南京国民政府的边政机构述论

南京国民政府时期,中央与地方层面均设置了一些边政管理机构,有利于具体边政措施之贯彻。这些机构呈现以下特点:具有近代民主共和政体机构之性质;中央层面的管理机构设置较多且相对全面;地方层面的边政机构,隶属系统不一,虽按近代理念设置,但无统一的长期规划,也非决策或执行机构,属于研究性质;存在着传统政治习惯和近代民主共和理念共同作用于边疆治理实践的二元化特色。南京国民政府之边政机构,还有明显缺失:中央层面的边政机构与地方层面的边政机构联系脱节;边政机构之统合能力较弱,导致其权威及功效薄弱。南京国民政府政制本身与其边疆认识之缺失等因,是上述弊端产生的根源所在。     

中国援助1923年日本震灾史料一组

1923年9月1日日本关东地区发生里氏8.1级大地震,中国政府、各团体及直隶、山西、山东、河南、江苏、安徽等省纷纷筹募赈款,予以救济。1930年3月,日都东京重建工作历经六年半甫告完成,日本政府通过该国代理公使照会国民政府,对中方当年援日之举表示感谢。     

1931年江淮水灾工赈机制研究——以江苏省为中心

1931年江淮大水损失奇重,对灾民的救济和灾后重建困难重重。工赈作为近代以来有效的灾荒救治模式,在1931年江淮大水灾后重建中得到充分运用和发展。政府接替民间义赈团体成为此次工赈的主角,南京国民政府与地方政府之间建立了既有分工又有合作的双重工赈指挥体系,藉此展开了工赈项目的设计与运营,一方面疏通与合作机制使1931年江淮工赈取得了显著成绩;另一方面,当时的社会经济背景诸因素则制约着工赈机制的良性运转。     

南京国民政府时期中央与地方关系——以冀省“废苛减附”治理实践为中心的考察

南京国民政府时期国家在表象上归于统一,但地方主义势力彰显。聚敛钱财、搜刮民脂成为地方实力派对抗中央的主要手段,这既造成农民捐税负担过重、农村经济疲敝,又严重侵蚀了中央政府权威。国民政府为防止中央政权稳定性缺失,从削弱地方财权入手对各省进行整合控制,并于1934年发起全国性的"废苛减附"治理运动。河北省的实践结果表明,在这场运动中地方政府为保存实力纷纷抗争于中央,而中央唯一考虑的是收权并控制地方,中央与地方这种上有政策、下有对策的博弈无不显现出国家政权的"碎割"和中央权势的弱化。     

川谣·川灾·川政——抗战前夕四川的统一化进程

西安事变后,陕甘善后和四川整军先后成为南京国民政府奠定抗日后方的两大战略.与其他省份的统一方式有所不同的是,抗战前夕南京国民政府借助"川谣"和"川灾"对川政形成的巨大舆论压力,诱迫四川省政府主席刘湘频派代表入京高调辟谣,进一步强化了"国家统一"的话语优势,并较为顺利地推行了中央奠安川局的方案.四川整军虽因抗战爆发而仓促收场,但政治高层与社会舆论联袂"息谣"和"救灾",却为南京国民政府最终结束四川的半独立状态塑造了有利统一的心理条件.     

南京国民政府盐税整理与改革述论

南京国民政府对盐税进行了一系列的整理和改革,在维护中央权威、增加税收等方面取得了显著成效.但由于南京国民政府过度追求增加盐税收入,对社会民生及国家的现代化进程造成了深刻的负面影响.本文试从历史背景、主要措施、实际效果及对社会民生的影响等几个方面对南京国民政府的盐税整理和改革及其利弊得失进行论述.     

浅析南京临时国民政府训政时期的地方党政关系

南京国民政府训政时期党政关系的根本原则是"一党专政",具体形式表现为在中央实行"以党统政",在地方则实行"党政分开与合作"。这从某个侧面真实地反映出国民党统治制度在地方运作的缺陷。本文试图从国民党组织的结构和特点出发,分析国民政府中央"一党专政"形式的形成和地方"党政分开与合作"形式的演变,最后揭示出党政关系演变的现实意义。     

南京国民政府法币政策的实施与各省地方政府的反应

1935年11月,南京国民政府宣布实施法币政策的直接导因,是为了制止白银外流,但实施统一的法币政策一直是南京国民政府整合中央与地方关系的重要步骤,从某种意义上而言,制止白银外流只是法币政策实施的一个契机。本文试图以南京国民政府的法币政策为中心,对法币政策实施前后中央与各省地方政府之间的互动关系作一考察。     

江苏兼上海财政委员会述论

1927年3月成立的以上海金融界人士为核心的江苏兼上海财政委员会,其性质和作用有一变化过程。该委员会最初只是蒋介石委派的筹款团体,尚不具有政府机构的性质;随着南京国民政府的成立,它成为南京国民政府的财政行政机构,通过筹集垫款和发行二五库券,为南京国民政府的巩固提供了最主要的财政基础;从5月底起,委员会的财政行政机构性质不复存在,专事二五库券的发行及相关事项,直到8月委员会结束。就整体而言,江苏兼上海财政委员会是蒋介石政权初建、政府结构未臻完备阶段的产物,其所发挥的作用是暂时性、过渡性的,但却是以蒋介石为代表的南京国民政府与上海金融界工商界之间最初和最主要的中介环节,并使二之间的关系在磨合过程中得以维系。     

明朝汉藏经济交流——以西藏地方对明中央贡赐贸易为例

随着吐蕃地区归入元朝的直接管辖、驻军、设治及开辟与内地往来的驿站道路,为西藏与内地的经济文化交流提供了空前有利的条件。源于唐代的"茶马互市"继续发展,同时中央货币开始在西藏使用和流通,并开始了以朝贡方式与中央及内地经济文化的密切往来。     

长江三角洲船舶代理服务业空间组织网络时空演化——基于两省一市分析

选取2010年和2015年长三角地区船舶代理企业为研究样本,运用定量与定性相结合的方法,分别探析了多层尺度下长三角地区船舶代理企业的空间分布特征和以地级城市为载体的船舶代理服务业空间组织网络时空演化。研究发现：长三角地区船舶代理企业机构空间分布呈现出明显地域差异,区域和城市尺度上非均衡分布较为显著;长三角地区船舶代理服务业空间组织网络具有显著层级特征和明显的位序关系;由船舶代理企业组织构成的四大城市（上海、南京、苏州与宁波）现已成为空间组织网络主干联系的中心节点。同时,传统“T字型”主干区正在向外扩展,区域一体化趋势正在加强。宏观背景、区域机制与企业机制共同推动长三角地区船舶代理服务业空间组织网络时空演变。     

Neoliberalism in a Small Canadian City? Windsor City Council and the Reform of the Detroit River Border Crossing

This article examines the idea of the neoliberal city. Using the reform of the Detroit River international border crossing between Canada and the United States as a case study, the article explores the extent to which a small- to medium-sized Canadian municipality is capable of developing policy positions that challenge neoliberalism. The conclusion is mixed. Windsor City Council is not advancing policies that present a fundamental challenge to the economic status quo. It does not, for example, challenge the rationale that a new border crossing will facilitate freer trade. Nevertheless, neither are the municipal council's positions completely in line with arguments that municipal governments have no room to advance positions in opposition to major economic interests. The council is advancing policy positions opposed by major local, regional and international business interests. There is, therefore, some evidence of the possibility of local agency within the geography of neoliberalism.     

Constrained Labour Agency and the Changing Regulatory Regime in China

Using the concept of ‘constrained agency’ introduced by Neil Coe and David Jordhus‐Lier, this article attempts to evaluate the possibilities and constraints facing labour agency in the Pearl River Delta in China. By reviewing the social, economic and political background of the changing labour market and labour regulations in China, and through an intensive case study of a workers’ strike and its consequences, the author argues that Chinese migrant workers have begun to challenge the state's regulatory regime on labour, which is based on individual rights. However, the introduction of a regulatory framework based on collective rights is being impeded by the party‐state's manipulation of trade unions and the strong influence of global capital on local labour policy.     

Is the Forest Service Keeping Up With the Times?

Interest groups involved in the Forest Service's 1990 Resources Planning Act (RPA) forest planning process and representatives from accredited forestry schools were surveyed via a written questionnaire on their perceptions of change within the Forest Service since 1976. Respondents felt that the agency had changed, particularly during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Consumptive users perceived the change to be negative, while non-consumptive user groups and forestry schools felt it was somewhat positive, although they still felt the Forest Service had much further to go in this direction before achieving these groups' desired priorities for National Forest management. These results indicate that the agency is undergoing a net shift in direction towards increased emphasis on non-commodity forest uses. In general, external forces, such as Congress and the courts, were seen as having a greater impact on agency change than were sources of change within the agency itself. Forestry schools agreed most often with non-consumptive users, indicating that these programs may be undergoing a change away from their traditional focus on timber production. In addition to providing valuable insights on the subject of change in the Forest Service, these survey results locate areas of agreement and disagreement, and provide valuable feedback to the agency regarding its constituent groups' views about its performance in managing the National Forests.     

Sorcery and Negotiating Economic Agency: A Critical Observation from Solomon Islands

In this paper, my aim is to add to the discussions of sorcery in Melanesia by focussing on its relation to economic agency in the context of a case example from Malaita, Solomon Islands. Using Taylor's (2015) categories of ‘distributive’ and ‘possessive’ agency as a critical point of departure, I illustrate how sorcery can be considered as an outcome when people are perceived not to be balancing these forms of economic agency. By drawing on the example of an entrepreneur from Malaita, I highlight the complexity of the negotiations between possessive and distributive agencies and show how critically investigating these negotiations is important for understanding why sorcery may happen but also how to limit the chances of it happening. Furthermore, I also illustrate how critical investigations of accounts of sorcery can reveal complexities of socio‐economic and political life in changing economic and social circumstances.     

长三角区域旅游线路模式及目的地类型研究

本文基于旅游社国内观光旅游线路报价单,统计并分析长三角区域旅游线路空间模式的类型、特征,以及长三角地区旅游目的地类型。结果表明,单目的地模式和完全环游模式是长三角地区最重要的两种旅游线路模式;长三角地区各目的地在旅游线路中出现频次存在较大的差异,呈现明显的等级层次;长三角旅游目的地类型主要表现为单一型、门户型以及出口型;通过对旅游线路中各目的出现频次的统计可见,长三角目的地呈现核心——边缘空间结构格局。     

Agency and resilience in the time of regional economic crisis

Using a comparative case study on the closure of the research and development facilities of a pharmaceutical company in two regions in Sweden, this paper investigates the emergence of regional economic resilience from an agency perspective. Findings include a networked region engendering agency from non-state actors whilst substantial state intervention is needed to facilitate agency from a less networked region. The paper finds broad confirmation that interactions of actors are due to how a region is organized and the contingencies of its institutional context. Collective agency depends on the ability of actors to align interests and coalesce agendas which, as shown by the two cases, can be based on shared regional affinity as in the case of Södertälje or innovation strategies as in the case of Lund. Regional economic crises bring forth conditions and impetus for temporary modes of cooperation that mobilize resources to launch adaptive resilience strategies. Conflicts in resource distributions or operational complexity make developing agency-based resilience challenging. Emergent regional outcomes from agency-based resilience from these two cases exhibit adaptation with the potential for adaptability in Lund, and adaptability with degrees of adaptation in Södertälje.     

Hybrid identities in Canada's Red River Colony

Scholarship on Canada's Métis women has been informed largely by their central economic and reproductive roles in the British fur trade in North America. This article moves beyond these representations and focuses on Victorian discourses of race, class, gender and sexuality in a re-conceptualization of women's lives and experiences in territory. The article's primary aim is to evaluate the concept of female agency in Canada's Red River Colony (now Winnipeg, Manitoba) in 1850 and 1863. I use case studies of two unrelated lawsuits, Foss v. Pelly and The Queen v. Corbett , involving two differently situated Métis women. My central argument is that British attempts to translate English law over colonized space provided the 'Other' with a space of resistance and created hybrid socio-legal and cultural forms. My approach questions Western assumptions about discrete colonizer/colonized identities and power relations in those identities, maps the impact of law on social and cultural change in the fur trade and asks whether the Red River Colony was a hybrid place.     

Class, Agency and Resistance in the Old Industrial City

Abstract:  Recent left academic work on the consequences of economic restructuring and local labour market change in old industrial cities has been important in emphasising the role of local context and contingency in the shaping of labour market outcomes. However, in such accounts agency is often limited to capital and state actors, albeit working across scales from the local upwards. There is little sense of agency for individuals and communities in the midst of economic restructuring. Instead, they are usually treated as passive victims of deeper underlying processes. In this paper, our purpose is to highlight the autonomy and agency of workers, people and communities in old industrial cities. Rather than starting from the perspective of capital, our starting point is to emphasise how those experiencing economic change forge strategies and practices for "getting by". This leads us to call for a re-theorisation of labour agency, drawing upon the Autonomous Marxist tradition and the more recent work of Cindi Katz, in order to offer fresh insight into the agency of labour and the prospect for recovering a class politics based upon lived experience over reified abstractions.     

中国产业集群研究中的主体能动性与多方验证方法

结合国情的中国产业集群研究需要关注集群内外相关众多主体的合作行动和主体能动性。从属性数据、关系数据以及观念数据的分析视角来看,已有的产业集群研究方法对于各主体的多样性及能动性缺乏充分的考察。源于经济地理而构建的多方验证方法考察集群相关主体的观念数据,悬置对于主体的各种先入为主的假定,在开放与批判的前提下解释多种数据,在此基础上形成对于主体能动性的深度理解,以支持对于集群机制的进一步研究。因而,多方验证方法在产业集群研究中的应用有助于增进案例研究的解释力,促进对于集群主体能动性的理解,并在理论上、方法上与实践上具有广阔的发展空间。