全国禁烟密查总报告

抗战爆发后,国民政府于财政部设置禁烟密查组,调查大后方烟毒危害及禁毒政策实施情形。1940年9月,代理禁烟密查组组长郭寿华向财政部呈送第一期《全国禁烟密查总报告》,汇报调查结果。     

黎平禁烟事件

民国时期地方政府的禁烟工作,由县长主管,县政府第一科主办。民国二十年(1931年),黎平县成立戒烟所;民国二十六年,成立禁烟委员会;民国三十二年,各乡(镇)成立禁烟委员会;民国三十五年,成立贵州省禁烟协会黎平分会,各乡(镇)成立支会,分会和支会成立后,取代禁烟委员会工作。其责任是:登记烟民,强迫戒烟,缴销烟具,取缔烟馆,宣传禁烟法令,查铲烟苗、烟土,维护禁烟法令,控制民众种烟,制定禁烟计划、措施。其目的达到禁种、禁售、禁吸、禁藏,如有违反或包庇者,依法惩办。国民党政府对禁烟工作,虽然设立常设机构,发出禁烟大法,张贴禁烟布告,从表面…     

民国时期禁烟内幕

一、禁烟·种烟·运烟 辛亥革命后,割据一方的军阀,对鸦片烟税收,无不垂涎三尺,可是义不敢公开扶植,于是高唱“寓禁于征”。云、贵二省,种烟较久,为了禁烟,也装模作样厉行“铲炯”。或是在交通要道铲烟,在偏远山区种烟;或是待收烟之后去铲;或是今年铲烟,明年种烟。贵州种烟地区,割烟上市时抽产场税,每担八十元左右。云南唐继尧统治时,发出禁烟令,实行按亩收税,称为“禁烟罚金”,顾名思义,     

全国禁烟密查总报告（第二期）

全国禁烟密查总报告(第二期)(1941年7月)总论窃维烟毒为我国家二百余年来屡禁未绝之要政,抗战军兴,外人之观察者且谓我政府当局或将因抗战间财政与内政上之困难而将自行弛禁,幸赖我领袖躬亲主持禁政大计,坚苦力行,现经告逐步完成,本年六月底业已初步完成“种”、“运”、“售”     

琦善“弛禁”问题复议

史学界多认为琦善是弛禁派首领。本文认为,琦善并非弛禁派人物。在“漏卮在鸦片”问题上,他基本上同于黄爵滋;他虽然不同意首禁吸食,但他的主张是正确的;他虽然不同意吸食论死,但他赞同黄爵滋重刑禁烟的思想;尤其是,他强调禁烟的关键在于“治人”,在于整肃吏治,主张从重处罚官员中的违禁、失察行为。在直隶禁烟运动中,他“购觅眼线”,周密部署,制定章程,严密查拿,成效显著,为道光帝及舆论所肯定。对此,应作出实事求是的肯定及评价,不应因其后来成了投降派而加以否定     

蒋介石最早的特务组织“密查组”

在国民党的“军统”、“中统”两大特务组织形成之前,蒋介石曾建立一个早期的特务组织——国民革命军总司令部密查组(以下简称密查组)。那时的戴笠仅是密查组的一个最低级的小特务。“密查组”的建立国民党的“军统”、“中统”两大特务组织是在1931年以后形成的,而“密查组”早在1927年四一二政变以后蒋介石到南京就建立了。那时国民党内的派系组织如雨后莠草,蔓生各地,如江西的“AB团”、江浙的“实践社”、黄河流域各地的“民主大同盟”,国民党军内更是山     

重庆市禁绝鸦片及烟民施戒缉捕情形相关文件

抗战时期,为改善陪都重庆市政,蒋介石先后下发了不下百余道手令,1939年5月30日划重庆为绝对禁烟区域令即为其中之一。①禁绝鸦片涉及烟户调查、土膏禁售、烟犯缉捕、烟民施戒等诸多事项。此组文件反映了重庆市政府、国民政府行政院、内政部禁烟委员会、财政部等相关部门办理此案的情形。     

民国档案2006年总目（总第83-86期）

庆祝中国第二历史档案馆建馆五十五周年贺信………………………………………………………………………………………………………段东升(4·3)在庆祝中国第二历史档案馆建馆五十五周年大会上的讲话……………………………………………杨永建(4·4)档案史料孔祥熙在国民党五届五中全会上的财政报告……………………………………………………………喻春生(1·3)全国禁烟密查总报告………………………………………………………………………………………陈晓敏(1·16)汪伪上海新闻检查所工作报告………………………………………………………………     

南京国民政府成立初期新疆办理禁烟情况史料选

北洋政府时期,新疆地区烟毒泛滥,杨增新执政时一度禁烟,后出于财政考虑,于1928年改禁烟为种烟.同年7月,金树仁上台后又改种烟为禁烟.本组史料反映了国民政府成立初期新疆办理禁烟的基本情况.     

助政府肃清烟毒,防敌人毒化阴谋

本“六三”日为林则徐先生焚土百零三年纪念日.长沙市县各界定今晨五时举行纪念大会.市府昨电各机关团体学校准时参加,同时分组检查烟毒,焚毁烟膏.兹志大会标语如下: (一)鸦片是中华民族的公敌; (二)禁烟禁毒,是复兴民族的先决条件; (三)禁烟是建国的重要工作; (四)禁烟与抗战并重; (五)烟毒杀人胜于炮弹; (六)有一个烟民存在,就减少一份抗战实力;     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the