东龙山遗址夏代早期文化的~(14)C-AMS年代学研究

文明起源是世界范围内的重大学术课题,夏、商、周三代是中国文明起源研究的关键阶段之一,但传世文献的确切记载只能上推到841BC.为此,国家设立重大科研项目--"夏商周断代工程",以期解决841 BC以前的夏、商、周三代纪年断代问题.     

Dating Danish textiles and skins from bog finds by means of C AMS

This study presents the results of 44 new ¹⁴C analyses of Danish Early Iron Age textiles and skins. Of 52 Danish bog finds containing skin and textile items, 30 are associated with bog bodies. Until now, only 18 of these have been dated. In this paper we add dates to the remaining finds. The results demonstrate that the Danish custom of depositing clothed bodies in a bog is centred to the centuries immediately before and at the beginning of the Common Era. Most of these bodies are carefully placed in the bog – wrapped or dressed in various textile and/or skin garments. The care with which these people were placed in the bog indicates that they represent a hitherto unrecognised burial custom supplementing the more common burial pratice for this period.     

Successful Technique for Dating of Lime Mortar by Carbon-14

Abstract

Lime mortar can be dated successfully by the following important modificationsin technique: 1) crushing and sieving to remove inert aggregate; 2) acidization of live mortar and taking only the first fraction of gas evolved, that fraction which has least contamination; 3) correction of results by σC₁₃ and dendrochronology. We have applied this technique to buildings in Stobi with generally successful results.     

河南龙山文化和二里头文化碳十四测年的若干问题讨论

碳十四测年数据结果会受到诸多因素的影响,考古学文化的考古年代与历史朝代的日历年代相互间的关系也不能简单地对应了事.对河南龙山文化和二里头文化碳十四测年数据的分析结果表明,二里头类型的主体只能是夏文化中的一部分遗存,到早于二里头类型且与其关系密切的王湾类型或称王湾三期文化中去寻找和补足早期夏文化遗存是可行的.学术界将王湾类型或称王湾三期文化和二里头文化作为探索夏文化的主要对象是很有道理的.     

二里头断代 我国碳十四测年的一个缩影

<正>二里头遗址的测年伴随着我国碳十四测年从建立之初到逐渐发展,再到进一步提高的每一个过程,体现着每一个阶段的研究水平,在这个过程中它既是实践者也是见证者,其本身可以看作我国碳十四测年发展的一个缩影。实验室从空白起步判定考古遗存的年代是考古学研究的重要基础和前提。一般来说,考古学的年代有相对年代和绝对年代之说。相对年代表示考古遗存的相对早晚关系;绝对年代侧重表示考     

Dating mortar by optically stimulated luminescence: A feasibility study

Quartz is the datable component in mortar. Although its luminescence properties are very well studied, the problem of mortar dating arises from a low level of optical bleaching. In order to reduce the time consuming efforts for dating lime mortar in monuments by optically stimulated luminescence, we investigated the most suitable methods of dose and dose rate determination, and we explored tests which are suitable to predict the datability of a given material. Reverting to the large number of publications on sedimentary partially bleached quartz we found linear modulation techniques especially useful, equally we also recommend the determination of the level of optical depletion before starting analyses. Single grain analysis is regarded as an ultimate but infallible tool to date very poorly bleached quartz from mortar. Dose rate measurements need to take into account the radioactive equilibrium of the uranium decay and the short range inhomogeneity of the environmental gamma radiation field: gamma spectrometry and on-site TLD measurements are best suited.     

关于上山文化年代的讨论

学界对上山文化的年代存有争议,《浦江上山》断定其年代上限超过万年,但是根据上山文化分期和其他遗址测年数据来分析,上山文化的年代上限有可能落在距今9400—9134年之间。同时,无论是测年数据和陶器类型学,都不能确定上山文化比彭头山文化更早,二者同时的可能性亦不能排除。     

克孜尔石窟分期年代研究综述

位于拜城县克孜尔乡东南7公里的克孜尔石窟是古龟兹(今库车、拜城、新和县境)境内规模最大的一处石窟群。现已编号洞窟是269个(1953年编号235个;1973年新发现一个;后来为了配合谷西区维修工程,于1989年和1990年两次共清理出33个洞窟。);现暴露在地面上的未编号洞窟有60余个;再加上一批埋藏在地下的洞窟,克孜尔石窟洞窟数近400个。     

浙江仙居岩画的微腐蚀断代

微腐蚀测年通过观测矿物晶体上的"石亏"来获知岩画的制作年代,是一种无损的"直接断代法"。仙居岩画的测年工作主要在送龙山和小方岩两处地点开展,经过观测,研究人员从岩画刻槽中取得了十一组石亏微腐蚀数据,以及两组来自吴芾墓附属石刻的校准数据。由校准后的年代计算结果可知,小方岩岩画的制作开始于东吴末年,贯穿了两晋及南北朝时期,一直延续至唐初,而送龙山岩画则为唐代作品。     

敦煌文献断代方法综述

本文从纸张、书法、文字、正背面、形制、品相、写卷内容、出土地等八个要素考察了敦煌文献的断代,并解释了敦煌文献断代不能唯一的某些原因。     

Conservation of archaeological mosaic pavements by means of reburial

Abstract

In a burial environment ancient mosaic pavements are subject to a variety of mechanisms of deterioration, both physical and chemical. However, many pavements have survived, sometimes in exceptional condition. Additionally, some mosaics that have been discovered in recent times and reburied as a means of protection have also been well preserved. This indicates that reburial can be an effective means of preventive conservation and a viable response to the need for conservation of exposed mosaics on many archaeological sites. For reburial to be successful, risks to the mosaic must be accurately appraised and the design of the reburial must be well specified, following a rigorous conservation methodology.     

14C年代框架与三代考古学文化分期--夏商周断代工程课题研究札记

夏商周断代工程采用系列样品进行14C年代测定,得出了夏商西周的年代框架,与考古遗址相对应,解决了三代考古学的分期.登封王城岗古城约为公元前2070年,即夏的起始年代.偃师商城始建于公元前1600年,郑州商城始建于公元前1580年,前者早于后者,偃师商城遂成为夏商分界的界标.就作为都城而言,郑州商城开始作为王都的时间比起偃师商城开始作为王都的时间要晚得更多.     

Towards the identification of dyestuffs in Early Iron Age Scandinavian peat bog textiles

A large systematic dye investigation of prehistoric Danish and Norwegian bog textiles was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detection. After the selection of the most suitable protocol for dye extraction and HPLC analysis for this specific group of archaeological samples, the second part included the characterisation of the dyes detected in the whole series of the Early Iron Age textiles and the interpretation of the dyeing technology. Natural organic dyes were found from the three main categories of natural dyes, hence throwing new light on the use of biological dye sources in Early Iron Age Scandinavia. The results clearly indicate that most Scandinavian peat bog textiles originally were dyed and that already during the 1st millennium BC, the populations in Scandinavia were familiar with the dyeing technology.     

《辛巳年六月十六日社人于灯司仓贷粟历》文书之定年

本对《辛巳年灯司仓贷粟历》进行分析认为,一些学将此“辛巳年”释为921年可能有误,因为执掌“灯司仓”的是慈灯和尚,系吐蕃占领敦煌时期的僧人,他在亥年(819)任判官,其年龄不会小于20岁,子年(820)前后又到灵图寺,且财力雄厚,他能活到921年达100岁以上是颇令人怀疑的。而将“辛巳年”释为成通二年(861)大概是恰当的,与情与理均合。成通二年他早已回到了可能就是他出家的“龙兴寺”任司仓一职,此年之后书中再不见该僧的踪迹。     

从壁画砖看南京西善桥宫山墓的年代

从南京西善桥宫山南朝"竹林七贤与荣启期"大型拼镶砖印壁画墓出土壁画砖的砖面标记文字、砖的拼装方法以及砖的尺寸规格等方面来看,该墓的年代应该在丹阳金家村墓和吴家村墓之前。一向被认为是陈朝墓的西善桥罐子山墓也应该与此墓年代相仿。