH OF THE POTTERY-MAKING FIRM OF ATEIUS OF AREZZO

Fifty-one waster sherds of Terra Sigillata (～20-0 b.c. ) from Arezzo, Italy and Lyons, France have been chemically analysed for twenty-eight elements by neutron activation and seven by X-ray fluorescence. Most of the elemental abundances were measured with high precision and cross-comparisons of the two techniques of measurement (and sample preparation) give added insight as to their relative precision, the calibration differences and the extent to which volatile materials such as carbonate or water influence the results. The sherds from Arezzo formed a homogeneous and distinctive chemical group while all but two of those from Lyons were classified into three such groups. Two of the Lyons groups (MML A and MML B) were from Montée de La Muette and one was from Loyasse. Four additional sherds from houses excavated in Strasbourg and one from Lyons, all of which bore the signature of the famous Anetine pottery-making firm of Ateius, were also analyzed by the same techniques. These signed sherds all had the same composition pattern and it closely matched one of those from Montée de La Muette (MML A) in Lyons. It is therefore suggested that these five sherds bearing the Ateius signature were made in the general vicinity of Lyons and were part of the output of an as yet unknown Gallic branch of the firm of Ateius.     

ANTHROPOGENIC MODIFICATION OF A HILLY SOUTHERN TAIGA LANDSCAPE IN THE SPHERE OF INFLUENCE OF A COPPER SMELTER

The environmental impact of copper-smelter emissions in a southern taiga landscape is analyzed in terms of three concentric zones: (1) an inner zone of total environmental disruption; (2) a zone of heavy modification; (3) a zone of slight modification. The changes in vegetation cover resulting from the emissions are described for each zone. [The study area is not identified beyond being in Chelyabinsk Oblast of the southern Urals, but the context makes clear that the paper deals with the copper smelter of Karabash, a town with a population of 20,000, 50 miles northwest of Chelyabinsk–Editor, S.G.] A related article on smelter pollution in the taiga appeared in Soviet Geography, April 1977.     

A LETTER OF GRATITUDE

正Tsewang Drolma once suffered from congenital heart disease,but she found recovery through the One Heart to Keep the Chinese Heart Beating public welfare project.To express her heartfelt appreciation toward those people who remained committed to helping her,the following is her own personal letter."My name is Tsewang Drolma,and I have suffered from congenital heart disease since the time I was a little girl.Today,though,I can live a healthy and happy life,and     

西安东北郊北十里铺发现大量西汉金饼

1999年11月2日,西安东北郊谭家乡北十里铺村二组新华砖厂掘土机取土时相继发现西汉金饼219枚（插一）。金饼数量之大十分罕见,比1985年以前全国出土总量的216枚还多。已往金饼一般都出在汉墓中,还没有发现其他时代的墓葬或遗址中出土过金饼,而且绝大多数都出在西汉墓中,所以     

地方感的研究路径探索：心象运动论的方法

通过多理论思辨，本文认为地方感理论研究中，不同流派之间存在的三对矛盾：流动性与在地性的矛盾，历时性与即时性的矛盾，个体经验与集体意识的矛盾。为调和这三对矛盾，本文探索新的研究方法，即地方感的心象运动路径，主要包括以下内容：①心象与心象运动的概念；②心象运动的认识论；③心象运动论的研究方法。通过这些理论探索，提出地方感研究的新路径，为城市政府的社区管治、提升居民的归属感提供政策参考。     

多维视角下中国饮食的地理学解读——以《舌尖上的中国》中的美食为例

本文融合了人地关系认识论与西方饮食地理学的相关成果,基于“自然—社会—文化—经济”四个维度,构建了饮食地理的多维视角分析框架,将饮食的基本属性解读为人与自然交互作用的产物、社会关系的纽带、地方文化的载体、全球化的地方商品等四个方面,进而以《舌尖上的中国》解说词为基础数据,通过语义网络分析,探析了中国美食的地理特征与多重属性。研究发现：(1)中国美食主要集中在胡焕庸线以东,并呈现南多北少、东多西少的基本格局,与农耕文化区和城市群的分布高度一致。(2)在自然属性方面,气候条件被认为是影响中国美食地域性的关键因子;在社会属性方面,美食对增进家庭凝聚力具有重要作用;在文化属性方面,美食是产生地方认同和地方依恋等情感的催化剂;在经济属性方面,美食可以促进地方就业和全球化的深化。