周恩来与中国环境保护工作的起步

我国的环境保护工作始于20世纪70年代,由于长期以来,人们对环境保护的认识不够,导致生态环境的破坏和环境污染的加重。周恩来最先认识到环境保护问题的重要性,在他的努力下,中国派团参加了第一次世界环境大会。这次会议使代表团成员深刻认识到了环境保护问题的必要性。在周恩来的推动下,1973年召开了第一次全国环境保护会议,随着《关于保护和改善环境的若干规定》的出台实施,我国的环境保护工作开始步入正轨。     

谈VOCs污染治理中存在的典型问题及对应措施

近些年我国社会的发展过程中,对于环境保护方面的工作越来越重视,也提出了一些具体的政策来促进污染的治理.在这个过程中,VOCs的污染治理取得了良好的成果,但是由于这项治理工作具有长期性、复杂性和艰巨性的特点,仍然存在众多的问题,导致污染治理效果并不是十分理想,严重阻碍了我国可持续发展战略的落实以及执行.本文分析了VOCs...     

加大污染治理力度，适应环保发展要求

长期以来,中国过度关注经济的发展,而忽视了经济的飞速发展给环境带来的危害,导致了如今环境污染严重。随着国家和政府对环境问题越来越重视,对环保发展提出了更高的要求,相关部门和企业急需采取有效措施,加大污染治理力度。文章主要根据目前常见的几种环境污染问题及其成因,提出了相关的环保策略,希望能为改善我国的环境质量提供借鉴。     

中国的GIAHS事业 从艰难起步到蓬勃发展

<正>GIAHS起步,历史选择了青田早在新中国成立初期,中国就有组织地开展了农业历史的系统研究。至迟在20世纪80年代初期,发掘传统生态农业模式和技术就引起了生态学家和农学家的高度关注,并为现代生态农业的发展发挥了重要作用。记得2003年初春,我随我的导师、时任东亚地区生态学会联盟(EAFES)主席的李文华院士去日本     

环保视域下工业有机废气污染治理方法分析

近年来,社会进步迅速,我国的工业也快速发展.自2012年十八大报告中第一次将生态文明建设纳入五位一体的战略布局,国家对环保工作更加重视,一些法律法规相继出台,处罚力度加大,将于2021年07月1日实施的《挥发性有机物无组织排放控制标准》进一步规范了废气治理方面的要求,所以治理工业废气至关重要.高速发展的时代背景下,经济...     

挥发性有机物污染治理的策略初探

强化挥发性有机物控制,是改善大气环境的重要途径,也是改善人们生存环境的关键,因此,相关部门应加强挥发性有机物污染的治理,提高大气质量,改善人们的生存环境.本文分析了挥发性有机物治理的重要性,提出了挥发性有机物治理的策略,希望给予相关人员参考.     

微生物在污染治理方面的运用与实践

随着科技化进一步加深,人们面对社会经济发展所带来的环境污染问题,正在积极探索新的高效环境污染治理技术.微生物作为自然界的普遍存在和物质循环中的重要扮演者——分解者,在自然净化中起到了举足轻重的作用,也是人们积极探索并成功运用到污染治理中的重要物质.相较于传统的物理化学处理手段,微生物处理技术有着运行成本低、处理效果好、...     

中国社会建设的目标演进：从正确处理人民内部矛盾到构建“社会治理共同体”

从20世纪50年代提出正确处理人民内部矛盾到21世纪初提出建设和谐社会,再到党的十八大以来推进国家治理体系治理能力现代化,构建“社会治理共同体”。这个发展历程不仅显示了中国在社会主义社会治理理念与方式上的不断升华,更是马克思主义中国化的重要创新成果。党的十九届四中全会明确提出要“建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体”,是将对以人民内部矛盾化解为主的社会治理从重点到思路再到目标进行了全方位的发展和提升,为中国特色社会主义社会矛盾的认识和处理规划了更具现代蕴意的运行逻辑和目标方向。     

新中国环境保护事业的早期探索——第一次全国环保会议前中国政府的环保努力

在1973年8月第一次全国环境保护会议召开前,中国政府在环保方面曾做出了长期努力。这些努力为第一次全国环保会议的召开及中国现代环保事业的顺利起步准备了重要组织条件,提供了环保经验、事实依据及思想基础。因而,第一次全国环保会议召开之前和之后的环保政策,也就具有显著历史连续性和继承性。     

雾霾污染治理中公民参与的有效路径

现如今,生态环境的变化对人们日常生活已经产生了巨大的影响,仅仅依靠政府发挥作用能够产生的效果有限,并且随着雾霾污染问题的蔓延,治理环境已经离不开社会成员的共同努力,因此作为公民,必须发挥重要的作用.为了进一步阐释公民参与雾霾治理的作用,本文从雾霾治理和公民参与的角度出发,对公民参与雾霾治理的现状、问题、成因进行了分析和...     

王世贞作品年表初考

王世贞作为明代后七子文学复古运动的领袖,作品宏富繁杂,清人以前,少有人能与之相比。近人黄如文、徐朔方、郑利华分别在年谱中对王世贞的作品进行过一些考证。本文专从作品创作时间的考证角度出发,并不专限文学作品,试图厘清对王世贞某些作品创作时间上的一些误解,并对其作品的创作年表做一个较为清晰的梳理。     

从环境的历史到环境史——关于环境史研究的一种认识

By and large, there are three kinds of research on environment: the history of environment as a field of natural history studies, the history of environment as within the scope of history of society studies, and environmental history as the study of the relationship between human and nature. The methodological perspective of the relationship between humanity and environmental distinguishes the third from the previous two. From this perspective, when we probe the mutual effects between human and nature, we will stress on their interactions. The new era and the realities of contemporary society foster the rise of environmental history, which has not only theoretical values but also practical significance. Translated from Xueshu Yanjiu 学术研究 (Academic Research), 2006, (9):12–22     

From sustainable development to carbon control: eco-state restructuring and the politics of urban and regional development

The management of carbon emissions holds some prospect for challenging sustainable development as the organising principle of socio-environmental regulation. This paper explores the rise of a distinctive low-carbon polity as an ideological state project, and examines its potential ramifications for the regulation of economy–environment relations at the urban and regional scale. Carbon control would seem to introduce a new set of values into state regulation and this might open up possibilities for challenging mainstream modes of urban and regional development in a manner not possible under sustainable development. But low-carbon restructuring also portends intensified uneven development, new forms of state control and a socially uneven reworking of state–society relations. In order to explore these issues we start by setting out a framework for conceptualising environmental regulation based around the idea of eco-state restructuring. This idea is introduced to capture the conflicts, power struggles and strategic selectivities involved as governments seek to reconcile environmental protection with multiple other pressures and demands. Overall the paper seeks to make a distinctive contribution to theoretical work on state environmental regulation and the emerging spatial dimensions of climate policy.     

Regulating sex work in the EU: prostitute women and the new spaces of exclusion

Contemporary prostitution policy within the European Union has coalesced around the view that female prostitution is rarely voluntary, and often a consequence of sex trafficking. Responding, different nation-states have, however, adopted antithetical legal positions based on prohibition (Sweden), abolition (UK) or legalisation (Netherlands). Despite the apparently sharp differences between these positions, in this article we argue that there is now a shared preoccupation with repressing spaces of street prostitution. Noting the forms of exploitation that nonetheless adhere to many spaces of off-street work, we conclude that the state and law may intervene in sex work markets with the intention of tackling gendered injustice, but are perpetuating geographies of exception and abandonment.     

In the front line: women,work and new spaces of labour politics in Poland

Pessimistic accounts of women's lives in post-communist Poland view women as powerless and passive victims of the transformation process. In contrast, this article argues that while political change and the restructuring of the economy have closed down some spaces of articulation and organisation, others have opened up. The article focuses on the way in which women in their spheres of work are shaping and actively resisting change through new organisations and individual and collective actions, which are in some ways a break with the past, but in other ways build on previous forms of activity. The work draws on qualitative research conducted over the last decade across Poland. This has coupled extensive interviews with women workers, national and regional trade union leaders, activists and feminists in a number of major Polish cities with reviews of Polish media and policy. We examine the economic and ideological context in which these new articulations are taking place, against the background of Poland's post-war communism and the rise of opposition movements. We look at the neoliberal restructuring of the economy and the implications for women within the labour market and in their domestic lives. In particular, we examine initiatives from below in workplace organisation, by focusing on new unions and new actions in the public sector, and the beginnings of organisation in the new areas of the economy such as supermarkets. Finally, we look at how women are articulating their interests beyond formal workplaces. We conclude that we should be optimistic about these new spaces of activism. While some are well established, others are embryonic but provide a strong foundation on which women can increase their participation in spaces that promote their varied interests.     

黄宗智中国小农“三幅面孔”统一体说的误区

中国农民包括小农、大农、雇农三大类.黄宗智的中国小农"三幅面孔"统一体说,事实上是个随意拼凑的"创见".经营式农场主、雇农都不在小农范畴,"三幅面孔"只能和富农、自耕农、佃农相关.经营式农场主和雇农二者所构成的一种生产方式,根本就不能用来反映中国小农经济的内部结构以及受其影响小农经济所表现出来的某种状态.中国小农"三幅面孔"统一体说提出的目的,在很大程度上是为了把经营式农场主、富农、自耕农、佃农、雇农都被包含在小农范畴.由于和农业商品化联系最密切的是经营式农场主-雇农生产方式,所以考察农业商品化、世界经济、帝国主义等对中国小农经济的影响,就需要把经营式农场作为主要研究对象.     

从复数“中国”到单数“中国”——试论统一多民族中国及其疆域的形成

由于中国古代少数民族及其政权多自称“中国”,以及当时一些政权虽没有自称“中国”,但为后来的“中国”所继承,并仍被称为“中国”等原因,致使中国古代自秦统一以后仍然存在复数“中国”的现象。经过秦汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐、辽宋夏金的发展,到了元朝统一全国,复数“中国”开始过渡为单数“中国”,明朝时期稍有反复,到了清朝统一全国,作为单数概念的“中国”最终确定下来,统一的多民族的“中国”及其疆域最终形成和确立下来。     

论华中抗日根据地的优抚工作

华中抗日根据地十分注重对退伍、伤残军人和抗属的优抚工作:制定优抚法律、政策,设立社会保障机构,开展优抚政策的宣传教育,组织拜年和节日慰问活动,帮助抗属解决生产生活问题,减轻各种税费,抚恤烈士,安置伤残、退伍军人。优抚经费既包括政府拨款,也包括民间筹集。华中抗日根据地优抚工作的特点是:物质与精神保障相结合;适度保障,维持基本生活;对国民党军队一视同仁;把保障与鼓励自力更生相结合。优抚工作对于动员民众参军参战,密切党政军民关系,配合统一战线的开展等方面都具有重要的意义。     

Restructuring Beijing's Social Space: Observations on the Olympic Games in 2008

Two American geographers comment on the preceding analysis of restructuring of Beijing's social space (Feng et al., 2007) by presenting observations on the city's Olympic Games, forthcoming in the summer of 2008. The authors focus on some of the more salient geographical impacts stemming from construction, relocation, and related measures undertaken by the authorities to accommodate the event. Included in the paper are sections on environmental concerns (particularly air pollution), infrastructure (water supply, automobile traffic, and mass transit), and relocation and displacement of residents (particularly of migrants and other disadvantaged segments of the population). Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: I31, O15, O18, P20. 2 figures, 2 tables, 44 references.