NEW BOOKS

Tibetan Race and Eastern Tibet CivilizationAuthored by Shi Shu, the book probes into the source of Tibetan race and its relations with the ancient civilization in the Henduan mountainous area in eastern Tibet.The book is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is devoted to ancient civilization of eastern Tibet; the second chapter to the source of the Tibetan race plus related stories; the third chapter to the source and ties between Mo tribe and tribes in the Henduan mountainous area; the fifth chapter to Yi people in the Henduan mountainous area in ancient time; and the sixth chapter to concluding remarks.The 32-mo book, running to 235,000 words, has been published by the Sichuan People's Publishing House and is priced at 32 Yuan per copy.     

New Books

<正>Moinyul,the Hiding Paradise This is the first book produced in China concerning the Moinyul area in Tibet.Consisting of a total of 23 chapters and 13 invaluable historical attached files,the book is written by Pasang Norbu and narrates the history and culture of Moinpa and the people living there all the way from the ninth to nineteenth century.The book was published     

Sexism in English from Sociolinguistics

Language, as a mirror, reflects every side of human society and the culture. As a social problem, sexism exists in all language, including English, reflecting women’s degraded social status in the men-dominated society. With the development of civilization, elimination of sexism against women has made some achievements. The paper tries to analyze the reasons of sexism from different perspectives by illustrating sexism in English, in order to advocate the beginning of language reforms to reduce sexism in English.     

REVIEWS

With the development of the women's movement and the impact of feminism,a great number of books dealing with Greek and Roman Women have been published. All of these books tried to trace the history of women in order to break the mainstream classical scholarship, which paid little attention to women. Among them Arethusa's Women in Antiquity (1973) shows us the separate and individual study in ancient women; Sarah B. Pomeroy's Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves:Women in Classical Antiquity (1975) aims to write a social history of women through the centuries in the Greek and Roman worlds;     

Female Workers,Political Mobilization,and the Meaning of Revolutionary Citizenship in Beijing, 1948-1950

After entering Beijing in January 1949, the Communist Party immediately sent cadres to local factories in order to mobilize female industrial workers into a women＇s movement and to establish the idea of ＂revolutionary citizenship.＂ The Party wished to nurture this idea in both the local political arena and in women＇s lives inside and outside the factories. This article demonstrates that a host of factors defined revolutionary citizenship, including party directives, choices in revolutionary strategy, cadres＇ interpretations of directives and their own initiatives, and workers＇ reactions to mobilization. It was in this complex mix of mobilization, women＇s strategies to protect and advance their own interests, and the politics of group representation in the revolution, that female workers came to understand the meaning and impact of revolutionary citizenship and the shape of labor-state relations in the emerging socialist China.     

Challenging the Limit of Life （Ⅰ）

In early November 2004, the TAR Federation of Trade Unions and its female workers committee cited female workers in the forefront of track-laying with the China Railway No. 11 Bureau Group. It was the first time for me to come to Amdo to interview this group of women who toil at an altitude of nearly 5,000 meters in disregard of freezing cold nights.     

Beyond Exemplar Tales: Women's Biography in Chinese History

This volume brings together accounts of biographies of women covering a span of history from the Han dynasty to the mid-twentieth century.Its aim is to define and provide interpretive clues on the genre.It is,as the editors Joan Judge and Hu Ying point out,partly a study of epistemology,as many of the authors grapple with the issue of whether or not historians can claim to know the lives,including the inner worlds,of Chinese women through time,using biographical information.That seems to me a bit of a "straw wo/man," for knowledge of historical subjects is always mediated by sources.Nonetheless,the contributors,writing from the perspective of history or literature studies,bring a wide variety of viewpoints to bear on questions of the usefulness of women's biography for understanding changes in society,and in the process introduce some fascinating Chinese women.     

The Urban “Cultural Nexus of Power”： Intellectual Elites in Shanghai and Beijing, 1900-1937

In the decades before the full-scale war with Japan in 1937, a robust series of institutions connected the bourgeois with intellectuals （which included professionals and journalists, as well as academics） in Shanghai. Collectively, these institutions can be understood as forming an urban ＂cultural nexus of power＂ that allowed non-state actors to effectively control aspects of Shanghai＇s political life. This bourgeois-intellectual alliance was not inevitable; no similar bonds existed between these same two groups in Beijing. It was forged in Shanghai due to the city＇s unique historical position as a Treaty Port and its dynamic economy, which included an extensive structure of private higher education and a market-based publishing industry. Unlike the rural ＂cultural nexus of power＂ originally described by Prasenjit Duara, this urban nexus grew stronger during the political and economic changes of the early twentieth century. War and revolution in the 1930s and 1940s, however, destroyed the connections between the bourgeoisie and the intellectuals, ending the vibrant urban environment they had created.     

Guo XIA, IHAC

R.J. Rhodes‘s reader focuses on the political institutions, political activity, history and nature of Athenian democracy and introduces some of the best British,American, German, and French scholarship on its origins, theory, and practice. The chapters of this book are grouped according to the kind of topic investigated, and variety of approaches will be found in each part of the book. Part I is devoted to political institutions, with chapters on Athenian citizenship (Chapter 1),     

Bosker,Bianca, Original Copies： Architectural Mimicry in Contemporary China

The discovery and recognition of the value and potential of a society＇s ＂low culture＂ often require an outsider＇s eyes. During the Meiji period, while Japanese elites were immersed in the ink painting of literati tradition （bunjinga）, visiting Europeans were fascinated by the cheap and popular ukiyo-e prints, which had the earthly pleasure-the floating world-as the main subjects and were considered vulgar by serious scholars and artists of the time. In contemporary China,     

Stepping into the Public World： Cases of Guixiu Philanthropic Activities in Late Qing China

This article explores the of certain elite women during late little-known public philanthropic activities Qing China. By examining contemporary newspapers, it traces the new development of women＇s philanthropic engagement and further analyzes two cases, one on disaster relief and the other on women＇s education, to illustrate the issues, controversies and achievements that went along with women＇s philanthropy. It demonstrates how philanthropy, a traditionally-sanctioned field for women＇s activism, legitimatized women to move out of domestic seclusion and reposition themselves in the public sphere in a crucial transitional era when for ＂good women＂ to appear in public was something hotly debated, and how through philanthropic opportunities some were able to engage with political affairs. The broad social impact of their initiatives suggests the continued importance of traditional elite women during China＇s transition to the modern era; it challenges some of our previous notions, which often unthinkingly accepted the verdict of ＂New Women＂ that those who did not embrace their path to modernity were parasitic, unproductive, and backward. By looking carefully at philanthropy, the article reveals fascinating issues and rich details of women＇s public activities that previous historical narratives have often overlooked. It helps to understand how reconfigured traditions became essential components of modernity in the development of modern Chinese gender roles. It also adds a gender perspective to the burgeoning historiography on Chinese philanthropy.     

Intolerable Cruelty： Marriage,Law, and Society in Early Twentieth-Century China

In Intolerable Cruelty： Marriage, Law, and Society in Early Twentieth-Century China, Margaret Kuo argues that legal reforms allowed wives in the Republican era unprecedented opportunities to leave abusive or undesirable marriages. In addition to reevaluating Republican-era law, Kuo significantly contributes to scholarship by acknowledging the agency of the wives who brought forth their cases in court. In contrast to CCP scholarship that ＂has worked to expunge GMD contributions＂ to women＇s rights and family law （p. 12）, Kuo argues that the Republican era offered flexible solutions during ＂an important transitional period＂ （19. 198）.     

NEW BOOKS

Study of Tibetan Language PhoneticsAuthored by Jiang De, this book, the first of its kind ever published in China, comes of six chapters. They are respectively on methods resorted to study phonetics of Tibetan language, distribution of people of the Tibetan ethnic group in history, phonetic system of the Tibetan language, evolution of Tibetan letters, and pronunciation.When writing the book the author took into whole consideration of different dialects prevalent outside Tibet,     

Famous Tibetologists In and Outside China

It is the fact that scholars outside China plunged into studying King Gesar earlier than their Chinese counterparts, and Biography of King Gesar in Mongolian printed using woodcarving blocks appeared earlier than the hand-copied Gesar.In 1716, Beijing published the first seven chapters of Biography of King Gesser in Mongolian, printed using woodcarving blocks, which soon spread overseas to the great interest of scholars in Russia and Germany. A Russian scholar turned the Beijing edition into Russian in 1936, and made an analysis of the epic.In 1883, G.N. Potanin, a Russian scholar, found a hand-copied volume of the epic in Amdo, and quoted part of it in his treatises, thus beginning the history of the Tibetan epic being introduced to the outside world. In 1900, A. H. Francke, a missionary, published his edition of King Gesar that contained originals jotted     

NEW BOOKS

My Stories in Tibet Liao Dongfan,author and renowned scholar in Tibetan studies (being particularly well- versed in Tibetan folklore and popular culture) headed to Tibet and began his career there after graduating from the Chinese Literature Department of Peking University in 1961.In his 24 years of work on the plateau he devoted his time to studying the popular culture and folklore of Tibetans.     

From Tongbo Village to Widow Village—The Legacy of the Chinese Civil War

Located on Dongshan Island,off the coast of Fujian province,is a typical rural village called Tongbo.On May 10,1950,147 men were abducted by the KMT army on its way to Taiwan.Since a majority of the men were already married,overnight,their wives became "widows," and most would remain so for the rest of their lives.Consequently,Tongbo village became more widely known as Widow Village.The first objective of this paper is to document the tragic experiences of men and women in Tongbo village,focusing on these forced separations in 1950,the possibility of reunion after 1987,and the struggle to cope with the difficulties in between.The second objective of this paper is to argue that while heartbreaking,the experiences of this village are not extraordinary in the context of the Chinese Civil War.What made the men and women in Tongbo extraordinary is not their collective suffering,but how these villagers suffered less,not more,than in many other places,because of the actions of three key figures.     

NEW BOOKS

My Stories in Tibet Liao Dongfan,author and renowned scholar in Tibetan studies (being particularly well- versed in Tibetan folklore and popular culture) headed to Tibet and began his career there after graduating from the Chinese Literature Department of Peking University in 1961.In his 24 years of work on the plateau he devoted his time to studying the popular culture and folklore of Tibetans.     

The Application of Domestication and Foreignization in Love Is Not Blind

<正>Love Is Not Blind is adapted from a popular Internet novel of the same name,written by Bao Jingjing.It is the first love movie made for Single’s Day in Mainland China.There are many cultural factors in the lines.While introducing the movie to foreigners,the translators will need to use the methods of domestication and foreignization.1.TheApplication ofDomesticationinloveis notblind The so-called"domestication"refers to the method of translation by which the culture of the target language is based on the     

Bossler,Beverly, Courtesans,Concubines, and the Cult of Female Fidelity

Employing a wealth of detailed evidence, the author of the book portrays an ambitious picture of gender relations in the roughly five centuries from late-Tang to late-Yuan. In order to make the incredibly complicated picture more organized, Bossier divides the book chronologically into three time periods, the Northern Song （with a little part touching on the late Tang）, the Southern Song, and the Yuan. Within each time period, Bossier analyzes three major categories of women---courtesans, concubines, and wives--in that sequence. Such arrangement is a clear sign of her argument： from Song to Yuan, writings on men＇s romantic relationship with courtesans gradually gave way to wives＇ fidelity and obligations, which was being applied more generally to all women, including courtesans, courtesan-concubines, and concubines. The application of wifely virtue to all women promoted the status of concubines within the family, as they were expected to behave and be treated like respectable wives. As a consequence, wives＇ authority declined, especially when sons produced by wives and concubines received equal treatment. Such a practice stressed the importance of paternal side while ignoring the maternal one, hence greatly intensified the patriline.