祭祀仪式“反结构”的“不完整倒置性”——基于上果村壮族“祭太阳”仪式的讨论

云南西畴县上果村壮族"祭太阳"仪式在"反结构"阈限期内具有"不完整倒置性"现象。在上果村的传统文化和村民生活结构中,"祭太阳"仪式的"反结构"具有生活的逻辑性和合理性。"祭太阳"仪式中男性与女性"不完整倒置"的反结构现象蕴涵了上果村传统地方知识、壮族两性文化和仪式结构功能共同支配下的稳定性与流动性。     

楚国青铜礼器组合研究

我国商周时期的青铜礼器数量大,种类丰富,制作精致,是华夏古文化的精华。在商周社会,礼器是贵族奴隶主在祭祀、宴享等重要的仪礼性活动中使用的一种器物。青铜礼器只有贵族才能使用,不同等级的贵族所使用的铜礼器的数量、种类、大小都有严格的区别。所以,铜礼器在奴隶社会是“明...     

汉画像石所见周礼遗俗

本文结合文献资料,具体考释了汉代画像石中的"孔子见老子"、"胡汉战争"、"投壶"等画像,认为这些画像所反映的献挚礼、献俘礼、投壶礼皆为周代遗俗.     

从青铜器铭文看周代的赐"膰"礼

一、关于赐膰礼的争论在周代,天子、诸侯祭后有赐胙的习俗。如《左传》载庄公二十三年,楚成王贡献于周惠王,天子赐胙。僖公九年,王使宰孔赐齐侯胙。     

Ritual and Politics: An Examination of the 1072 Primal Ancestor Debate in the Northern Song

In considering the vital role played by imperial rites in claiming political legitimacy and maintaining social stability, Chinese emperors endeavored to present themselves as the perfect model for their subjects in terms of ritual performance. Focusing on a Northern Song (960–1127) ritual debate over the placement of imperial ancestors’ spirit tablets and ancestral chambers, especially that of the Primal Ancestor, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of discussions on ancestral rituals and how they were intensified during the implementation of Wang Anshi’s New Policies. More importantly, this study reveals the differences between Song scholar-officials’ political positions and intellectual interests, thus providing a new interpretation of Song factionalism from the perspective of ritual politics.     

南宋进书仪探析——以圣政为例

南宋时,圣政修纂完毕后,须进呈皇帝和太上皇。在进呈过程中,宋廷制定了一套庄严肃穆而又极其烦琐的仪式。进呈皇帝之仪在皇帝和大臣处理日常政务的垂拱殿中完成。进呈给太上皇帝之仪在太上皇帝居所完成。在迎奉圣政和皇帝赴太上皇帝居所的环节中,秘书省道山堂和祥曦殿成为与进呈仪式紧密相关的空间。圣政的进呈仪式是由太上皇帝、皇帝、臣僚面向公众共同完成的两场表演,这种可视化表演具有浓厚的象征意义:对皇帝而言,是向天下臣民宣示自己总结和继承先朝的政治遗产,开启本朝的治道,并且以自身的实践教化臣民,传递"孝"的理念,倡导"孝";对臣僚而言,通过仪式表演,表达了他们致君"贤能"的愿望。圣政这种史籍的进书仪式为我们考察南宋官修史籍进书仪式提供了一个典型案例。     

殷墟出土青铜礼器铸型的制作工艺

前言作为商代晚期的都城,殷墟也是商代后期青铜铸造业最重要的基地,遗址内出土有大量陶范、芯、模,熔铜、盛铜器具,制范、铸后清理所用工具,以及相关的遗迹、遗物等。这些出土资料为我们了解殷墟青铜器生产的工艺流程,印证或是修正以往关于某些技术细节的猜测和假说,提供了重要的依据。     

清代瓷质祭礼器略论

本文通过对故宫博物院藏瓷器实物的考察,并结合《皇朝礼器图式》、《备物昭诚》等内府彩绘本清代典制书籍,考述了礼书记载的各式瓷质仿古礼器在乾隆时期确有生产,且嘉庆、道光、咸丰、同治、光绪朝都有补做。同时,因清代礼制规定国家诸祀和内廷诸祀的行礼场所和受祭对象不同,导致瓷质祭礼器的生产制度、造型与种类也有所差别。     

论徐州西汉乐舞俑的艺术特色

徐州地区出土的西汉乐舞陶俑,其造型采用大写意手法刻画舞俑的形体、动作、表情,同武俑不仅具有艺术的共性。还有细微的个性特征,生动地表现了汉乐舞艺术的时代风格。     

成物祈求或技术控制——青铜时代铸铜祭祀功能再析

在中国青铜时代的王都、诸侯国的都城遗址或区域中心,有大量的铸铜祭祀遗存被发现。以往对铸铜祭祀的功能分析多是基于后世文献的相关记载,认为"女性投炉"是确保铸铜能够顺利进行的一种成物祈求。然而从仪式化生产的角度来看,这一时期铸铜祭祀的成物祈求作用并不突出,铸铜祭祀本身可能和铸铜技术一样,作为重要的知识体系为统治阶层所掌控,成为其权力控制的一种方式。     

Rock Art and Ritual: An Archaeological Analysis of Rock Art in Arid Central Australia

Rock art researchers throughout the world have explicitly or implicitly invoked ritual as an activity associated with the production of rock art but the articulation between the structure and composition of rock art assemblages and ritual behaviour remains poorly understood. Anthropologist, Roy Rappaport (1999) argued that all ritual, whatever the content or focus, has a universal structure. We review this proposition in the context of ritual studies and propose a method aimed at assessing the potential for identifying ritual structure in rock art assemblages. We discuss an archaeological analysis undertaken on the rock art assemblages in arid Central Australia, which aimed at distinguishing such a ritual structure among engraved assemblages, likely to have a Pleistocene origin, as well as more recent painted, stencilled and drawn assemblages. This analysis, despite its limitations, provides the foundation for developing a model, which will enhance the understanding of the relationship between the production of rock art and ritual.     

汉代皇帝宗庙祭祖制度考论

西汉初,叔孙通采撷先秦古礼及秦制,确立汉朝皇帝宗庙祭祖制度。其中既不乏沿袭传统的因素,也混杂有当时不同地域的文化,还有出身于庶民阶层的汉统治者所熟稔的民间俗文化的因素。汉武帝以后,儒学在思想意识和社会生活领域中的主导地位逐渐确立。儒家若干典籍记载的所谓周代天子祭祖礼制,对汉代皇帝修订宗庙祭祖制度,产生了深刻的影响。不过,两汉时期皇帝宗庙祭祖制度,与儒家典籍的相关记载以及若干儒生的诠释相比,二者并不完全吻合,而是前者依据现实需要,对后者多有变通,由此导致制度本身时刻处于调整、变化的动态过程之中。     

殷墟青铜礼器铸造工艺研究综论

本文评述了与殷墟青铜礼器铸造工艺研究相关的技术史、考古学和艺术史文献,概述了殷墟治铸遗址的发现和研究状况,分析取得的认识和存在的局限,探讨了在技术演进、文化传播及治铸业的组织管理等方面值得深入的问题.     

从曲阳到浑源:北岳移祀过程补考

顺治十七年(1660年),自汉代以来就在直隶曲阳县举行的祭祀北岳礼改在山西浑源州举行。这次移祀事件有复杂的历史背景,首先五代之际北岳祭祀地点确实存在变化,其次至少金元之际就已经出现了浑源北岳说,到了明代弘治六年(1493年)马文升提出北岳移祀一事时,浑源北岳说无论是在以方志为代表的文本上,还是在实际的祭祀活动中都得到了延续和发展。     

Ritual Mutilation of Europeans on the Torres Strait Maritime Frontier

Passage through the Torres Strait during the late 18th and early 19th centuries was a dangerous exercise for European mariners. Apart from a maze of largely unmapped reefs, mariners had to negotiate passage through waters inhabited by resident Indigenous communities who had acquired a reputation for brutal attacks and cruel treatment of castaways. This paper explores circumstances behind the murder and mutilation of crew and passengers by Torres Strait Islanders from five ships attempting to transit the Strait – Shaw Hormuzear/Chesterfield (1793), Charles Eaton (1834), Thomas Lord (1846), and Sperwer (1869). Using anthropological recordings from the late 19th century, these mutilations are recast as acts of ritual processing explicable with reference to Torres Strait Islander ontology. The circumstances that coalesced to precipitate these mutilations were complex and rare and ultimately unrepresentative of the majority of frontier interactions between European mariners and Torres Strait Islanders, which were generally friendly and mutually beneficial.     

从古代中日两国的交流看宗像·冲之岛的祭祀遗址

在日本冲之岛发现23个祭祀遗址,可分岩上、岩阴、半岩阴半露天、露天4类型,年代约为4世纪中叶至9世纪后期。祭祀由当时日本的中央政权主持,当地豪族宗像氏参与,目的在于向统管此海域的女神祈求航海的平安。古代日本与中国交往频繁,这在冲之岛祭祀遗址出土的许多供品上都有反映。     

An Archaeology of Landscapes: Perspectives and Directions

This review calls for the definition of a landscape approach in archaeology. After tracing the development of the landscape idea over its history in the social sciences and examining the compatibility between this concept and traditional archaeological practice, we suggest that archaeology is particularly well suited among the social sciences for defining and applying a landscape approach. If archaeologists are to use the landscape paradigm as a pattern which connects human behavior with particular places and times, however, we need a common terminology and methodology to build a construct paradigm. We suggest that settlement ecology, ritual landscapes, and ethnic landscapes will contribute toward the definition of such a broadly encompassing paradigm that also will facilitate dialogue between archaeologists and traditional communities.     

Wedding Culture in 1930s Shanghai: Consumerism,Ritual, and the Municipality

By the 1930s, a variety of forces were chipping away at the traditional Chinese wedding in urban centers like Shanghai. “New-style” weddings—with a bride in a white wedding dress—took place outside of the home and featured networks of friends, choice of one’s spouse, autonomy from one’s parents, and the promise of happiness and independence. With the publication of wedding portraits and detailed discussions of new-style wedding etiquette and its trappings, women’s magazines further shaped the new-style bride as a consumer and an individual. Early reformers had envisioned the new-style ceremony as a streamlined and affordable alternative to traditional ceremonies, but for most city residents these weddings remained out of reach. After the Nationalist consolidation of power in 1928, Shanghai was deemed a crucial site for the promotion of ritual reform and economic restraint. Weddings were at the crux of this movement, which was buttressed by the Civil Code of 1931 allowing children to legally marry without parental consent. New Life Movement group weddings came next. These ceremonies co-opted urban wedding culture in an attempt to frame the new-style wedding as a ritual of politicized citizenship under the Nationalist government. The tension between the popular, commercial, new-style wedding and the Nationalists’ Spartan political vision, as played out in the market, is examined below.     

Feeding the Mountains: Sacred Landscapes,Mountain Worship,and Sacrifice in the Maya and Inca Worlds

Three texts reviewed here address the linkages between religion and mountainous landscapes in the Maya and Inca realms. Bassie-Sweet provides a thorough analysis of the Maya mythologies of creation and situates its players and concepts within the real world. Besom thoughtfully tackles the place of mountains and child sacrifice within the Andes with a focus on the late prehispanic Inca. Reinhard and Constanza offer a detailed and richly illustrated case study of state-sponsored child sacrifice on a mountaintop in the south of the Inca Empire. Taken together, these somewhat disparate books produce several fascinating parallels in the sacred geographies of mountains and the offerings made to them.     

郑国青铜礼乐器祭祀坑相关问题讨论

新郑祭祀遗址出土青铜礼乐器作为祭祀重器,是春秋中期郑国特殊祭祀文化的具体表现.不同遗址出土器物组合的差异,从器物层面体现了当时郑国高等级贵族间的微妙关系,轮流执政的卿大夫已经掌控了包括土地所有权在内的多项国家权力,拥有和国君同等级的礼器、乐器使用权,仅在用鼎数量方面存在着差异.作为祭器的祭祀坑出土青铜礼乐器和同时期墓葬出土器物有着本质上的区别,表明当时祭祀礼仪仍然严格遵循着传统礼制,也正是由于这个原因,不能将遗址出土青铜乐器与"郑卫之声"简单地等同分析.