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1.
The Late Prehistoric period in the lower Upper Ohio River basin of southwestern Pennsylvania and adjacent portions of Maryland, Ohio, and West Virginia is dominated by a material-culture assemblage named Monongahela. Monongahela has been associated with subsistence-settlement systems that included a large number of upland villages that were often far removed from large river valleys. The existence of these villages has been explained as resulting from intra- and interregional warfare. While these upland villages may have obtained as a result of warfare, it is argued that they served as important links in regional divided risk strategies in response to local environmental and social risks. 相似文献
2.
From the study of the complex of the so-called Yangshao culture and Qujialing culture in the northwest of Hubei Province,this paper discusses the alignment,evolution and variation of archaeological cultures.It argues that the different types of remains can be divided into four phases,based on the analyses and comparisions of the combined typical pottery objects in main sites.In addition,the remains in the area are compared horizontally to the cultures of the surrounding zones i.e.the Central Plain and the Jianghan Plain around the same period,and their respectively relative age,cultural characters and the alignment of cultural development are studied. 相似文献
3.
A two-sector dynamic general equilibrium model is developed "to investigate the direction of migration in response to differing demographic and consumption demand behavior, as well as variations in production conditions." The model, which involves a rural sector and an urban sector, incorporates "returns to scale and the natural rate of sectoral population growth as important determinants of the direction of migration, in addition to price and income elasticities, and the sectoral technical change rate with which...previous studies dealt." 相似文献
5.
自我国改革开放以来,人民的物质生活和精神生活得到极大丰富,思想意识领域空前活跃。国家、城市、行业、单位甚至个人都渴望在社会面前重塑形象。文博工作一向被视为比较特殊的行业,在交融与整合的新经济条件下,积极应对社会变革,树立“有为才能有位”的观念,已势所难免。 一、问题:文博业能形成市场 经济条件下的服务理念吗 服务理念是一个行业、一个个体立业立身的最根本的理念。它包括两个方面的内容:一是内在的,包括服务意识、服务态度和服务质量;二是外在的,就是社会对这种服务的认可程度。此二者究竟哪个更重要?只看社会… 相似文献
6.
AbstractThe prehistoric monuments of southern Anglesey have been interpreted in various ways over the past three centuries, as an examination of the work of antiquarians, artists, landscape designers and other contemporary commentators reveals. During the post-medieval period, the meanings of these monuments shifted, as perceptions of the pre-Roman era changed. As embodiments of the past, megalithic monuments were embraced by Welsh historians, antiquarians and artists in the movement to formulate a Welsh national identity. Moreover, their incorporation into landscape gardens was indicative of the extent to which they captured the contemporary imagination. Local communities, meanwhile, reacted in differing ways to the megaliths, influenced concurrently by superstition and agrarian pragmatism. 相似文献
8.
Metasequoia glyptostroboides is considered to be a species highly resistant to harmful environmental factors. For this reason it has been introduced to the cities. The climate of Krakow differs from that in its natural range in China. The research was focused on 40-year-old trees, planted in Kraków on fertile alluvial soils with a low level of ground water, in the vicinity of the steelworks. During the period of the highest level of air pollution in the 1970s and 1980s, the radial increment of investigated trees showed an increasing trend. At the end of the 1980s, when the emissions were reduced, a decreasing trend in radial growth was recorded. Throughout the entire period of their life the investi-gated trees have shown high homogeneity of short-term growth reactions. The sensitivity chronology of the trees was characterized by a high representativeness and a strong high-frequency signal. This may indicate that the investigated trees have shown a large sensitivity to climatic factors. The positive effect on the radial growth of Metasequoia had a cold September in the previous year, and also a cold January, April and May in the year of ring formation. Positive impact on the growth of trees had also the high precipitation occurring in April and August, as well as high air humidity in the spring of the year of ring formation. In the period 1974–2011 fifteen signature years were found. The analysis of the climatic conditions in these years confirms the results of the statistical analyses. 相似文献
9.
Craig Freedman (ed). Economic Reform in Japan: can the Japanese Change? Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar, in association with the Centre for Japanese Economic Studies, Macquarie University, Australia, 2001. xii, 231 pp. A$55.00, hardcover. Dengjian Jin. The Dynamics of Knowledge Regimes: technology, Culture and Competitiveness in the USA and Japan. London and New York: Continuum, 2001. xiv, 321 pp. £65.00/US$89.95, hardcover. Yoshiro Miwa, Kiyohiko G. Nishimura and J. Mark Ramseyer (eds). Distribution in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. x, 212 pp. £45.00, hardcover. Makoto Ohtsu and Tomio Imanari. Inside Japanese Business: a Narrative History, 1960–2000. Armonk and London: M.E. Sharpe, 2002. xxviii, 459 pp. US$29.95, paper. Michael E. Porter, Hirotaka Takeuchi and Mariko Sakakibara. Can Japan Compete? Houndmills: Macmillan, 2000. xi, 208 pp. £19,99, hardcover. Wolfgang Streeck and Kozo Yamamura (eds). The Origins of Nonliberal Capitalism: Germany and Japan in Comparison. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2001. xvii, 261 pp. £29.50, hardcover. Malcolm Trevor, Japan: restless Competitor. The Pursuit of Economic Nationalism. Richmond: Curzon Press, 2001. xxv, 274 pp. £45.00, hardcover. 相似文献
11.
The idea that American Indians played no part in Polynesian prehistory originated with J.R. Forster, a companion of Cook on his second voyage. Forster made a comparative study of five Polynesian languages, using a basic list of 40 words that included 'sweet potato'. He concluded that although there were many similarities between those languages and the languages of Southeast Asia, 'no distant or accidental similarity' existed between the Polynesian and American languages. Moreover, the 'wretchedness and small size' of American sailing craft proved 'incontestably' that the Pacific Islanders had not originated in the Americas. The premises for Forster's claims have long been proved to be wrong. Yet many scholars still accept his main conclusion. This article contraverts that view. It argues that voyagers from Mindanao crossed the Pacific to Ecuador in about 200 BC on a bamboo raft and that this became the prototype of the balsa rafts of Ecuador and Peru of early Spanish times. Such rafts made prehistoric voyages to Mexico, south-central Chile, and the Galapagos Islands. Easter Island's first settlers, it is argued, were drifted there in a balsa raft. A new claim that Polynesians from Easter Island sailed to South America and returned with the sweet potato and bottle gourd is also discussed. 相似文献
12.
The sociopolitical system of late prehistoric Hawaii was among the most complex of any Oceanic chiefdom, as indexed by such characteristics as scale, rate of energy extraction, degree of functional specialization, and political hierarchy. Various anthropologists and archaeologists have advanced models of how this complex sociopolitical system developed out of an earlier Ancestral Polynesian society. Recent advances in Hawaiian archaeology have now begun to provide a wealth of data on the course of prehistoric change in the archipelago over some 1500 years and, thus, provide evidence which can be used to test alternative models of the evolution of sociopolitical complexity. This paper reviews the major alternative models that have been put forward and provides a synopsis of the archaeological evidence relevant to their testing. 相似文献
13.
The formation, development and decline of the Tripolye culture giant-settlements in Chalcolitic Ukraine are strictly linked to complex processes of migration and settlement relocation. Despite being traceable through pottery typological analyses linked to contextual seriations, their identification is sometime not obvious. This paper shows how the application of the ‘gravity model’ not only facilitates their recognition, but it also helps increase the reliability of determining diachronic and/or synchronic occupations, shedding at the same time light upon the crucial ‘internal’ development of single settlements. Instead of clear-cut consecutive occupations, a more gradual settlement rotation with some synchronous phases seems to have prevailed. 相似文献
16.
This study focuses on hands and feet as indicators of sex and stature for Native Americans, hitherto relatively neglected in this regard. The study was performed on a large, well-preserved prehistoric skeletal sample from west-central Illinois. Discriminant functions are presented which determine sex with accuracies exceeding 87%. Those functions are then tested on three other Native American samples and found to have similar high degrees of accuracy. The utility of hand and foot bones for estimation of femur length (and subsequent inclusion in stature estimation equations) is also explored. While indirect estimation of stature is determined to be possible in this manner, it is suggested that these and other stature estimation techniques that have large standard errors may be of limited archaeological or forensic value. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
The aim of this study is to manifest the contribution of integrated approaches such as GIS, geomorphology, remote sensing and DEM analysis for the detection of neolithic settlements, the modeling of habitation and the reconstruction of neolithic landscape in the area of Thessaly. 相似文献
20.
The development, florescence, and subsequent demise of an organizationally complex cultural system in the American Bottom, part of the central Mississippi River valley, spanned a little over half a millennium. Cahokia, the largest Precolumbian site in the United States, is located within this segment of fertile floodplain, as are many other subsidiary settlements that varied greatly in terms of their size, internal structure, and occupational histories. Numerous projects over the past 30 years have resulted in the rapid accumulation of considerable information and divergent interpretations about the nature of the societies represented archaeologically by a series of superimposed settlement systems. 相似文献
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