The Sino‐Soviet Conference, 1924–1927

Soviet Union issued two declarations toward China in 1919 and 1920, promising to nullify all treaty privileges in China previously established by the Tsarist government voluntarily. However, in the formal negotiations Karakhan insisted that old treaties must be replaced by new treaty. Finally, the Sino‐Soviet Agreement, literarily, “Agreement on General Principles for the Settlement of Outstanding Questions”, signed in May 1924 and diplomatic relations restored at once, a conference was stipulated to meet within one month to solve all questions and to conclude a formal treaty. Nevertheless, the conference was postponed for more than a year; when it did convene too many controversies led it nowhere. Since no treaty was produced at the Sino‐Soviet Conference, the old treaties were not abolished, therefore the Soviet's promises were never practiced.     

The place‐names of canada

EUROPE

European Population Transfers, 1939–1945. By Joseph B. Schechtman. Preface by Adolph Lowe. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. xi+532. 3 sketch maps. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946. London: Geoffrey Cumberlege. $5.00, or 21s.

Land and Landscape. By Brenda Colvin, F.I.L.A. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. xii+266. 17 figs. 106 illustrations. London: John Murray, 1947. 21s.

Planning and the Countryside. By Jaqueline Tyrwhitt. 7 1/2 x 5. Pp. 60. 12 figs. Glasgow and London: Art and Educational Publishers Ltd., 1946. 2s 6d.

I Return to Scotland. By S. P. B. Mais. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. 274. 15 plates. 11 sketch maps. London: Christopher Johnson, Publishers, Ltd., 1947. 10s 6d.

The Cathedral and Royal Burgh of Kirkwall. By John Mooney, F.S.A.Scot. 9 1/2 x 6. Pp. xv+251. 19 illustrations. Kirkwall: W. R. Mackintosh. Second edition, 1947. 21s.

Natural History in the Highlands and Islands. By F. Fraser Darling, D.Sc., F.R.S.E. 8 1/2 x 6. Pp. xv+303. 46 photographs in colour, 55 in black‐and‐white. 24 maps and diagrams. London: William Collins, Sons and Co. Ltd., 1947. 16s.

Highways and Byways in the Central Highlands. By Seton Gordon, C.B.E. Foreword, and a glossary of place‐name elements with aids to pronunciation, by W. J. Watson, M.A., L.L.D., D.Litt. Velt., Hon. F.E.I.S. 7 1/2 x 5. Pp. xv+419. Illustrations by Sir D. Y. Cameron, r.a. Map. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1948. 10s 6d.

In the High Grampians. By Richard Perry. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. 173. 32 photographs, a maps. London: Lindsay Drummond Ltd., 1948 15s.

The Lake District and the National Trust. By B. L. Thompson. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp.viii+223. 24 illustrations. Map (1: 126,720). Kendal: Titus Wilson and Son Ltd., 1946. 10s 6d.

Cornwall. By Peggy Pollard. 9x7. Pp. 48. Drawings and water‐colours by Sven Berlin. 47 photographs. 2 maps. London: Paul Elek (Publishers) Ltd., 1947. 9s 6d.

The Mountains of Snowdonia in History, the Sciences, Literature and Sport. Edited by Herbert R. C. Carr, M.A., F.R.G.S., and George A. Lister, B.Sc. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. xiii+312. 15 figs. 27 plates. 6 sketch maps. London: Crosby Lock‐wood and Son Ltd. Second edition, 1948. 15s.

The Atlantic Islands: A Study of the Faroe Life and Scene. By Kenneth Williamson. Foreword by Eric Linklater. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. 360. 35 photographs. 4 sketch maps. Glossary. London: William Collins, Sons and Co. Ltd., 1948. 16s.

Fahrten in Island. By Rudolf Jonas. Appendices by F. Nusser. 9 x 6. Pp. 199. 3 figs. 80 photographs. Map of Iceland (1: 1,970,000) and of Vatnajokull (1: 800,000). Vienna: L. W. Seidel und Sohn, 1948. $3.50.

Bergens Byområde og dets geografiske Utvikling, 1900–1940. By Tore Sund. 10 1/2 x 7 1/2. Pp. 156. 88 figs. Skrifter fra Norges Handelsh0yskole i Rekken Geografiske Avhandlinger, No. 2. Bergen: J. D. Beyer A.S., 1947.

The Land of France. By Ralph Dutton and Lord Holden. Foreword by Raymond Mortimer. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. xvi+152. 133 illustrations. End‐paper sketch maps. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd. Second, revised, edition, 1946. 12s 6d.

How do you do, Tovarish? By Ralph Parker. gx6J. Pp. 64. 16 isotype charts. 32 photographs. London: George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1947. 7s. 6d.

ASIA

Middle East Journey. By Richard Goold‐Adams. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. viii+195. 22 photographs. Sketch map. London: John Murray, 1947. 15s.

Syrian Pageant: The History of Syria and Palestine, woo B.C. to A.D. 1945. By Wilfred T. F. Castle, M.A. 9x6. Pp.184. 16 illustrations. Sketch map. London: Hutchinson and Co. (Publishers) Ltd., N.D. 21s.

Soil and Water Conservation in the Punjab. By R. Maclagan Gorrie, D.Sc., F.R.S.E. Foreword by Sir Evan M. Jenkins, K.C.I.E., C.S.I. 10x7. Pp. viii+290. 47 figs. 27 plates. Lahore: Punjab Government (Book Depot), 1946. Rs. 5, or 7s 6d.

Tibetan Venture: In the Country of the Ngolo‐Setas. Second Guibaut‐Liotard Expedition. By Andre Guibaut. Translated by Lord Sudley. 8 3/4 x 5. Pp. ix+206. 23 illustrations. 2 maps. London: John Murray, 1947. 16s.

AFRICA

Liberia. By Charles Morrow Wilson. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp.226. 27 illustrations. New York: William Sloane Associates Inc., 1947. $3.75.

In the Forests of the Night. By James Riddell. 9 1/2 x 6. Pp. xiv+229. 97 illustrations. London: Robert Hale Ltd., 1948. 15s.

Wild Life in South Africa. By J. Stevenson‐Hamilton. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp.364. 2 sketch maps. London: Cassell and Co. Ltd., 1947. 12s 6d.

AMERICA

Outlines of the Geography, Life and Customs of Newfoundland‐Labrador (The Eastern Part of the Labrador Peninsula). By V. Tanner. 10 x 6 1/2. Vol. I. Pp. 1–436. Figs. 1–209. Vol. II. Pp. 437–909. Figs. 210–342. Bibliography: Pp. 827–909. Cambridge: University Press, 1947. 50s for the two volumes.

Newfoundland: Economic, Diplomatic, and Strategic Studies. Edited by R. A. Mackay, Ph.D., F.R.S.C. Contributors: The Editor, S. A. Saunders, M.A., Ph.D., A. M. Fraser, M.A., G. S. Graham, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S., A. R. M. Lower, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.C., G. S. Watts, M.A. Foreword by Sir Campbell Stuart, G.C.M.G., K.B.E. 9x6. Pp. xiv+577. Diagrams. 4 sketch maps. End‐paper maps. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1946. London: Geoffrey Cum‐berlege. 30s.

Mexico South: The Isthmus of Tehuantepec. By Miguel Covarrubias. 9 1/2 x 6 1/4. Pp. xxviii+435+viii. 92 line drawings. 8 colour plates. 91 plates (photographs). London: Cassell and Co. Ltd., 1947. 45s.

Mexican Kaleidoscope. By Norman Pklham Wright, F.R.G.S. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp.viii+175. 54 photographs. End‐paper sketch maps. London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1947. 15s.

Land of the Condor; By Hakon Mielche. Translated from the Danish by M. A. Michael. 8 1/2 x 6. Pp. 1352. Marginal drawings. 13 photographs. Edinburgh, Glasgow, and London: William Hodge and Co. Ltd., 1947. 12s 6d.

POLAR REGIONS

Grtnlands Historie: En Oversigtfra'ca. 1500 til 1945. By Finn Gad. 10 x 6 1/2. Pp.272. Illustrated. Det Grønlandske Selskabs Skrifter, XIV. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaards Forlag, 1946. Kr. 10.

South ivith Mawson: Reminiscences of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911–1914. By Charles Francis Laseron. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. 223. 17 illustrations. Endpaper sketch maps. Sydney: Australasian Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd. London: George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1947. 12s 6d.

CARTOGRAPHY

Catalogue of Maps in the Essex Record Office, 1566–1855. Edited by F. G. Emmison, F.S.A., f.r.hist.s. Foreword by E. Lynam, d.utt., f.s.a. 11 x 8 3/4. Pp. xx+106. 4 figs. 6 plates in colour. 28 maps in half‐tone. Map of Essex Hundreds and Parishes (1: 126,720). Chelmsford: The Essex County Council, 1947. 21s.

Geschiedenis der Kartografie van Nederland, van den Romeinschen Tijd tot het Midden der 19de Eeuw. By S.J. Fockema Andreae and B. van't Hoff. 12 1/2 x 9 1/2. Pp. viii +127. English summary: pp. 104–121. 25 plates. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff N.V., 1947. 15f.

BIOGRAPHY

Douglas of the Fir: A Biography of David Douglas, Botanist. By Athelstan George Harvey. 9x6. Pp. x+290. Bibliography. 7 illustrations. 4 maps. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1947. London: Geoffrey Cumberlege. $4.00, or 22s.

Arabian Days: An Autobiography. By H. St. J. B. Philby. 9 1/2 x 6. Pp. xvi+336. 52 illustrations. London: Robert Hale Ltd., 1948. 21s.

In Memory of J. M. Shokalsky. Edited by I. J. Krachovsky. 10 x 6 1/2. Pp. 375. 30 illustrations. Bibliography. Moscow and Leningrad: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 1946. 38 roubles.

Mariner of the North: Captain Bob Bartlett. By George Palmer Putnam. Pp. x+246. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce Inc., 1947. $3.50.

EDUCATIONAL

This is Kenya. 5 x 7 1/4. Pp. 112. 104 photographs. Nairobi: The Kenya Information Office, 1947. 2s.

GENERAL

Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch. By Richard Foster Flint. 9x6. Pp. xviii+589. 88 figs. 6 plates. Bibliography. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd., 1947. $6.00, or 36s.

Plough and Pasture. By E. Cecil Curwen. 7 1/2 x 5. Pp. iii+122. 21 figs. 14 plates. Past and Present, Vol. 4. London: The Cobbett Press, 1946. 7s 6d.

Revolution of Environment. By E. A. Gutkind. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. ix+454. 60 figs. 74 plates. 3 maps. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co. Ltd., 1946. 30s.

World Words: Recommended Pronunciations. By W. Cabell Greet. 9 1/2 x 6. Pp. liii+608. New York: Columbia University Press, by arrangement with the Columbia Broadcasting System. Second edition, revised and enlarged, 1948. London: Geoffrey Cumberlege. $6.75, or 37s 6d.

Compass of the World: A Symposium on Political Geography. Edited by Hans W. Weigert and Vilhjalmur Stefansson. 8+5$. Pp. xvi+466. 39 figs., with maps by Richard E. Harrison. London: George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd.,1946. 15s.

British Sources of References and Information: A Guide to Societies, Works of Reference, and Libraries. Edited by Theodore Besterman. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. ix+56. London: Aslib (for the British Council), 1947. 6s, or 5s to Aslib members.

Britain and Her Export Trade. Edited by Mark Abrams. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp. 329. London: Pilot Press Ltd., 1946. 15s.

A Book of Voyages. Edited by Patrick O'Brian. 8 1/2 x 5 1/2. Pp.274. Decorations by Joan Burton. London: Home and Van Thai Ltd., 1947. 15s.

Portuguese Voyages, 1408–1663. Edited by Charles David Ley. 6 3/4 x 4 1/4. Pp. xxii+360. Everyman's Library, No. 986. London: J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1947. New York: E. P. Dutton and Co. Inc. 4s 6d.

A Book of Recent Exploration. By Charles E. Key, M.A., F.R.G.S. 7 1/4 x 5 1/4. Pp.233. 13 illustrations. 11 sketch maps. London: George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1946. 8s 6d.

MAPS AND ATLASES

The "Contour” Road Book of Scotland. By Harry R. G. Inglis, F.R.S.G.S. Revised and extended by R. M. G. Inglis. 6x3 1/2. Pp. xvi+288. 500 maps and plans. Edinburgh: Gall and Inglis. Twentieth Revision, n.d.

Norway in Maps. By Tore Sund and Axel Sømme. 10 x 7 1/2. A. Text‐Volume. Pp. 96. B. Sketch Maps and Photographs. Pp. 52. 82 figs. C. Maps (Norges Geografiske Opmaling). Index map (1: 2,800,000). 19 maps (1: 200,000). Skrifter fra Norges Handelsheyskole i Rekken Geografiske Avhandlinger, Nos. 1–2. Bergen: A. S.John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1947.

Kleine geologische Overzichtskaart van Nederland op de Schaal 1:600,000. Geologische Stichting, Afdeling Geologische Kaart. Explanatory text, and summary in English. 11 1/4 x 8. Pp. 16. Map: 22 1/4 x 19 1/2. The Hague: Staatsdrukkerij, 1947.

Maly Atlas Polski [Little Atlas of Poland], Edited by Jerzy Kondracki. 8 x 12 1/4. 28 maps in colour. Warsaw: G16wny Urzad Pomiarow Krajy [Head Office . of Survey], 1947.     

The economic impact of the Australia–US free trade agreement

The Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) came into effect in 2005. It was the second preferential trade agreement that Australia signed, after its agreement with Singapore, and marked a departure from the primacy of Australia's previous trade policy of unilateral and multilateral trade liberalisation toward preferential liberalisation. This paper assesses the economic effects of AUSFTA by applying the Productivity Commission's gravity model of trade from its Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements review. The evidence reveals AUSFTA resulted in a fall in Australian and US trade with the rest of the world—that the agreement led to trade diversion. Estimates also show that AUSFTA is associated with a reduction in trade between Australia and the United States.     

The glacial palagonite‐formation of Iceland

EUROPE.

Vagabond's Way. By Nancy Price. London: John Murray, 1914. Price 6s. net.

Insulae Britannicae. By Arthur William Whatmore. London: Elliot Stock, 1913. Price 30s. net.

La Finlande aux Mille Lacs. By Jules Leclercq. With 16 Illustrations and Map. Paris: Plon‐Nourrit et Cie, 1914. Price 4 frs.

Stanford's Geological Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland. With Plates of characteristic Fossils. By Horace B. Woodward. Third Edition. London: Edward Stanford, 1914. Price 12s. 6d. net.

Things Seen in Oxford. By Norman J. Davidson. London: Seeley, Service and Co., 1914. Price 2s. net

The Survey Gazetteer of the British Isles. Edited by J. G. Bartholomew. With Appendices and Atlas. Edinburgh: John Bartholomew and Co., 1914. Price 15s. net.

Northumberland, Yesterday and To‐day. By Jean F. Terry, LL.A. (St. Andrews). Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne: Andrew Eeid and Company, Limited, 1913. Price 1s. 6d. net.

Boman Memories. By Thomas Spencer Jerome. London: Mills and Boon, Ltd., 1914. Price 7s. 6d. net.

Siciliana. By Ferdinand Gregovorius. Translated from the German by Mrs. Gustavus W. Hamilton. London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., 1914. Price 5s. net.

Rouen: étude d'une Agglomération Urbaine. By J. Levainville, Docteur de l'Université de Bordeaux. Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1913. Price 7 fr. 50.

Engadine Year Book, 1914. Compiled by William W. Barton. London: Siegle and Co. Price 2s. 6d.

Islands Grösster Vulkan: Die Dyngjufjöll mit der Askja. Von Dr. Hans Spethmann. Leipzig: Veit u. Co., 1913. Price 6 M.

Die Riviera. Von Alban Voigt. (Junk's Natur‐Führer.) Berlin: W. Junk, 1914. Preis 6 marks.

ASIA.

Cathay and the Way Thither. New edition, edited by Henri Cordier, D.Litt., Hon. M.R.A.S., Hon. Cor. M.R.G.S., Hon. F.R.S.L. Vol. ii. Odoric of Por‐denone. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1913.

AFRICA.

A Historical Geography of the British Colonies. By Sir C. P. Lucas. Vol. iii. West Africa. Third Edition. Revised to the end of 1912 by A. Berriedale Keith, D.C.L. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1913. Price 8s. 6d.

A Historical Geography of the British Colonies. Vol. iv. South Africa. New Edition. Part iii. Geographical. Revised by A. Berriedale Keith. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1913.

My Somali Book: A Record of Two Shooting Trips. By Captain A. H. E. Mosse, F.Z.S., Indian Army. Illustrated by Lieut. D. D. Haskard, R.A. With an Introduction by Col. H. G. C. Swayne, R.E., F.Z.S. London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company, Ltd., 1913.

AMERICA.

Scots in Canada. By John Murray Gibbon. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., Ltd., 1911. Price 1s.

Canada To‐Day, 1913. London: Published for the “Canada” Newspaper Company, Ltd. Price 2s. net.

To the River Plate and Back: The Narrative of a Scientific Mission to South America, with Observations upon things seen and suggested. By W. J. Holland, Sc.D., LL.D. (St. Andrews), etc. etc., author of The Butterfly Book, etc. With eight Plates in Colour from drawings by the author, and seventy‐eight other Illustrations. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, The Knickerbocker Press, 1913. Price 15s. net.

Forty Years in Brazil. By Frank Bennett. London: Mills and Boon, Limited, 1914. Price 10s. 6d. net.

Heaton's Annual: The Commercial Handbook of Canada and Board of Trade Register. Tenth Year, 1914. Edited by Ernest Heaton, B.A., and J. Beverley Robinson. Toronto: Heaton's Agency. British Edition. Price 5s.

AUSTRALASIA.

Democracy in New Zealand. Translated from the French of André; Siegfried by E. V. Burns. London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., 1914. Price 6s. net.

GENERAL.

Essays and Studies presented to William Bidgeway, Sc.D., LL.D. (Aberdeen), Litt.D. (Dublin and Manchester), F.R.S. Edited by E. C. Quiggin, M.A. Ph.D., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College. Cambridge: At the University Press, 1913. Price 25s. net.

Egypt and the Sudan: Handbook for Travellers. Seventh remodelled edition. Price 15s. net.

Southern France, including Corsica. Sixth revised edition. Price 8s. net. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914.

Camp‐Fire Tarns of the Lost Legion. By Colonel G. Hamilton‐Browne ("Maori Browne"), late Commandant in Colonial Forces. London: T. Werner Laurie, Limited, 1913. Price 12s. 6d. net.

EDUCATIONAL.

A New Geography of the Indian Empire and Ceylon, By Cameron Morrison, M.A., LL.B. London: Thos. Nelson and Sons, 1913. Price One Rupee net.

The Atlas Geographies.—Part iii. Senior Geography. No. 4.—Africa. By Thos. Franklin, A.C.P., A.R.S.G.S., and E. D. Griffiths, B.Sc., F.R.G.S., F.C.S. Edinburgh and London: W. and A. K. Johnston, Ltd., 1914. Price 1s. 6d. net.

A Junior Geography of the World. By B. C. Wallis, B.Sc. (Lond.), F.R.G.S. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1913. Price 2s. 6d.

A Geography of the British Empire. By W. L. Bunting, M.A., and H. L. Collen, M.A. Cambridge: The University Press, 1913. Price 3s. 6d.

Senior Geography of Asia. Senior Geography of N. America. By S. C. Fry. (From Text‐book of Geography.) London: W. B. Clive, 1913. Price 1s. each.     

The Dissolution of a Monetary Union: The Case of Malaysia and Singapore 1963–1974

The abrupt separation of Singapore and Malaysia in 1965 set these two states on separate political trajectories, but the economic ties proved more difficult to untangle. This article explores the nine years of transition required to complete the separation of the monetary systems of the two territories based on new archival evidence. It argues that, while socio-political hostility raged between the two partners, common economic interests prolonged an intimate monetary relationship that extended the interdependence of the two states for many years beyond their formal separation.