Les critères de la radicalité en question : Le cas Poulain de la Barre

Early modern radicalism and its criteria are described and defined by Jonathan Israel in various works. Poulain de la Barre, one of the first modern feminist thinkers, first is used by Israel as an example of the so-called radical Enlightenment and finally is rejected as such. This case study exhibed the necessity of questionning the coherence of the required criteria for defining a « radical » thinker, especially when examinating carefully the last paragraph of Spinoza’s Political Treatise.     

Des Professionnels de la Chaire dans la France de L’?ge Classique

Starting in the 1630s, in French towns, the rise of sermons gave an increasing group of clerics the possibility to become preachers. This article analyses this process of professionalization. First, it takes a look at a number of long - and sometimes quite profitable - careers of men as preachers. Second, it analyzes the know-how that was then developed for to make and recite the sermon. Finally, the article focuses on the transformations brought about by the increasing importance of written communication during the 18(th) century.     

Le Texte et le corps: la pensée dialectique de Diderot dans Le Supplément au voyage de Bougainville

By using a dialogical method in Le Supplément au voyage de Bougainville (1772), Diderot contrasts two places: the civilized European world and the primitive island of Tahiti. The dialogical structure of his work entails a questioning of the concept of libertinage through the theme of the corporeal. Indeed, the dialectical method he employs in the text unifies his vision on what the body represents. This work will demonstrate that for Diderot the body can be defined as three entities: the text, the physical, and the social. All these three categories are intertwined for him. Using them as a leitmotiv enables him to call into question the moral and social conventions of his own country.     

Le Marché au Cœur de L’Invention Muséale?

Before Vivant Denon, the dealer Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Lebrun played a crucial role in the creation of the Louvre collections, despite the revolutionary discourse which opposed the market to the museum. Lebrun's position as a polemicist is interpreted here as a strategy of self-presentation which made possible the controversial birth of the figure of the museum expert. With Lebrun, the Louvre imposed itself as a public space of artistic expertise, where values imported from the market - such as attributionism, materiality, and authenticity - became prominent in the evaluation of paintings.     

Le gouvernement de la loi est-il un thème républicain?

Liberty is submission only to laws. This idea, according to Turgot, is a very republican one, and it belongs indeed to the classical republican tradition. It is, nonetheless, a mostly modern idea, not necessarily a republican one. It appears in the criticism of absolute monarchy: the importance of making the law is granted, but that anybody could be above the laws is rejected. For Montesquieu, moderate monarchy is the rule of law, of standing laws which provide the individual action with the conditions its rationality requires. But Rousseau makes a republican system of the rule of law, by identifying self-government and autonomy. By linking liberty and law, he stresses the political existence of liberty: since Turgot, it has been objected, inside liberalism, that such a political device jeopardizes natural rights.     

Vers une histoire de la mémoire sportive en France ? Cadres théoriques et éléments d’analyse

The main objectives of this article are to highlight memory as a phenomenon in the field of sport, to determine its content and to understand the dynamics that governed it during the twentieth century. Memory and its socio-historical study are two growing dimensions of the postmodern era, while sport, structured by industrial societies, has shaped modes of representation, notably since the second half of the century. Through the link between sport and society, the spatial and temporal considerations as well as the reconfiguration of social frameworks, we will therefore reveal the existence and emergence of memory as a vital element of the contemporary sporting sphere. From this analysis, we will also put forward a first assessment of existing uses of sporting memory: between historical legitimacy and patrimonialisation.