FIEL DWORK ON THE ORIGIN OF THE SHARPA IN DRENTHANG

<正>Drenthang is the favorite child of her mother.The Himalayan Mountains wrap her with layers of deep valleys in the southeast.For a long time,due to its location,Drenthang has existed as"an isolated island"and was blocked from the outside culture since its liberation.Having been developed in such unique geographical conditions,the Sharpa     

关于摇钱树起源及内涵的研究

“摇钱树”一词,最早见于明冯梦龙的《警世通言》三二卷“杜十娘怒沉百宝箱”一文中。作为一个考古学名词,是我国著名考古学家冯汉骥先生,在四十年代对彭山汉代崖墓出土的一种随葬器物,进行研究后提出来的。六十年代,于豪亮先生《“钱树”“钱树座”和鱼龙漫衍之戏》一文在《文物》杂志上发表后,这一称谓便为考古学界所接受。     

THE ONTOLOGY OF CAPITAL: ON THE SHARED METHODOLOGICAL LIMITS OF MODERNIZATION THEORY AND ITS CRITICS

This article argues that critical scholarship in historical studies has not overcome the methodological limits of modernization theory for failing to question the ontological principles that construct its object of analysis. I call these principles the “ontology of capital” and explicate them through Bourdieu's conceptualization of the field and capital. I argue that this ontology is established according to a distribution model in which social entities come into the analysis with the amount and value of the capital they hold. This model grasps all social relations in the form of competition, and actors and actions enter into the analysis only when they are involved in such relations. I then analyze Bernard Lewis's The Emergence of Modern Turkey, which is written explicitly from a modernization perspective, to show how the principles of the “ontology of capital” operate in this text. The analysis focuses on how sociohistorical facts are constructed through selection and articulation of empirical evidence that become meaningful only on the basis of this ontology. The aim of this analysis is to show the ontology of capital that constructs the object of analysis in Lewis's text rather than the Eurocentric, teleological, and elitist character of his analysis of history that critics in recent decades have addressed as problems of the modernization paradigm. Based on this, I argue that for a productive critical approach, relational analysis, which characterizes critical scholarship in contrast to essentialism, also has to consider the ontological principles in a historical work to overcome methodological limits. The failure to interrogate this ontology leads to an analytical separation in critical scholarship between the analysis of historical reality and of alternatives to this reality. This separation not only produces a dehistoricized analysis of the present from a critical perspective, but also turns the alternatives into utopian models.     

THE HISTORY OF SEXUALITY: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF THE FIELD

In this concise volume, Jeffrey Weeks traces the development of the history of sexuality from its earliest days, more than a century ago, to the present. He identifies dominant themes and subject matter as well as analyzing and commenting upon some of the key theoretical frameworks that have driven this scholarly endeavor. He devotes special attention to LGBT history, to histories of gender, power, and sexuality, and to globalization and the transnational turn in historical writing. He gives attention to the tensions that have often existed between a community‐based activist history produced from within the LGBT community and the history produced within the academy. Finally, he considers the degree to which sexual history has been mainstreamed and the dangers and the value of that process.     

FROM COMPLEXITY TO SIMPLICITY: MORE ON POLICY THEORY AND THE ARENAS OF POWER

相似文献   

对“华东野战军军用流通券”的考证

20 0 1年春季 ,在北京报国寺钱币交流会上展出一枚“中国人民解放军华东野战军军用流通券” (以下简称“华野流通券”)1 0 0元券 (插三下 )。据介绍该券发现于山西黎城、左权一带。随后 ,在 2 0 0 1年 5月2 9日举办的“中国革命博物馆馆藏中国人民货币展”上也展出了一枚“华东野战军军用流通券” 2 0 0元券。据报道 ,在山西省太谷县孔祥熙宅院博物馆展有“华东野战军军用流通券” 1 0 0元券四连版。既然“华野流通券”有实物存在 ,为何几十年来文物界、钱币界、收藏界及党史界从未报道过此事 ?它是一种什么货币 ,由谁发行 ,背景如何 ?带着…     

基于手段—目的理论的人本化旅游解说系统构建

国外发达国家20世纪70年代进入后工业化阶段以来,城市居民收入与消费文化的改变,引起旅游需求及行为的转变,旅游活动过程中参与程度普遍提高.在此背景下,旅游者对旅游地解说服务的要求也呈现一种新趋势,要求旅游区管理者能够针对不同的旅游者提供相应的解说服务类型与项目,以提高旅游者的亲身体验.由于我国旅游业的发展历程较短以及发展阶段的相对滞后性,当前国内学者对该领域的关注较少.本文尝试性的以人本主义的理念为线索,借用手段一目的理论的基本内容,在当前生态环境原始类旅游地背景的基础上,通过对旅游者旅游价值体现与解说系统构成的关系分析,试图总结出针对不同类型旅游活动的旅游解说系统构建模式,以期丰富旅游规划的基础理念.     

THE LOCATION THEORY OF THE PLANTATION*

ABSTRACT This paper develops a method for studying noninfinitesimal operational units, with the Thünen location and land use model. With constant returns to scale and perfect divisibility of nonland inputs, all operational units would occupy only a point on the landscape. The present model uses increasing returns to scale to generate large operational units, called “plantations” and studies the comparative statics. The setting of the model is an agricultural operation in which some processing of raw crop must be conducted prior to shipment to market. The processing is assumed to have increasing returns to scale.