近代旅京冀州商帮的收入问题初探——以五金商铺员工为中心

旅京的冀州五金商铺员工总体收入颇丰,但实际分配极不均衡,铺东馈送给伙友的勤劳金数额很小,远远低于股东或有人力股者每股所分红利数额,经理和有人力股份店员的收入主要依靠账期分得红利而非工资.普通店员的工资收入并不比其他行业高.     

山西票号的身股与经营管理

山西票号的经营管理,是中国金融史上非常成功的经营管理。其经营管理同它的身股制度是密切联系在一起的。本文拟就山西票号的身股制度与经营管理的关系作些探讨,不当之处,请批评指正。身股调动了经营管理者的积极性“人力资本”参与企业收益分配,是当前国际上普遍采用的一种激励机制。19世纪20年代,山西票号所推行的以人力顶股制度,名曰“身股”,俗称“顶生意”,就同这种激励机制非常相似。身股制度作为一种激励机制,之所以能够调动广大员工的积极性、主动性和创造性,就是因为身股制度具有以下两个基本特点:第一,身股在产权结构方面具有巨大…     

浅析地勘人力资源管理中的激励机制

有效的激励可以帮助管理者在拟订激励制度时,能从整体上把握地勘的人力资源现状和想达到的人力资源管理目标,从而使众多的激励措施、方案和制度相互衔接、补充和支持,达到整体的激励效果。激励机制能够充分调动地勘员工的积极性,激发主人翁责任感,促进地勘行业的精神文明和物质文明建设,对于集体的建设和发展有着重要的作用。健全人才管理激励机制,提高生产效率是深化改革,转换管理机制的一项重要任务,在某种程度上可以说激励机制运用的好坏、健全程度的高低是决定整个地勘行业兴衰的一个重要因素。文章阐述了地勘行业在建立健全激励机制中激励的现状、存在问题,并初步探析了这一问题的解决方案。     

目前我国远程教育教师激励机制问题分析

我国的远程教育系统学校教师激励存在着诸多缺陷,表现出诸多问题。究其原因主要在于观念;体制根源和教师工作动机和工作道德观的变化。远程教育教师的激励机制改革的措施主要有以下几方面:重视教师需求,激发需求层次的提高;管理机制转变是促使激励机制产生效果的根本;构建和谐的人际关系;运用目标激励,建立岗位目标责任制度;建立科学考核与评价,体系和工资分配模式;建立合理全面的奖惩制度。     

地方政府公共事业管理绩效评价机制的制度安排

地方政府公共事业管理绩效评价机制的制度安排,是地方政府公共事业管理绩效评价制度化、规范化的内在要求。主体评价机制制度安排的主要任务是建立健全评价领导机构、公民参与机制、专家评价机制和评价主体与客体的互动机制,评价激励机制制度安排的主要任务是把主观努力与效价和期望值、物质激励与精神激励、个人激励与组织激励、一般激励与权变激励结合起来,评价约束机制制度安排的主要任务是建立健全评价责任机制、申诉机制和监督机制。     

清代北京的旗民关系——以商铺为中心的考察

文章以清代京师(北京)内城商铺为切入点,就旗民关系的变化作了考察。清朝定鼎北京之初,实行旗民分治两元体制,强迫民人迁出内城,但是却无法阻碍其重新进入。文章第一部分,考察内城商铺的发展。嘉、道以降,以三项制度(编查什家户、铺保制度、户口调查)的实施为标志,表明清政府完全接受民人定居内城的事实。第二部分,以契书为基本史料,从商铺的分工、商铺的转手、商人的构成等方面,就内城商铺与商人群体作了考察。指出京城经商人群的最大特点,是包括旗、民两个部分。旗人经商,并与民人频繁互动,密切了彼此关系,促进了旗民分治制度的瓦解。     

清代晋商的人力顶身股

晋商是明清时期最大的商帮之一,从明初到清末在商界活跃了五个多世纪。晋商的经营之道在于＂以人为本＂思想基础上的制度创新,特别是在人力资源治理方面,晋商在经营活动过程中创立的人身顶股制度,是一种协调劳资关系、调动工作积极性的人力资源治理制度,是我国历史上最早出现的人力资本制度之一。晋商以此为基础逐步形成了一套较为完备的人力资本治理和激励机制,对于现代人力资源治理发现人才、培养人才、用好人才,终极实现人才为企业目标服务的根本任务等方面值得我们研究和借鉴。     

激励理论在博物馆管理中的运用

本文从激励理论的主要内容、激励理论在博物馆管理中的运用、博物馆知识型职员的激励、激励效果的评价标准、激励的基本原则等五个方面,论述激励理论是组织管理理论的重要组成部分,博物馆应运用激励理论构建激励机制,充分调动职员的工作积极性和创造性,更好地促进各项工作和为社会服务。     

试论现代企业人力资源管理中激励机制的应用

现代企业人力资源管理中激励机制的应用存在着一定的问题,在企业竞争成为人才竞争的现在,这些问题对于企业的长远发展都是致命的。建立完善的企业激励机制,创新企业激励手段,完善企业绩效制度,形成让员工产生归属感的企业文化,对于企业的长远发展是具有深远意义的。     

饭店职业经理人激励机制研究综述

本文在前人的研究基础上,对饭店职业经理人的激励机制进行了文献研究卞要通过薪酬理论的研究、人力资本理论研究、年薪激励机制研究、期权激励机制研究和声誉激励研究这五个方面进行分析。通过分析发现,理论的研究上中外学者在这些方面的研究上存在一些不同点。国外的研究结果普遍一致,而我国的研究普遍存在着差异,理论研究相对滞后,卞要出于宏观层面的研究.,同时还发现中国职业经理人的生存环境方面的困境。     

旅游上市公司自愿性信息披露与业绩相关性研究

基于代理理论与信号理论,业绩优良的上市公司有动力通过自愿性信息披露来降低代理成本或传递其竞争优势。本文选取在沪深两市上市的20家旅游上市公司作为研究样本,采用实证分析方法对旅游上市公司自愿性信息披露行为进行研究,检验自愿性信息披露与公司业绩的相关性,以期促进旅游上市公司完善其信息披露制度。研究结果表明：我国旅游上市公司自愿性信息披露水平整体较低;景点类公司自愿性信息披露水平显著高于饭店类和综合类旅游上市公司。旅游上市公司自愿性信息披露与净资产收益率、总资产周转率、营业收入增长率呈现正相关关系,与资产负债率和詹森指数呈现负相关关系。     

唐长安商业空间形态分析

通过对长安城市外商业点空间分布、存在时间和经营业种的分析,重新认识长安城商业空间发展演变的特点。早期都城的商业空间形态呈封闭对称的双核心结构,中唐以后,随着城市经济的发展和居民生活的需要,商业点突破市坊限制,在朱雀街东以皇城景风门外诸坊和以东市为核心的部分坊里内相对集中分布,形成了以东市为核心的商业区,在朱雀街西则分布较少,在外城城关处仅有零星商业点的分布,没有形成综合性的商业功能空间。所以唐代中后期长安城商业空间形态表现为“一核、一区型”结构特征。     

The role of forests in global climate change: whence we come and where we go

Neither the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) nor the Kyoto Protocol include a satisfying mechanism for reducing the substantial emissions from deforestation which are responsible for about a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions. It is acknowledged that planting forests, for example through afforestation and reforestation in the Clean Development Mechanism, clearly provides an opportunity to sequester carbon in vegetation and soils. However, it takes decades to restore carbon stocks that have been lost as a result of land-use changes. Reducing the rate of deforestation is the only effective way to reduce carbon losses from forest ecosystems. As negotiations on a post-Kyoto agreement have already started the authors argue that a complete and fair post-Kyoto regime will have to expand existing regulations by creating a framework to encompass all land-use and forest-related changes in carbon stocks. Developing countries administer the majority of the world's environmental resources and provide a vital global public good by maintaining environmental assets. However, with increasing pressure on development and the use of resources, developing countries can hardly be expected to provide these services free. Therefore, they will have to be integrated into a more comprehensive incentive framework which also rewards forestry conservation, sustainable forest management and afforestation. The authors discuss how an incentive system for the protection of forests can be included in a future climate regime. Different design choices are considered and two recent approaches to reward developing countries that avoid further deforestation are compared: the 'compensated reduction of deforestation' approach and the Carbon Stock Approach.     

农业产业化地区基于主体需要的县域经济发展激励政策——以河南省鄢陵县为例

以需要理论和激励理论为依据,以不同层面参与主体的不同“需要”为切入点,以河南省鄢陵县为案例,探讨了典型农业产业化地区县域经济发展的激励政策体系及激励机制。研究认为：构建激励政策体系必须依据农户、企业、产业和政府部门不同层次的“需要”,找出协同激励的载体模式,才能有效启动激励机制并实现协同激励。相对于以往研究,本研究强调了单个类型主体在提高需要层次驱动下的转型升级及多主体之间的相互转化、网络渗透、联合行动和协同创新,提出构建激励政策体系所依赖的五种协同激励模式。这些结论对中国农业培育新型经营主体和协同激励载体、加快县域经济发展意义重大。     

Immoral geographies and Soho’s sex shops: exploring spaces of sexual diversity in London

London’s Soho, situated in the urban heart of the city has long been understood as both a cosmopolitan and diverse space where transgression and deviance, particularly in relation to the sex industry and sexual commerce, are constitutive of this area. Drawing on three years of ethnographic fieldwork, we add to some of the existing debates on sexual spaces in Soho by documenting the changes to the social/sexual landscape of sex shops in this area, and look to geographers interested in the spatial politics of gender and sexuality to understand the importance of this particular place. Looking at two particular sex shops in Soho, we argue that the spatial practices in this very specific part of the city encourage a disruption of traditional hierarchies that often govern gender and sexed practices, and invite women, LGBTQ and kink communities to inhabit more inclusive spaces of sexual citizenship.     

Branding halal: A photographic essay on global Muslim markets (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate)

In the rapidly expanding global market for halal products, Malaysia and Singapore hold a special position as the only two countries in the world where state bodies certify halal products, spaces (shops, factories and restaurants) as well as work processes. In these two countries and in shops all around the world, consumers can find state halal‐certified products that carry distinctive halal marks. This photographic essay explores the properties of halal marks in Malaysia and Singapore within a framework of visual systems and the conditions of their interpretation, relating the particular systems to the complexities of which they are a part. More specifically, I explore the visual systems of halal marks on products, advertisements, shops as well as restaurants.     

A ‘sense of failure’? Everydayness and research ethics

A key legacy of much recent theorising in Anglo-American Human Geography has been the realisation that the ‘excess’ and ‘messiness’ of (too-easily and too-often overlooked) everyday events, geographies and experiences ought to have far-reaching conceptual and methodological implications. The aim of this paper is to elaborate some (as yet relatively implicit) ethical dimensions of this challenge, via a consideration of one particular notion and domain of ethics (research ethics in Human Geography) and, then, via one specific case study (re-presenting moments from my experiences of – and small ‘failures’ in – conducting qualitative research with children, as an adult male, in the UK, in 2000–2002).     

Houses,streets and shops in Byzantine Constantinople from the fifth to the twelfth centuries

This paper presents an analysis and reinterpretation of current evidence for houses, streets and shops in fifth- to twelfth-century Byzantine Constantinople, focussing on archaeological evidence. Previously unidentified townhouses and residential blocks are located. These show greater similarities to Roman-period domestic architecture than might be expected. Changes in the architectural style may be related to social change in the seventh century. Berger’s reconstruction of the early Byzantine street plan is shown to be archaeologically untenable. This has implications for the identification of formal planning and the boundaries of urban districts in the Byzantine capital. The limited archaeological evidence for streets and shops is also discussed.     

Human Security as ontological security: a post-colonial approach

ABSTRACT

This article will critically interrogate the relationship between Human Security and Ontological Security from a broadly postcolonial perspective. The dislocation engendered by successive waves of neo-liberal globalisation has resulted in the deracination of many of the world's inhabitants, resulting in a state of collective ‘existential anxiety’ [Anthony Giddens, Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991]. Under such conditions, the search for ontological security becomes paramount. However, conventional understandings of Human Security as ‘freedom from fear and want’ are unable – from a post-colonial perspective – to provide ontological security since they operate within a culturally specific, Eurocentric understanding of the ‘human’ as ‘bare life’ [Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, Daniel Heller-Roazen (trans), Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998]. It will then be argued that post-secular conceptions of Human Security [Giorgio Shani, Religion, Identity and Human Security, London and New York: Routledge, 2014] by acknowledging the role which culture and religion can play in providing answers to existential questions concerning the ‘basic parameters of human life’ are better able to ‘protect’ ontological security in times of rapid global transformation given the centrality of religion to post-colonial subjectivity. This will be illustrated by the case of the global Sikh community. It will be argued that ontological, and therefore, Human Security rests on reintegrating the ‘secular’ and ‘temporal’ dimensions of Sikhi, which had been severed as a result of the colonial encounter.