Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Movements in Latin America and the World

Marvin Harris. Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches: The Riddles of Culture. New York: Random House, 1974. 276 pp. References. $7.95 (cloth).     

Christianity and Indigenous Peoples: A Personal Overview

This article summarizes its author's response over more than 30 years to the various arguments advanced against the possibility of the appropriation of Christianity by indigenous peoples. It sets out the intellectual and evidential reasons for rejecting these arguments. However, it admits that while indigenous appropriation of Christianity is always possible, under some circumstances it has been improbable. Many indigenous peoples have made use of Christianity but in the past there has been comparatively little appropriation by Native Americans or Australian Aborigines. This article explores the reasons for this. When the factors that have accounted for resistance and rejection rather than adaption no longer exist, it may be expected that Aborigines will indeed appropriate Christianity. The article concludes with a brief examination of academic work on African appropriations and suggests that new developments in Aboriginal Christianity will reveal how far comparisons can be made.     

Indigenous myths and nation building in Latin America

In Latin America, ethnicity is equated with indigenity. It is an objective of this article to review the legacy of Anthony Smith regarding the vitality of the ethnic past and the myth of origin, as the core of his theory of nationalism based on the weight of ethnocentrism. To this end, we address two routes, the use of the ethnic past and ethnicity by nationalists and founders of the state and, how indigenous intellectuals, on the other, have found a reinvention of their identities through various myths of Amerindian origin. Ethnic myths and the use of the ethnic past have been accepted, denied or rejected by nationalists, while indigenous peoples adhere to their own myths or seek to reinvent them. Mythical information is a component of identity but also requires institutions to disseminate such information among the group.     

Photography and Latin American Ruins

Ever since the nineteenth century photographers have regularly turned to Latin American ruins to express a diverse range of scientific, colonial, aesthetic and spiritual desires. This article looks at photographs of Latin American ruins from the nineteenth century through several archaeological expeditions in Central and South America over the course of the twentieth century. Focusing in particular on photographs of ruins that include human subjects, I argue that the human-material interactions evident in these images undermine the traditional view of a split between the archaeological subject and the material object, serving as a reminder of the political actuality of ‘classical’ ruins, sites that have sometimes been left out of the West’s contemporary fascination with the dark underbelly of modernity. Acknowledging that such politics is by no means always innocent, sometimes reflecting as it does the embedded power relations of neo-colonial desires, I argue nonetheless that ancient ruins in Latin America continue to be spaces around which social relations can be formed, not least through humour and pleasure.     

问题与出路：中国拉丁美洲史研究的反思——现代化史观与拉美史研究

史学的发展需要不断地进行批判性的自我反思,以便及时发现问题和调整发展的思路与方向。这种反思不但是一门学科不断走向成熟和具有生命力的体现,而且是该学科的研究者主体意识的表现。中国的拉丁美洲历史研究迄今已走过了百年的风雨历程,但其真正的发展却是从20世纪50年代末60年代初开始的,并在80年代和90年代初出现了短暂的兴盛局面,取得了较大的成绩。90年代中期以来,拉美史这门年轻的学科却明显地出现了萎缩现象,陷入了困境状态。为什么会出现这种现象？我们已有的拉美史研究究竟存在着哪些问题？与国外同行相比存在着哪些差距？中国的拉丁美洲历史研究如何才能走出困境,实现全面复兴？这些不仅仅是这门年轻的学科本身所必须思索的问题,而且这些问题的解决对于和拉丁美洲各国一样同属于发展中国家的中国的现实历史的发展也具有重大的实践意义。有鉴于此,本刊特邀福建师范大学社会历史学院王晓德教授主持了本期“问题与出路：中国拉丁美洲史研究的反思”笔谈,约请中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所和世界历史研究所、北京大学、复旦大学等单位的拉丁美洲史研究专家,就上述问题各自阐述了其真知灼见,进行了非常有意义的对话和交流。这组文章能否对改变目前中国的拉丁美洲史研究的状况有所裨益,我们将俟诸读者的评析。[编者按]     

现代化史观与拉美史研究

史学的发展需要不断地进行批判性的自我反思,以便及时发现问题和调整发展的思路与方向。这种反思不但是一门学科不断走向成熟和具有生命力的体现,而且是该学科的研究者主体意识的表现。中国的拉丁美洲历史研究迄今已走过了百年的风雨历程,但其真正的发展却是从20世纪50年代末60年代初开始的,并在80年代和90年代初出现了短暂的兴盛局面,取得了较大的成绩。90年代中期以来,拉美史这门年轻的学科却明显地出现了萎缩现象,陷入了困境状态。为什么会出现这种现象?我们已有的拉美史研究究竟存在着哪些问题?与国外同行相比存在着哪些差距?中国的拉丁美洲历史研究如何才能走出困境,实现全面复兴?这些不仅仅是这门年轻的学科本身所必须思索的问题,而且这些问题的解决对于和拉丁美洲各国一样同属于发展中国家的中国的现实历史的发展也具有重大的实践意义。有鉴于此,本刊特邀福建师范大学社会历史学院王晓德教授主持了本期“问题与出路:中国拉丁美洲史研究的反思”笔谈,约请中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所和世界历史研究所、北京大学、复旦大学等单位的拉丁美洲史研究专家,就上述问题各自阐述了其真知灼见,进行了非常有意义的对话和交流。这组文章能否对改变目前中国的拉丁美洲史研究的状况有所裨益,我们将俟诸读者的评析。     

元代贵州土著民族内附考论

元代前期贵州土著民族的内附大致经历了"附→叛→附"这样一个过程。在此过程中,总体上是以"附而复叛"、"时附时叛"为主要特征的,金山洞摩崖是元代贵州土著民族内附的有力见证。元中央政府对贵州土著的管控前期宽严相济,后期趋宽趋柔,以土司制度为主,辅以郡县制度,呈现出以土官为主,土流结合的趋势。随着内附平稳期的到来,元代贵州各土著民族在政治、经济、文化、教育诸方面迎来了发展的新机遇,也为贵州在明代建省打下了基础。     

Reflections on the Latin American Contribution to Development Theory

ABSTRACT During the last decade a series of essays by prominent development theorists were published in which it was argued that development theory was in crisis. In my view the First World bias of development theory has contributed to its shortcomings. This bias is evidenced by the failure of development theory seriously to examine and incorporate into its mainstream the theories emanating from the Third World. In this paper I deal with the Latin American contribution to development theory. While development theorists have given some attention to dependency studies and structuralism, far too little appreciation has been given to the writings on marginality and internal colonialism. However, the significance of the structuralist school for development thinking and practice has yet to be fully acknowledged. Furthermore, dependency theory has been much distorted and key dependency writers have been completely ignored, especially in the Anglo-Saxon world. The following themes of the multi-stranded Latin American development school are examined: the debate on reform or revolution, the structuralist or centre-periphery paradigm, the analyses on internal colonialism and marginality, and the dependency studies. Wherever relevant the key differing positions within the Latin American school are presented. I then proceed to examine the shortcomings as well as the contemporary relevance of these Latin American theories of development and underdevelopment.     

欧美博物馆藏品注销制度与规则

注销是指将藏品从博物馆藏品清单及库房中移除的行为。欧美博物馆在注销方面已有比较成熟的经验,为保证注销过程的规范化,博物馆专业组织及诸多博物馆都订立注销标准,以"符合博物馆宗旨""不能因营利目的注销"为基本原则,并辅以藏品保存状况、独特性、可用性等方面的考量。在处置已注销物品时,博物馆会优先采用非出售的方式,并且尽量将藏品保留在"公共领域",以保护公众利益。虽然藏品注销极易引起争议,但也有正面意义。藏品"只入不出"的做法在某种程度上并不利于博物馆可持续发展,注销有助于优化馆藏、节约资源,对于藏品管理颇具正面意义。     

拉丁美洲与加勒比地区的国际移民——兼论中国移民的生存发展空间

通过对拉美历史上四次国际移民历史和趋向的发展变化、非法移民及其原因、移民侨汇对国民经济的重大影响、移民跨国中小企业的形成与发展等方面的分析,探讨了拉丁美洲与加勒比地区国际移民的历史、现状以及中国移民在这一地区的生存与发展空间。