高新技术产业开发区与城市社会空间结构演变

高新区作为一个崭新的城市空间和带动城市经济社会发展的重要极核,越来越多地影响和改变着城市的经济社会活动和空间结构。本文从高新区作为城市一个功能单元的空间属性出发,分析了高新区建设发展对城市社会新富裕阶层和中等收入阶层形成的重要影响;进而分析了高新区建设发展对城市社会空间分异的影响,指出高新区正在逐步演变成为一个集商务、技术创新、高新技术产业发展、高尚生活区为一体的新的城市空间;最后,本文还简单分析了高新区建设发展带来的城市社会空间的矛盾与冲突。     

论南宋江南地区市民阶层的社会形态

南宋时期,江南地区市民阶层全面兴起.除了不断壮大的工商业群体,为数不少的商业性文化演艺人员和具有商业观念与城市意识的官吏、士人、地主、农民等也都成为市民阶层的重要组成部分.他们之间的社会等级关系并不是身份性的,而是在贫富分化的基础上形成的,且随着财富状况的变化而处于不断变动之中.同时,各种市民社会组织的涌现,表明市民阶层的自主意识不断增强,对城市和社会的影响也越来越大.但南宋时期的市民阶层又有着明显的局限性,并没有成为主导城市发展的社会力量.     

城市高收入阶层生活方式与生活意识调查研究

随着改革开放和经济发展,中国城市居民中已经出现高收入阶层。本文运用社会调查方法,对大城市高收入阶层的生活方式和生活意识进行研究。从调查样本的工作观、社会观、未来观分析高收入阶层的价值观和生活意识,消费、投资以及保障意识,并进一步划分价值观的类型。     

二十世纪一二十年代沿海城市社会文化观念变动评析

20世纪一二十年代沿海地区,随着清王朝的覆灭、民国的建立,尤其是新化运动的兴起,城市知识群体和市民阶层的社会价值观念发生了变革;以性别平等观念和妇女解放为标志,平等自由的精神开始渗入到社会伦理观念之中;在生活习俗方面,社会风俗观念发生明显变化;反映市民阶层需求的大众化逐步形成。     

二战之际云南城市知识阶层兴起的动因及表征

二战之际伴随国内政治经济中心向西南的转移,云南城市近代化进程加快,知识阶层经过量的积累呈现质的飞跃。本文通过对知识分子流动状况和实效的研究,探讨内迁背景下云南城市知识阶层崛起的动因及表征。     

城市社区体系结构可获性评价的原理研究

从人本主义的角度出发,以提升城市生活空间质量为目的,运用城市生活空间质量观的理念分析了城市社区体系结构的公正性和客观可获性的内涵。构建了城市社区体系结构可获性评价的模式,即阶层化居舍剥夺指数评价模式和阶层化社会区剥夺指数模式。阐述了基于"城市资源的配置是均等的"这一假设,结合城市社区体系结构可获性评价要素,提出了城市社区体系结构可获性评价的操作模式,以期构建完整的城市社区体系结构,提升城市社会空间的阶层可获性。     

加拿大的第一次城市改革及其评价

19世纪末20世纪初,加拿大城市在政府形式、服务设施领域、规划和住房项目以及社会救助和福利四个分面进行了改革。本文介绍了这次改革的基本内容,提出它具有三个特点:以工商业阶层和专业人士为主导;受到美英两国的影响,但强调适合自身的需要;在城市公共事业领域里公私两种所有制相互补充。同时认为,它以工商业者整体利益为核心建立的管理机制,既可以让工商业阶层利用良好的城市环境发展经济,又能发挥他们监督城市财政的本能。然而,改革过分强调经济效率而忽视了社会公平,如何有效地监督行政人员和发挥市民在城市事务中的作用也是以后需要解决的问题。     

转型时期我国城市贫困研究述评

本文基于地理学、规划学和社会学视角,在“过程-互动-行动”研究框架下,统计分析1990年代以来我国城市贫困研究的文献数量和内容演变情况,论述了研究分布与社会经济转型和社会救助政策密切相关。在综合述评每类研究的主要观点基础上,论文指出目前研究存在几方面问题:缺少贫困阶层社会空间研究,缺少与城市发展、城市空间结构的关系研究,缺少对贫困阶层需求和空间资源公平配置的研究,并探讨对未来城市研究的启示。     

空间流动与社会流动关系研究述评

本文聚焦移民的空间流动与社会流动关系,通过梳理国外人文地理和相关学科文献发现：(1)空间流动与社会流动密切相关,空间流动不仅是空间的位移,也是社会生活的结构化维度,可能带来个体阶层变化以及宏观社会结构的改变;(2)两者之间的关系主要体现在教育、职业发展和居住驱动下的空间流动和社会流动等三大方面：分别强调教育作为一种知识和文化资本积累对于阶层维护和代际传承的作用、区域发展不平衡背景下职业流动与阶层地位改变的关系,以及居住流动下的邻里效应、资源分层与阶层分层。空间流动与社会流动的关系呈现着多样化的特征,对两者关系的深入探讨有助于进一步理解移民的迁移动机,并为促进流动社会下的城市均衡发展提供政策建议。     

楚“士”的形成与发展

楚"士"经历了由早期复杂含义发展到以仿诸夏立国后的低级贵族之代称的过程。随着时代的发展,特别是宗法制的解体及私学的兴起为平民入"士"提供了途径,士亦转化为知识阶层的统称。春秋战国时期楚士阶层不断壮大,他们凭借自身丰富的知识与技能,竞相展示自己的才华,从而有力的推动了社会的发展进程。     

‘Peasantist nationalism’ in inter-war Greece (1927–41)

Abstract

‘Peasantist nationalism’ was a new radical nationalist discourse in the twentieth century. The crisis in agriculture in the 1920s, urbanism and the perceived overpopulation of the cities were important social factors that instigated the intellectual construction of the ‘peasantist nation’. Peasantist nationalism was by and large constructed by agronomists, a new stratum of technocrats who used nationalism as a vehicle for social mobility and their entry into the strata of the organic intellectuals of the bourgeoisie. Peasantist nationalist ideas, set forth earlier by the agronomists, were adopted by Metaxas' quasi-fascist regime and upgraded to the level of the state's hegemonic ideology.     

有价值的乌托邦--对霍华德田园城市理论的一种认识

19世纪末英国社会改革家埃比尼泽·霍华德提出的田园城市理论 ,不仅是城市规划的理论 ,还是关于社会改革的学说。它针对 19世纪工业化、城市化给城市带来的弊病而提出 ,具有丰厚的历史文化和社会背景 ,以及多种社会改革学说的渊源。田园城市理论虽具有很强的乌托邦色彩 ,但至今仍对城市和社会发展有借鉴意义。     

Popular Economies In,Against, and Through the Platform

Behind the conjunctural growth of popular economies in Brazilian cities lies a set of entangled disputes over urban density with important political consequences. While popular economic agents are repressed by local governments, informal work hired through digital platforms grows exponentially and engenders new precarious forms of assembling labour relations in, and extracting value from, global South cities. The contrasts and indirect relations between digital platforms and popular economic agents are important in understanding the growth of platforms, which hinges on accessing low-wage workers whose attempts to make an independent living are otherwise prohibited. This dynamic has resulted in the political mobilisation of popular economy agents and their alliances with urban social movements. Through this paper, I examine how their networking and particular disputes for a right to the city hold potential for the emergence of other economies.     

Time,Waste, and the City: The Rise of the Environmental Industry

In many US cities, especially those in the Rust Belt, the environmental goods and services (EGS) industry has played a significant role in restructuring local economies to promote new, flexible, and “creative” forms of service‐based labour. And yet much of the environmental work conducted in these cities has been directed at an industrial past, cleaning up the waste left over from long‐departed manufacturing sectors. Returning to David Harvey's earlier work on the urban process, this paper develops a theory of waste switching that situates EGS within a larger renegotiation of space and time across city landscapes. This theory is fleshed out in case studies of the EGS industry in Baltimore, Pittsburgh, and Milwaukee, where new cycles of accumulation have been built on refuse, toxins, and dead labour. These “toxi‐cities” and their cleanup challenge traditional conceptions of urbanisation as spatially—but also temporally—bounded.     

简论发展时代的主体:无产阶级

知识经济的推进,产业工人结构的变化,给了无产阶级新的变化、新的内涵,但是无产阶级仍然是没有生产资料的阶级,是与大工业、与知识经济紧密联系的阶级,是最先进最革命的阶级,仍然是资本剥削制度的掘墓人,是发展时代的基本主体。     

The Emergence of a Working Poor: Labour Markets,Neoliberalisation and Diverse Economies in Post‐Socialist Cities

Abstract: This paper examines the transformations of urban labour markets in two central European cities: Bratislava, Slovakia and Kraków, Poland. It highlights the emergence of in‐work poverty and labour market segmentation, which together are leading to a reconfiguration of the livelihoods and economic practices of urban households. The focus of the paper is on the growing phenomenon of insecure, poor‐quality, contingent labour. It examines the ways in which those who find themselves in, or on the margins of, contingent and insecure labour markets sustain their livelihoods. We ask how such workers and their households negotiate the segmentation of the labour market, the erosion of employment security and the emergence of in‐work poverty and explore the diverse economic practices of those who cannot rely solely on formal employment to ensure social reproduction. Further, we assess the articulations between labour market participation and exclusion, and other spheres of economic life, including informal and illegal labour, household social networks, state benefits and the use of material assets. We argue that post‐socialist cities are seeing a reconfiguration of class processes, as the materialities and subjectivities of class are remade and as the meaning of work and the livelihoods different forms of labour can sustain are changing.     

全球化视角下的世界城市网络理论

城市诞生时就相互保持着联系,只有将城市纳入世界城市网络中才能正确把握城市产生和发展的本质。1980年以来在第三次全球化浪潮的背景下,世界生产要素和产品市场开始整合,世界城市的兴起是国际劳动分工在空间上的表达。Cohen、Friedmann、Sassen、Castells和Taylor等学者提出并发展了世界城市理论,世界城市网络理论已经成为研究城市问题的重要框架。联系数据的缺乏长期制约了世界城市网络的实证研究,二十世纪九十年代中期以来学者们创新性地解决了方法论的问题,对世界城市网络的各个层面进行了实证研究。     

"We have a little bit more finesse, as a nation": Constructing the Polish Worker in London's Building Sites

Abstract:  This paper examines how male Polish builders in London construct themselves relationally to English builders as they negotiate their place within the labour hierarchies of the building site and in the London labour market. This is based on semi-structured interviews and participant photographs taken by Polish migrants arriving in the aftermath of the European Union expansion in May 2004, and now working in building sites across London. These buildings sites are mundane elements of a global city which employ transnational labour, and where differences between Polish and English builders become significant discursive tools of survival in a competitive labour market. The paper illustrates how Polish workers mark themselves as "superior" to English builders through the versatility of their embodied skills, work ethic, artistic qualities, and finesse in their social interactions on the building site. This paper thus provides new ways of understanding the meanings of work and the complexity of identity politics within the spaces of low-paid manual work in a global city.     

Class and space: social segregation in Japanese cities

It has become increasingly common to play down the 'place stratification' of Japanese cities, and to emphasize their lack of social class segregation. Demonstrating that the Japanese city lacks a social geography in this respect conforms to, and serves to advance, the view that Japan has produced a capitalist form of development that avoids many of the inequalities and social ills characteristic of other advanced capitalist societies (e.g. no 'inner city' problems). But do the social geographies of Japanese cities really conform to this picture of Japanese society? This issue is explored with the help of a new analysis of the occupational class geography of the city of Kyoto.     

Locating Neoliberalism in Dubai: Migrant Workers and Class Struggle in the Autocratic City

Abstract: In recent years, portrayals of neoliberalism in Dubai have often hinged on narratives about the hyper‐exploitation of migrant workers in the city. In this paper I interrogate these narratives by exploring the governance of lower‐waged construction migrants and their recent role in market‐led processes of urbanization. Through a focus on the recent growth of private worker welfare initiatives and dozens of illegal labour strikes led by migrant builders, I draw attention to the fraught and contradictory character of autocratic neoliberalism that operates in the governance of these workers, and point to workers’ bodily capital and the construction labour camp as two emergent sites in which these labour politics are unfolding. I argue that these social reproductive realms of the body and the mass‐worker household have offered a temporary spatial fix to the limitations of autocratic rule in a neoliberalizing city, while also conjuring moments of political possibility for construction migrants.