百年来先秦史官研究述评

史官研究一直是中国古代史学史研究的一个重要方面 ,其中又以先秦史官为研究对象的专著和论文数量最多。本文就这些成果 ,对百年来先秦史官的研究做一简要的回顾。近百年来的先秦史官研究中 ,梁启超是开山人物 ,他对中国古代史官的认识主要集中在《中国历史研究法》第二章《过去中国之史学界》。在这一章中 ,梁氏首先指出中国于各种学问中惟史学最为发达 ,“史官建置之早与职责之崇 ,亦其一因也”。关于史官建置沿革 ,他认为最晚在殷代已有史官 ,并指出古代史官是一社会最高学府 ,其职不惟作史 ,也是王侯公卿的顾问。出现这一现象的原因是 ,…     

先秦史官与史学

本文认为先秦史官职责的演变经历三个阶段 :夏商史官基本特征是充当沟通天人的使者 ,宗教性明显 ;周史官基本特征是以“官”的角色定位而行使历史官之史的职责 ;春秋晚期至战国史官 ,带有许多士文化的特征。先秦史官历史演变是决定中国早期史学发展的重要条件。     

从“史官史学”走向“史家史学”：当代中国历史学家角色的转换

从“史官史学”走向“史家史学”：当代中国历史学家角色的转换姜义华中国史学有着悠久的历史,体裁多样,内容丰富,而且从未中断过。一个重要的原因就是由国家任命史官、组织史馆、编纂史书、记述史事,使史学的延续与发展有了可靠的保证。西周已有太史等史官。宋代史官...     

郭沫若史学成就举要

论及郭沫若的史学成就,理所当然地要首先列举他那部开风气之先的、里程碑式的名著《中国古代社会研究》。因为这部最早以马克思主义的立场、观点和方法为指导,系统研究中国古代社会的划时代的史学著作,为中国马克思主义史学的建立和发展,奠定了崭新的格局,开创了科学的章法,提供了成功的范例。在中国史学发展的历史长河中,它有充分的理由同被郑樵誉为“百代以下,史官不能易其法,学者不能舍其书     

十六国北朝的史官制度与史学发展

十六国北朝时期史官制度的发展,有力地推动了史学的发展。这同当时的史官制度和史学发展两者之间有着比较有效的互动关系是分不开的。它主要体现在以起居注为主要内容的史料工作的规范化,国史编撰制度的初步确立,以及史官职掌和良史意识的有机结合等方面。     

中国古代史学起源新论

学术界将远古神话与殷周史官和牍纳入史学的“童年说”、“草创说”、“萌芽说”。笔认为，商周及其以前的神话传说和字资料只能说是先人无意识地为后人留下了珍贵史料，殷周史官不可佩上史学工作的标签，其所录的“官书”也不能拔高到史的地位，只是到了西周晚期至迟在公元前841年，周室及各国史官已开始有意识地记录时事，编排国史。他们从最初那种单纯的宗教神官和“掌官书以赞治”的宝座上渐渐地转轨到后世意义的史官位置上，开始将眼光投向历史，为史而作书，中国古代的史学当于此时萌芽。公元前841年的共和纪年，应是史学孕足而娩的重要标志。     

设馆修史与中华文化的传承

一、中国史学发展的两大途径中华民族是历史意识发达的民族。相传夏代有史官终古 ,殷代有史官向挚。西周以后 ,见于典籍记载的著名史官便代不乏人。如宗周有史官史佚、周任、史伯、内史过等 ,春秋时期 ,晋有史臣董狐 ,齐有太史南史 ,《周礼·春官·序官》载有太史、小史、内史、外史、御史之职。古代的著名经典《尚书》是最早的官方历史文献的汇集。春秋时期有“百国春秋” ,见于《墨子·非命中》篇。为孟子所称道的晋之《乘》 ,楚之《杌》 ,鲁之《春秋》 ,即是各国史书中之尤为著名者。再其后 ,《竹书纪年》是战国后期魏国史官撰成的编年…     

我国古代的史官制度

用一套严格的史官制度,以保证史事的连绵不断的记注和撰述,这是我国古代史学—个极为重要的特点和传统。史官制度在我国起源很早。《世本·作篇》说:“沮诵、仓颉作书。”宋衷注日:“黄帝之世,始立史官、沮诵、仓颉居其职。”这说明,在我国,打从文字一产生,便有了以记事为职的史官。殷代的甲骨文中,有“乍册”、“史”等字样,而刻甲骨文的“贞人”,也就是那时的史官。周代的史官,有大史、小史、内史、外史、左史、右史等名目。不仅周天子的中央王朝有史     

浅谈曹魏时期的史官制度

曹魏时期的史学是中国史学重要的组成部分,这个时期史官制度也发生了重大的变化。本篇论文将通过追溯曹魏时期中书省和著作郎的渊源以及修史官员的基本状况,从而说明这一时期史官与天官分离和以他官兼领的史官的两大特点。     

史学理论研究2003年1—4期(总45—48期)总目录

一、论　　文如何在文化交流中进行文化比较[德 ]约恩·吕森 ;郭健译 (2 0 0 3 1- 2 2 )…………后殖民理论与基督教在华传教史研究王立新 (2 0 0 3 1- 31)………………………试析罗马早期平民的身份地位胡玉娟 (2 0 0 3 1- 38)………………………………“不知宋学 ,则无以评汉宋之是非”———钱穆与清代学术史研究陈　勇 (2 0 0 3 1- 4 8)……………………………春秋战国时期史官职责与史学传统林晓平 (2 0 0 3 1- 5 9)…………………………2 0世纪 2 0年代中国史学界对历史的认识刘俐娜 (2 0 0 3 1- 70 )…………………论历史理性在古代…     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.