A MYSTERIOUS ANCIENT MONASTERY HIDDEN DEEP IN A MOUNTAIN VALLEY OF SOUTH TIBET——A TRAVELODGE ON THE LHALUNG MONASTERY IN LHODRAK

<正>It’s dawn and the mountain valley in south Tibet is silent.There is only the smoke spiraling up from the kitchen chimneys of Tibetan households to greet the ...     

AN ANCIENT NINE-STOREY TOWER IN THE SAMKHAR GUTHOK MONASTERY——An Archeological Study in Lhozhag

Samkhar Guthok, a famous and historic monastery, is situated in a mountain valley in Sai Town of Lhozhag County where it is an isolated paradise surrounded by thick forest and a splendid landscape. In order to take a panoramic picture of the sunrise over the Samkhar Guthok Monastery, the archeological team got up very early, accompanied by Lozang, the director of the Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs for Lhozhag County, and climbed to the top of a mountain where the ancient monastery could be easily seen from above. The view before us was unique and magnificent.     

KYIRONG THE LAST MYSTERIOUS PLACE IN TIBET

Having graduated from university in 1976,The author set out on his journey to Tibet.He took the train from Qingdao of Shandong Province and,via several other places,to Liuyuan in Gansu Province.Changing train,he crossed over Qinghai,passed through Lhasa and then reached Shigatse.Finally,he reached his last stop-Kyirong County,the boundary of China and Nepal,and then stayed there for six years.     

ART ON SEALS IN ANCIENT TIBET

Tibetan archaic seals have been a significant element of Tibetan art and civilization for over 2000 years, embodying the rich, historic Tibetan culture.     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN TIBET

In the past, a letter sent from Tibet to inland China often took almost half a year to arrive. In Tibet, people had to walk a long way, and then waited in a long queue for access to a fixed phone. Because of the poor state of telecommunications in Tibet in those early days, people in Tibet heard and saw little of the wonderful world outside. This in turn created an even greater apparent distance between Tibet and that outside world.     

晨雾中的凤凰

<正>凤凰古城,我一直期待着与这座宁静、质朴小城的第一次相遇。新西兰著名作家路易·艾黎,把凤凰古城赞美为中国最美丽的小城,因此在未到之前,我就对它充满了无限的遐想。在一家充满湘西风格的客栈安顿好后,我们就迫不及待地冲了出去,直奔古     

THE VALLEY OF TUBO KINGS'TOMBS IN CHONGYE

正In 2014,I participated in the filming of a documentary entitled River at the Skyend produced by CCTV.The general director was Qi Kejun,a well-known Chinese celebrity.While visiting Chongye County situated in the middle of the Tibet Autonomous Region and standing at the peak of Mt.Mura overlooking the gorgeous and fascinating tombs,     

THE RULES OF THE GAME IN THE STUDY OF ANCIENT HISTORY

“The Rules of the Game,” expounded in ten remarkably bold theses, can easily be read as a synthetic retrospective or introduction to the formidable oeuvre of Arnaldo Momigliano. Indeed, this piece served as the opening chapter to his Introduzione bibliografica alla storia greca fino a Socrate (Florence: La Nuova Italia, 1975), and its subsequent reprints as an independent essay in several Italian journals and anthologies signal its importance for Momigliano. In this provocative and occasionally brilliantly witty essay, Momigliano sets forth his programmatic views on the ethos of the historian, as well as on the historical method and its applications in the study of ancient history. Here, as elsewhere, Momigliano is interested in detailing the link between ancient documents and their historical interpretations in later millennia. Ancient sources, he cautions, do not capture ancient realities transparently or completely, but are mediated documents whose historical value hinges, within certain limits, on the historian's analytical questions, inflected as they inevitably are by different ideological commitments. For this reason, he places special emphasis on the comparative method, stressing difference rather than similarity, and advises that historians with various areas of expertise collaborate, a point underscored throughout the essay. What is more, the essay contains the salutary reminder that the historian ought to attend not only to the surviving documents but also to the conspicuous silences and lacunae in the evidence.     

RAW MATERIALS FOR MAKING PORCELAIN AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PORCELAIN WARES IN NORTH AND SOUTH CHINA IN ANCIENT TIMES

This is a review of the raw materials used for producing ancient traditional porcelains in the famous kiln areas of north and south China. The relation between the use of porcelain stone and the invention of Chinese porcelain is described. The characteristics of porcelain stone and kaolin and their important role in the development of southern porcelains are discussed. As porcelain stone, which mainly consists of quartz and sericite, occurs widely in south China, the ancient southern porcelains were of a highly siliceous nature. From the beginning of the Yuan through to the Qing Dynasty more and more kaolin was added to the bodies to improve the quality of Jingdezhen porcelain. The glazes in south China were prepared from a mixture of porcelain stone and grass-plus-wood ash or glaze ash, here defined as the ash made by calcining limestone with plant material. The raw materials used in the north for making porcelain bodies were mainly various kinds of clay minerals. Feldspar, quartz and dolomite or calcite were used for northern porcelain glazes.     

THE EXCHANGES OF COPPER IN THE ANCIENT MIDDLE EAST

Introduction In Anatolia, the birth and the development of metallurgy intervened between the 9th and 3rd millenniums as well as testify the more and more frequent apparitions of metals artefacts in the inventory of the archeological objects of this period.     

REMINISCENCE THE EARLY YEARS OF WORKING IN TIBET

In the late Sixties,a group of enthusiastic youths from Henan(an internal province on the central plain) set out with great enthusiasm to go farming and also guard borders on the Tibet Plateau.I was lucky enough to be one of them.Now,as I recall those long and dusty days in an area largely unknown to the rest of the world,I cannot help about of nostalgia.     

ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATING OF COPPER SMELTING SITE F2 IN THE TIMNA VALLEY (ISRAEL) AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MODELLING OF ANCIENT TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

Site F2 in the Timna Valley, Israel, is a small copper smelting site of ‘primitive’ technology, dated by its excavator to the Pottery Neolithic (sixth to fifth millennium bce ). This early date challenges the common view of the beginning of smelting technology in the Levant and has been contested by various scholars since its publication. In this study, we present results of archaeointensity experiments conducted on slag fragments from the site. The slag yielded an excellent ancient geomagnetic value (64.1 ± 1.1 μT) that, when compared to the Levantine master curve, suggests an age not older than the second millennium and most probably between the 13th and 11th centuries bce . In addition to demonstrating the applicability of geomagnetic archaeointensity experiments to independent dating of slag, we discuss the implications of the current results for the socio‐historical picture of the Timna Valley, and in particular for the way in which technological developments were previously modelled in the archaeometallurgical research on the region.     

ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNIFIED STATE IN ANCIENT EGYPT

The annalist Manetho, a native Egyptian scholar-priest who lived in the 3^rd century BC during the reign of Ptolemy II （285-246 BC）, wrote a history of Egypt in Greek and divided the history of ancient Egypt into 30 （or 31） dynasties. He began with the unification of Egypt, making a Thinite king of Upper Egypt, whom he knows as Menes, the founder of the First Dynasty （ca.3100-2890 BC）. Menes is said to have built his capital at the junction of Upper and Lower Egypt, in a strategical key position. The new capital was called the ＂White Wall＂, it became later known as Memphis. There a great temple was built, dedicated to the god Ptah, who remained the patron deity of the city throughout its long history. Up to now no monuments of the First Dynasty have been found that would bear the name of Menes. Therefore, modem archaeologists hold that Menes should be identified with Narmer, the king whose relics have been unearthed at Hierakonpolis. Some scholars even doubt that Menes was a true historical figure, after all.     

清晓晨歌

这幅作品的成功之处在于作者对四姑娘山婉约美的诠释。一幅优秀的风光摄影作品,不是简单地对自然界进行克隆,艺术美是对自然美的再造,它体现了一个人的思想境界及对人生的思考。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION

<正>People often say the best buildings in the Tibet Autonomous Region are school buildings.This is,in fact,true.The most beautiful view in schools is the smiling faces of children,and the most beautiful people are those school teachers who persist on living in a rural community to devote themselves to rural education.     

THE POSSIBLE FRACTIONATION OF LEAD ISOTOPES IN ANCIENT METALLURGICAL PROCESSES

The possibility of lead isotope fractionation in ancient lead production is examined. Kinetic theory relating to isotopic fractionation in non-equilibrium evaporation is considered and the feasibility of the alteration of lead isotope abundance ratios in ore roasting and smelting is assessed. Previous experimental work is shown to have been inconclusive and conclusions are drawn on the need for further research to quantify the possible extent of fractionation in practice.