GEOGRAPHIC FORECASTING FOR OPTIMIZING NATURE MANAGEMENT AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KANSK-ACHINSK FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX

A program for forecasting the possible environmental consequences of industrial development in the Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy Complex (KATEK) is described, the resulting forecasts providing the basis for recommendations for future resource development. Attention is focused on the projected impacts of the location of two state regional power stations (GRES) and one large strip mine in the Sharypovo area, the authors recommending that this represent the maximum capacity to be concentrated at any one location for environmental reasons. [Apparently, planners took this into consideration, as recently announced plans for the basin have been scaled back to include only two stations (see S.G., April 1988)—Ed., S.G.] One variant calls for the resiting of one of the GRES units to the eastern part of the KATEK area (translated by Natalia B. Barbash, Brooklyn, NY 11209).     

LOCATION THEORY AND THE MULTI-PLANT FIRM: A FRAMEWORK FOR EMPIRICAL STUDIES

A model is presented to provide for the optimum distribution of manufacturing plants for a multi-plant firm in a market-oriented industry. Independent variables are production costs, transport costs, and density of demand; dependent variables are optimum plant size and market area. It is argued that the model provides a suitable framework for analysing changes over time in the distribution of a firm's plants. The applicability of the model is illustrated with short studies of spatial changes in the fluid milk industry in southern Ontario and the auto assembly industry in the United States.
Nous présentons ici un modèle fournissant la répartition optimale des manufactures pour une entreprise à usines multiples dans une industrie orientée sur les marchés. Nos variables indépendantes sont les coûts de production, les frais de transport, et la densité de la demande; nos variables dépendantes sont les marchés et la grandeur optimale des usines. Nous soutenons que ce modèle foumit un cadre d'analyse acceptable pour étudier les changements dans le temps dans la répartition des usines d'une entreprise. Pour illustrer Fapplicabilité du modèle, nous nous servons de brèves études de changements spatiaux dans l'industrie sud-Ontarienne du lait liquide et 1'industrie de montage des automobiles aux États-Unis.     

浙江区域块状经济地理分布特征、绩效及其形成机制研究

浙江区域块状经济这种新型的产业空间集群组织形式的形成和发展并不是一种偶然的经济现象,而且特定历史背景、人文环境及资源压力和市场竞争条件下产生的必然经济运动的结果,是浙江人在培育市场经济过程中探索出来的一种成功发展模式。在中国的浙江,全省86个县、市中有85个县、市拥有地方特色的区域块状经济地理分布特征。按其成因和地理位置可将浙江省"区域块状经济"概括为:环杭州湾平原区位型、浙东南沿海"温州模式"型、浙中金衢盆地资源匮乏开拓型和浙西南地方资源开发型等四大特征分区;对基于产业集群的区域块状经济运行绩效的研究表明,区域块状经济的形成和发展为面广量大的中小企业构筑了一种有效的地域空间模式,对于提高区域工业的竞争力、工业产品的市场占有率、促进浙江市场的繁荣、农村工业化、城镇化发展具有十分重要的作用,与此同时,探讨了基于中小企业与大市场成功对接的浙江省区域块状经济形成机制,提出了中小企业的集群成长及其与市场的成功对接是浙江省区域块状经济形成和发展的动力机制和区域块状经济与农村工业化、城镇化互动发展模式。     

TECHNOLOGICAL CATCH‐UP AND GEOGRAPHIC PROXIMITY*

ABSTRACT This paper examines productivity catch‐up as a source of establishment productivity growth. We present evidence that, other things equal, establishments further behind the industry frontier experience faster rates of productivity growth. Geographic proximity to frontier firms makes catch‐up faster. Our econometric specification implies a long‐run relationship between productivity levels, where nonfrontier establishments lie a steady‐state distance behind the frontier such that their rate of productivity growth including catch‐up equals productivity growth at the frontier. We use our econometric estimates to quantify the implied contribution to productivity growth of catch‐up to both the national and regional productivity frontiers.     

THEORY AND GOD IN GOTHAM

“Theory” is all the rage among religious studies scholars generally. But with the tiniest number of exceptions, this is not true in American religious history. American history in general has not proven receptive to theoretically oriented scholarship, and American religious history may epitomize this aversion; most histories of religion in America follow the classic forms of narrative history. yet the study of religion in modern urban America illustrates the desirability and perhaps even the inevitability of rethinking both religion and modernity. Without rethinking modernity, especially the assumption of its secularity, our histories cannot explain or even adequately describe the remarkable resilience of religion in so seemingly secular a place as Manhattan. And without rethinking religion we may not be able to comprehend its ability to thrive and to embrace uncertainty and spiritual pluralism alike.     

CRITICAL THEORY AND PUBLIC POLICY

In the confines of the study of politics, public policy analysis involves a shift from pure to applied research, a shift which intensifies the problem of the fact-value split inherited from positivist behavioralism. While early public policy literature concentrated on empirical policy-making processes bypassing moral criteria, some recent writings have elaborated on policymaking and policy evaluation as a type of normative inquiry; significant steps in this direction have been undertaken by Duncan MacRae and especially by Jurgen Habermas in the context of “critical theory.” According to Habermas, policy evaluation requires a critically reflective “practical discourse” open not only to experts or policy analysts but to the public at large. The paper argues that such discourse is a valuable remedy against the technical-instrumental bent of applied science, but that recovery of a fully non-instrumental “practical” judgement presupposes an evaluation not only of concrete policies but of the status of “policy” itself.     

现代艺术运动发展演变的地理学研究

现代艺术是目前唯一在国际上占统治地位的艺术现象。本文从地理学角度出发研究现代艺术的发展演变。首先回顾了现代艺术的发展过程,重点分析了现代艺术的地域性特征,指出国际现代艺术体系有"中心-边缘"性的分布格局,从流派数量和艺术主题的变化方面总结了其发展演变特点,并且总结了历史上三次重要的艺术扩散过程。其次分析了我国现代艺术发展的时空分布和地理格局,指出我国现代艺术的中心位于东部沿海大城市,具有分布不均、在国际体系中地位不高的特征。最后指出我国城市积极参与国际现代艺术体系、提升文化艺术地位的重要性和途径。     

采访最前线

沉浸在故事之中,林德布拉德的飞蛾,勇敢就是害怕也得上,2007美国《国家地理》全球摄影大赛别克4S店摄影讲座开讲,今夏相约音乐堂 走进绿色音乐门——中山公园音乐堂“留住美好自然打开音乐之门”2D07年暑期系列音乐会.[编者按]     

采访最前线

离家不远,抢拍宝贝,美国前总统卡特访问《华夏地理》,老虎上树,[编者按]     

A NODAL STRUCTURE FOR A SET OF CANADIAN CITIES USING GRAPH THEORY AND NEWSPAPER DATELINES*

The relative importance and the spheres of influence of the urban centres within some specified region, such as a country, are intriguing topics of investigation. Webber (1964) indicated that the ordering of centres within a country is not possible, since “the spatial extent of each [urban] realm is ambiguous, shifting instantaneously as participants in the realm's many interest-communities make new contacts, trade with different friends, or read different publications.’ We suspect, however, that there is considerable order in the communication links among the larger centres within a country. For example, Canada's leaders in business, governments, and the arts tend to move through a hierarchy of centres to end up in Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, Vancouver, or some other large city, depending upon the particular field in which they work. All urban centres are linked to Ottawa, which is at the apex of political power, and to large urban centres, such as Toronto and Montreal, which predominate in the economic realm. The major purpose of this paper is to derive a nodal structure for seventeen major Canadian cities, based on newspaper datelines. By utilizing these particular information flows, the analyses also shed light on possible differences between the anglophone and francophone communications networks.