二宫尊德“分度伦理”的社会文化基础

二宫尊德是日本德川时代后期的农民思想家,在农村复兴实践的过程中,创造了独具特色的报德思想。其中的“分度伦理”的主张是实践报德之道的重要保证,是农民生活长泰久安的基本法则,也是报德仕法的基础性存在。二宫尊德在日本获得了极高的社会认同,除了其勤奋简朴的形象之外,他的报德思想中所涵盖的伦理观符合日本社会的精神结构,接近日本人的文化心理,应该是一个不容忽视的因素。     

The Mothers of South African Anthropology

The role of women in academia is a topic that has been routinely overlooked in previous decades. This review article discusses the contributions of three recent monographs that are attempting to correct this tendency, Inside African Anthropology: Monica Wilson and Her Interpreters, Dorothea Bleek: A Life of Scholarship, and Pioneers of the Field: South Africa’s Women Anthropologists. These works have helped not only to begin dialogues about the fundamental efforts of female anthropologists in shaping South African intellectual history and anthropology, but also to show how this greater clarity is necessary to finally correct some of the lingering imbalance that remains from prior draconian racial rhetoric.     

人类学对考古学的启迪

近些年来,考古学界开始反思过去,认识到单纯地将考古发掘遗物简单罗列起来存在着很大的不足,提出了考古学的意义在于重现当时社会生活,还历史的本来面目。这是一次重大转变,因为传统的考古学凭借其来源于生物学和地质学的类型学和地层学方法在积累实物材料方面做出重大成绩的同时,在如何实现重现当时社会历史生活原貌的考古学意义方面存在着局限性。传统的考古学是设在历史学科下,它承继其严谨治学之长,又沿袭其“静态”固守之短。随着社会发展对学科意义深化的需要,传统的考古学体系正寻求着突破与完善。许多先行者很早就意识到并…     

Anthropology of women: The natural history stage

Carolyn J. Matthiasson, ed. Many Sisters: Women in Cross‐Cultural Perspective. New York: The Free Press, 1974. xxi + 433 pp. Illustrations, maps, figures, bibliography, and index. $15.00

Yolanda Murphy and Robert F. Murphy. Women of the Forest. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974. xii + 236 pp. Maps, bibliography, and index. $10.00 (cloth); $3.45 (paper).     

Jack Goody: The Anthropology of Unequal Society

In almost four decades Jack Goody has published a score of books seeking to explain the divergence of Africa from the Eurasian continent, and latterly to refute historical claims of western superiority to Asia. Since the millennium, he has sought to clarify his own vision of modern capitalism at a time when western hegemony is coming under pressure from globalization. Yet this achievement has not received the recognition from anthropologists that it deserves. This article, in reviewing six books published during the last decade, makes a case for reassessing Goody's project from the mid-1970s until now. It singles out two books for special attention, The Theft of History and his latest volume, Metals, Culture and Capitalism. A consistent theme of his recent work is to juxtapose his own account of the history of western capitalism with those of Marx, Weber and other writers in the classical tradition of social theory. Jack Goody remains to this day an anthropologist whose sensibility was formed by long-term ethnographic fieldwork. But he knew that, if he aspired to throw light on the human predicament as a whole, he would have to become a world historian too.     

Anthropology of childhood

Beatrice B. Whiting and John W. M. Whiting. Children of Six Cultures: A Psycho‐Cultural Analysis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975. xiv + 237 pp. Figures, tables, illustrations, appendices, bibliography and index. $10.00.     

Pop Anthropology,With Little Anthropology or Pop

Unlike other scientific fields, anthropology popularizations are as likely as not to be written by scientists who are not themselves experts in the subject. This is because the subject, the scientific knowledge of our origin and patterns of bio-cultural diversity—or more broadly, who we are and where we come from—is the source of our culturally authoritative origin myths, and consequently of broad general interest in and of itself. But anthropology popularizations come with the responsibility not only to get the facts and theory correct, but as well to understand the history and embedded politics in the stories themselves.     

Anthropology of mutualism

What might anthropology offer to our understanding of mutualistic relations? In making sense of these interspecies interactions, which, despite some costs, are ultimately beneficial to each partner species, zoological approaches operate at the level of populations on an adaptive scale. Anthropologists bring focus on individual actors and their subjective experiences within far more condensed temporospatial ethnographic timescales. This guest editorial brings a multispecies anthropological approach into dialogue with zoological understandings of mutualism. It examines the practical and theoretical potential of mutuality to make sense of relations of domestication. Materialistic profit and market-oriented forms of engagement in the domestic sphere are often detrimental to more-than-human communities. The persistence of different kinds of mutual co-existences, as shown in different forms of care of orphaned animals in Mongolia, Pakistan and Australia, offers an alternative and perhaps more hopeful model of more-than-human engagement in the Anthropocene.     

人类学的技艺

今天我们看到的社会科学乃是舶来品,是从西方知识体系中生长出来的。直到启蒙哲学时期,社会科学并没有剥离出来,我们能见到的还只是一些虽然睿智但却是大而化之的论述。“到19世纪初,科学终于     

The Anthropology of Virtual Worlds: World of Warcraft

Three recent ethnographies of the well-known massively multiplayer online game World of Warcraft demonstrate the health and vitality of the study of virtual worlds. In particular, they emphasize the importance of anthropologists reading ethnographic work done by researchers in other disciplines, and by connoisseurs and cultural practitioners of video games who deserve to be taken as intellectual interlocutors. It may be, however, that less and less work will be done on virtual worlds in the future as scholarly attention focuses on other, more novel forms of technology.