略论商周时期青铜卣的起源问题——以罐形卣为例

青铜卣是商周青铜礼器中比较重要的盛酒器之一,常出土于规格比较高的墓葬之中。它的分布范围比较广,东北到辽宁,西北至甘肃,西南达广西,都能看到它的踪影;形制变化多样,腹部     

The classification of distorted-mirror reflections and its ionospheric modification due to the underlying ionization

A systematic classification of reflections from a sinusoidally distorted-mirror has led to the identification of three classes of rays: direct simple rays which hit the mirror once on reflection; direct complex rays which hit the mirror several times before reflection; indirect rays which leave from and return to the source at different angles. The conditions on the distortion amplitude, wavelength and height for the different classes to exist are obtained. A comparison of results is made with those from a Chapman layer with a sinusoidally varying height of peak density, in the absence of any magnetic field. The broad classification of solutions is preserved, but direct and indirect rays are no longer independent and at large scale heights the presence of underlying ionization removes some solutions. The construction of ionograms of these profiles shows that indirect and complex direct rays contribute significantly to the traces observed.     

Some extensions of the Booker method of ray tracing

The Booker method of ray tracing is useful for tracing the paths of radio rays in a plane stratified magneto-plasma, and a brief summary is given. In its simplest form it is used for tracing a single ray, without taking account of the configuration of neighbouring rays. Two extensions of the method are discussed. The first is the effect on the signal amplitude of the divergence or convergence of neighbouring rays in a thin ray pencil. The second is the technique of complex rays and complex space, which are especially useful when electron collisions introduce attenuation of the waves. Some typical results for both extensions are presented. This paper is mainly a tutorial paper, but some new results are given, including a method for dealing with a singularity in the equations for the ray divergence effect.     

论江苏彩陶纹饰构成要素

本文根据江苏境内新石器时代遗址出土的彩陶,论述了点、线、面是构成江苏彩陶纹饰的要素及它们三者之间的相互关系。     

Auroral rays: filamentation in the auroral accelerator

In situ measurements of particles, fields and optical emissions from a rocket that encountered auroral rays are reported. The measurements give insight into the production of rays, as well as the production of large fluctuations in electric fields perpendicular to the magnetic field. The fine structure and rapid variations of the electron energy flux associated with the rays are apparently produced by modulation in the degree of electron acceleration. Rays are produced when the energy flux increases in localized regions to values even higher than those normally encountered in bright auroral forms. Close and consistent similarities in the variations of the electron energy flux, the light and the electric fields suggest that the field variations were produced as a direct result of the changes in the stream of accelerated electrons. In examining possible causes of the velocity changes that produce the rays, two acceleration processes are considered; acceleration as a consequence of a potential difference between the magnetosphere and the atmosphere and acceleration by waves.     

3. THE EXPRESSION OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE

The theory and philosophy of history (just like philosophy in general) has established a dogmatic dilemma regarding the issue of language and experience: either you have an immediate experience separated from language, or you have language without any experiential basis. In other words, either you have an immediate experience that is and must remain mute and ineffable, or you have language and linguistic conceptualization that precedes experience, provides the condition of possibility of it, and thus, in a certain sense, produces it. Either you join forces with the few and opt for such mute experiences, or you go with the flow of narrative philosophy of history and the impossibility of immediacy. Either way, you end up postulating a mutual hostility between the nonlinguistic and language, and, more important, you remain unable to account for new insights and change. Contrary to this and in relation to history, I am going to talk about something nonlinguistic—historical experience—and about how such historical experience could productively interact with language in giving birth to novel historical representations. I am going to suggest that, under a theory of expression, a more friendly relationship can be established between experience and language: a relationship in which they are not hostile to but rather desperately need each other. To explain the occurrence of new insights and historiographical change, I will talk about a process of expression as sense‐formation and meaning‐constitution in history, and condense the theory into a struck‐through “of ,” as the expression of historical experience.     

To Make the Personal Political: The Use of Testimony as a Consciousness-Raising Tool Against Sexual Aggression in Puerto Rico

Four years ago, I was kidnapped, taken to an isolated sugarcanefield, and raped by a gang of three men. My intention in sharingthis information is not to make you feel sorry for me in a condescendingattitude that would only undermine the seriousness of such adevastating experience rather, I would like to change your wayof feeling and thinking about what that experience representsfor a woman. If ever you are forced to confront a person whohas survived such aggression, this may help you to understandwhat she has gone through and what still awaits her     

Making a Life: Getting Ahead,and Getting a Living in Aboriginal New South Wales

ABSTRACT This paper offers an ethnographically grounded examination of the intersections between work, employment and identity for Indigenous people living in a country town in far western New South Wales, Australia. It argues that work, employment and labour are locally deployed categories that meet mainstream discourse in a precarious fashion and, that this disjunction has clear material and ideological repercussions. For most Aboriginal people in Wilcannia, you are who you are, not by virtue of what you have ‘become’ in any economic, professional or educational sense. Who you are is not a becoming, it is established at birth. These genealogical forms of being through kinship see a construction of self which in many ways is at variance to the standard ‘autonomous self‐regulating individual’ (Sennett 1998:215). This sense of self, for most, is not determined by engagement in the capitalist division of labour; indeed, the greater the engagement in the capitalist economy, the more problematic and fraught a sense of self and of belonging can become.     

对称赞语回应之“thank you”的研究

致谢作为一种和谐性的言语行为,本质上是礼貌的,与道歉,命令,祝贺和许诺一样,它与人们的日常生活密切相关。致谢同时又是我们日常生活中发生频率很高的一种言语行为。正确地表达致谢有着重要的社会价值。本研究从理论上增进了我们有关致谢言语行为的知识,从实践上可以帮助我们建立一个良好的人际关系和和谐的社会氛围。     

Transport Geography: A bit of a caveat here and there1

But you must also be aware of another distinct bias nearly all of the examples are from the United States, Canada, Britain and Sweden. Is it fair? Are the new ideas to be found almost exclusively in these four countries —what the French call les Anglo-Saxons. Is this where the explosion in modern geography started, and continues to gather its strength? Now I am probably going to make myself extremely unpopular around the world but I am going to answer Yes to those three questions with a bit of a caveat here and there—which is the Latin word for a loophole you can wriggle out of if you have to     

WIND-HORSEFLAGE：COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MAN AND ALL THINGS UNDER HEAVEN

In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, colorful sutra streamers catch the eye everywhere. They join snow-capped peaks, grassland, wilderness and glistening monasteries to form a unique sight in Tibetan-inhabited areas.     

漫话彩笺（七）

第六章 文人制笺及其他 自制诗笺虽创自女诗人薛涛，但“薛涛笺”之名却出自他人。元代的赵孟，“摩靖节像，其纸亦松雪斋自制笺，粉中隐起八分书‘子昂’二字”，才正式开了后代文人自制名号笺的先河。     

The Dissents of John Marshall Harlan I

I want to start by offering you two quotations. Both are from Harlan's famous dissent from Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, when the rest of the Justices held that it was constitutional to segregate people according to their race. The first quotation is famous; the second is not well-known—in fact, some of you may have never heard it before. Here is the first quotation:     

漫话彩笺

一、形制 认识彩笺的第一步,是了解它的形制。不过,这样做的时候,我们会遇到一个不小的障碍：现存的绝大部分明清尺牍,几乎都经过了藏家的装裱甚至裁切,因此已不能完全反映笺纸的原貌了。要搞清它们原先的模样,需要分辨装裱前后不同的痕迹,做些推测。     

漫话彩笺（五）

第四章画笺：花鸟与博物 一、花鸟 明代的画笺,以万历、崇祯为一个转折点。这一转折,包括两个方面：一是印刷,由砑光转向套色,这我们在第二章已经作过交代;二是绘图,由简率变得工细,无论花鸟、山水,还是人物、博古,莫不如此,这与书籍插图的蜕变同步。     

北朝袒右肩陶俑初探

北朝时期,战事频繁,社会动荡不安,民族关系复杂,不同文化不断碰撞、交流和融合.在这种大环境下,北朝时期的文化艺术呈现出多姿多彩的面貌.袒右肩陶俑是北朝墓葬中使用的一类特殊陶俑,数量不多,但非常富有特色.本文试图在详细统计资料的基础上,初步探讨袒右肩陶俑的主要特征及其出现原因.     

A Clerk's View

One enduring challenge of being a law clerk for Justice Stevens was trying to prove, at least to yourself, that the Justice actually needed a clerk. He could do it all himself—and he frequently did. It wasn't just the fact that he drafted his own opinions, although that was definitely part of it. (What exactly do you say as a young, recent lawschool graduate when he gives you his polished and carefully conceived draft?“Good effort, Justice, I think you’re coming along nicely”?) And it wasn't just the fact that he would read the same mountain of briefs as you and then come up with an insight that nobody had seen and that irrevocably turned the case on its side for all concerned, including the lawyers and the other Justices.     

稻熟·鱼肥·美酒飘香——奇妙的水族端节

水族端节习俗中,农耕稻作文化的特征,节日的时间、庆典活动内容等,都反映水族同胞丰富多彩的民族文化。     

Review of Edward A. Purcell, Jr., Brandeis and the Progressive Constitution: Erie , the Judicial Power, and the Politics of Federal Courts in Twentieth-Century America

One of my strongest memories of law school remains the first class in “Federal Courts.” The teacher began by asking if anyone could explain the holding in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins (1938).2 Several students raised their hands, and the answer was soon forthcoming. Federal courts were bound by the decisional rules of the state courts in the states in which theywere located; there is no federal common law. “Very good,” the teacher said. “If you know that, why are you taking this course?”     

金元时期红绿彩瓷发展脉络及时代特征初探

红绿彩,过去称之为＂宋加彩＂,是金元时期磁州窑最具特色的产品之一,在河北、河南、山西、山东等北方诸多窑场中均有生产,以绘画生动流畅、色彩浓郁艳丽、装饰题材富有生活情趣而著名。一.红绿彩瓷创烧年代的确立及研究现状由于认识的局限,一直以来红绿彩瓷未得到应有的重视,直到20世纪20年代,日本学者才给予了关注,称红绿彩为＂宋赤绘＂。