陈云与马克思主义理论学习

陈云的一生,是倡导学习马克思主义理论的一生。他认为,加强理论学习,是党在思想上的基本建设,是无产阶级政党的历史责任,是体现党的阶级性和先进性的必然要求;对于共产党人树立为共产主义而奋斗的信念具有重要意义;是党领导革命、建设和改革的客观需要;尤其是学习哲学,是掌握科学的思想方法和工作方法、制定党的路线方针和政策、指导具体的革命工作和防止经验主义与教条主义的基础条件。学习马克思主义,要坚持学习理论与指导实践、学习马列主义基本原理与发展马列主义、学习马克思主义与学习其他理论和文化知识的辩证统一。     

传播学对马克思主义思想的传承脉络梳理2——结构主义马克思主义到霸权争夺

马克思主义政治经济学思想对传播学的影响非常深远。法兰克福学派、传播政治经济学、霸权理论、意识形态国家机器理论、文化研究学派都受到了马克思主义政治经济学的影响。本文主要探寻了阿尔都塞的意识形态理论与葛兰西的霸权理论对马克思主义政治经济学的思想传承与发展,认为阿尔都塞的多元结构决定论观点继承与发展了马克思主义,被称为“结构主义的马克思主义”霸权理论则出现了突破马克思主义政治经济学的二元框架的萌芽,因此被称为“新马克思主义”。     

继承与创新——谈在方志工作中坚持先进文化的前进方向

江泽民同志《在庆祝中国共产党八十周年大会上的讲话》以“三个代表”的思想,概括了我们党80年的奋斗业绩和历史经验,发展了马克思主义理论,对党的建设和党的事业提出了新的要求。“三个代表”思想是辩证统一的整体,先进生产力是基础和前提,先进文化是灵魂和旗帜,最广大人民的根本利益是主体和目的。生产力和生产     

邓小平新时期领导思想初探

邓小平新时期领导思想是建设有中国特色社会主义理论的重要组成部分。研究这一思想,对于我们从领导科学角度掌握建设有中国特色社会主义理论,提高领导水平,具有重要的理论和实践意义。 一、邓小平新时期领导思想的形成 (一)邓小平新时期领导思想形成的理论基础是马列主义、毛泽东思想。 首先,邓小平在新的历史时期始终坚持“马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想是我们党的指导思想”,强调要完整准确地理解毛泽东思想,“掌握和运用毛泽东思想的体系来指导我们各项工作”。其次,邓小平坚持把马克思主义基本原理同我国具体实际和时代特征相结合,创立和发展了建设有中国特色社会主义理论,揭示了我国社会主义现代化建设的规律,第一次比较系统地初步回答了在我国如何建设、巩固和发展社会主义的一系列基本问题,继承和发展了马克思主义,是当代中国的马克思主义。再次,邓小平继承和发展了毛泽东思想。对毛泽东思想的三个基本方面,既忠实地继承,又有创造性发展。突出了解放思想,发展了实事求是的思想。强调坚持解放思想和实事求是的辩证统一;突出了民主与法制,发展了群众路线的思想。强调从制度方面解决问题,健全社会主     

生态马克思主义是当代马克思主义哲学发展的新形态——兼论生态马克思主义与西方马克思主义之间关系的三种主张

在生态马克思主义与西方马克思主义的关系上,存在三种不同的观点：生态马克思主义是一种“后现代马克思主义”;生态马克思主义是西方马克思主义的一个分支;生态马克思主义是当代一种新的马克思主义哲学形态。笔者认为,从地域性、理论主题和世代性三个方面来理解,生态马克思主义是一定程度上继承了西方马克思主义传统的一种当代马克思主义哲学发展的新的理论形态,即或是仅就“世代性”脉络来考察,生态马克思主义仍然是当代发展的一种新的马克思主义哲学形态。     

论建设有中国特色社会主义理论的哲学依据

邓小平哲学思想是马克思主义基本原理与当代中国实际紧密结合的哲学总结和辩证概括,是建设有中国特色社会主义理论的精髓。邓小平哲学思想内容极为丰富,集中体现在他对“解放思想、实事求是”的新概括。这一概括从马克思主义认识角度揭示了解放思想与实事求是的辩证统一关系,二者共同构成马克思主义思想路线不可分割的统一整体。 一、实事求是是邓小平特色理论的哲学基础 邓小平曾说过:“比较实际地说,我是实事求是派”。这是他政治观点的公开写照,也是他思维方式的核心所在。他突破了传统思维模式,独辟蹊径地为探索中国特色的社会主义提供了新思路,体现了唯物主义和辩证法的统一。他不仅提倡实事求是的精神,更重要的是身体力行,为我们党实事求是思想路线的坚持和发展,树立了光辉典范。可以说,邓小平的立场、观点和方法是统一的,统一于“实事求是”这四个大字。 众所周知,实事求是是我党的思想路线。思想路线问题,实际上是一个哲学问题,是一个世界观、方法论问题。恩格斯说过,我们党有了很大的优点,就是有一个新的科学的世界观作为理论基础的。这个新的科学世界观,就是马克思主义哲学——辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义。它是整个马克思主义学说的理论基础,是无产阶级政党制定正确     

论周恩来的“三农”一体总体发展思想

周恩来在领导和主持20多年的国民经济工作中,凡安排农业或谈到农村问题时,总是把农业、农村、农民融为一体来考虑,即“三农”一体的总体发展思想。这一思想,是对马克思主义的辩证统一思想方法论和扩大再生产原理的具体运用,反映了社会主义大农业发展的客观规律,是毛泽东思想的重要组成部分。     

邓小平对马克思主义史学理论及国史研究的贡献

邓小平在指导中国社会主义建设过程中,不仅批判“四人帮”极“左”思潮,还马克思主义史学理论以本来面目,还用马克思主义史学理论指导研究国史,创造性地提出了研究国史的理论、原则和方法,为当代马克思主义史学发展和国史研究提供了思想武器。     

“历史理论”一词在中国语境中的使用及其意义

“历史理论”一词在中国语境中的使用仍存在混乱情形,潜在地制约着中国历史理论研究的发展。从历史上看,宋明时期逐渐出现了双音节词“理论”与“历史”,尚无“历史理论”;“历史理论”一词在近代由西方传入中国,并在当时中国的社会形势下凸显出该词所具有的马克思主义内涵;新中国成立后至今,在建设马克思列宁主义历史科学、史学改革、继承我国史学优秀遗产、正确解读经典等问题意识的推动下,“历史理论”概念的内涵得到深度探讨。“历史理论”是在近代中国树立的一个以马克思主义为主要内涵而不断中国化的外来概念。     

面向新世纪的史学理论研究——第12届全国史学理论研讨会综述

2005年8月23日至26日,第12届全国史学理论研讨会在云南昆明召开。这次会议由中国史学会史学理论分会、中国社会科学院史学理论研究中心、中国社会科学院《史学理论研究》编辑部与云南大学历史文化学院及西南边疆少数民族研究中心联合主办。来自全国各地的近六十位史学理论工作者参加了研讨会,收到参会学者论文及摘要近五十份,会议围绕“马克思主义历史理论和史学理论”、“中国马克思主义史学的发展”、“中外史学理论与方法的发展”和“西方史学流派及其理论特征”等主题展开了热烈的讨论。现将会议讨论的丰兽学术观点综诛加下。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.