THE SIZE OF NATURE RESERVES AND COSTS OF THEIR MAINTENANCE

A paper devoted to nature reserve size in the USSR, and more specifically to whether the areas of such reserves are adequate in particular natural zones and for particular species, determines that too many zapovedniki presently are too small to carry out their intended functions properly. In fact, until quite recently, in spite of a dramatic expansion of the total area and number of nature reserves, average reserve size has decreased. A trend toward decreasing reserve size and increasing per hectare maintenance expenditures can be noted as the level of economic development characteristic of particular natural zones increases (translated by Jay K. Mitchell, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, DC 20005).     

TERRITORIAL STRUCTURES OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND THEIR PARAMETRIZATION

The systems approach is applied to the study of economic-geographic objects with a view to elaborating a parametrization of the territorial structures of the national economy. Four basic parameters are distinguished: territorial concentration, territorial differentiation, territorial integration and territorial composition. Each parameter, in turn, is broken down into subparameters and into aspects. The parameter of territorial differentiation and its aspects (fineness of subdivision, contrastivity, zonality, etc.) are discussed in detail, and some measures are suggested.     

感知距离与游客满意度影响关系研究

游客感知的内容与形式,取决于对距离本身的感知。行为地理学认为存在着环境意象,且与实际行为之间存在着密切的联系,对于旅游点的吸引力真正起影响作用的是感知距离而不是客观距离。本研究利用2008年九寨沟问卷调查数据,采用排序Logit模型与单因素方差分析定量分析了游客感知距离与满意度的相互影响关系。研究发现:(1)感知距离对游客满意度的影响是一种正向积极的影响;(2)九寨沟游客的旅游花费对于游客的满意度是呈现正向的影响;(3)游客的满意度会显著影响到感知距离的估计,游客估计的感知距离会随着满意度的提升而减小。     

CERAMIC SIEVES OF THE LINEAR POTTERY CULTURE AND THEIR ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS

Summary. Fragments of ceramic sieves constitute a widespread, but littleknown element in the ceramic inventories of Linear Pottery sites in temperate Europe. These sieves appear to have functioned as strainers for separating curds from whey in cheese production, on the basis of parallels with later archaeological cultures and ethnographic examples. Archaeozoological data support the hypothesis that dairy production has a greater antiquity than has been hitherto accepted. The sieves played an important role in early dairy production, for the manufacture of cheese was an essential step in the exploitation of milk by populations who possibly had a high level of lactose intolerance.     

东北亚地区矿产资源及其生产要素区位平衡的分析

作为亚太地区组成部分的东北亚地区,主要包括中国东北、俄罗斯远东地区、朝鲜、韩国、日本和蒙古。这六个国家(地区)相互毗邻,联系密切,而且交通方便,运输距离短。     

THE SONAM DAWAS AND THEIR GRANDSON

On the afternoon of July 2, 2012, accompanied by my interpreter, I visited the home of SonamDawa and his wife Tsering Drolkar. It was less than 200 meters from the Namseling village committee. This was an unplanned interview. What led us here was that I had asked my interpreter to take me to a family with elders. For over two hours, we sat in the little courtyard of Sonam＇s home and listened to him talk about his family.     

都市圈发展的新背景、新趋势及其规划响应

随着经济全球化的深入发展,城市之间的竞争日益加剧,城市发展越来越呈现出区域化特征,大都市成为了世界城市和城市化发展的主流。在这样的新背景之下,都市圈发展呈现出一些新的趋势,中心性进一步强化并出现多中心的新形式,空间扩散广域化并日趋连绵成片,区域进一步融合并且跨界发展明显。世界各主要都市圈的规划纷纷对这些新形势做出了响应,即以全球性、整体性的视角来审视都市圈发展所面临的问题,致力于形成多中心的空间结构,促进产业扩散与转移,对交通进行网络化整合,并建立类似都市圈政府的机构对都市圈规划进行管理。这些良好的经验可以作为我国都市圈理论研究和规划实践的有益借鉴。     

英美会展专业课程体系探讨及其对中国会展专业建设的启示

会展经济是市场经济的产物,大力发展会展经济,对推动社会经济起着巨大的作用.会展与现代经济的密切关联决定了会展人才的培养要适应会展市场对人才的需求.因此,培养会展市场需要的高素质人才是高等院校教育工作者亟待解决的问题.课程结构体系是实现人才培养目标、提高人才培养质量的核心所在.而国内高等院校会展课程设置缺乏体系,造成泛而杂、全而乱等问题,影响了人才培养目标的实现.本文对美国乔治·华盛顿大学会展管理专业和英国利兹城市大学会展专业的课程体系进行了细致的分析,旨在为新办会展经济与管理专业院校的课程体系及人才培养提供可借鉴的发展思路.     

THE EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF UNBIASED MAHALANOBIS DISTANCES AND THEIR INTERPRETATION IN ARCHAEOMETRY*

This paper argues for cross-validation to reduce bias in estimating Mahalanobis distances of individuals to groups, a particular problem with small sample sizes. Formulae for the efficient computation of cross-validated distances, which avoid excessive matrix inversion, are given. The use of Mahalanobis distances as measures of consistency, or as indications of outlying values, is described. The little-known technique of gamma plotting is outlined and discussed as an aid to interpreting distances in these terms. Both cross-validation and gamma plotting are illustrated in an example on marble composition.     

非洲港口城市分布特征及其港城规模关系比较

非洲港口城市是联结中非贸易网络的重要节点,承担了资源配置的重要功能。以城市地理学的角度,着眼于非洲港口城市发展现状。选取2015年集装箱吞吐量在5万TEU以上的34个非洲沿海港口城市为研究对象,对非洲主要港口城市的分布格局进行探讨。借助位序规模法则和相对集中指数（RCI）,对34个港口城市的体系分布特征,以及在不同尺度下的港城规模关系现状进行比较。研究认为：①非洲主要港口和城市体系满足位序规模特征,大洲尺度下主要港口体系较为合理,城市体系规模较为集中;②非洲大陆港口城市整体布局不完善,国家内部存在港口城市首位度过高的现象普遍;③部分港口城市港城规模脱节现象较为严重;④不同区域港口城市发展差异较大,表现为北非、南非港口体系较为发达,西非、中非港口规模落后于城市规模,东非港城规模较为均衡但缺少大区级港口。结合非洲港口城市发展特点,提出了中国企业开展对非港口投资的建议。     

安徽省旅游经济发展及其对国民经济作用分析

利用1995年至2011年安徽省旅游业发展统计数据分析了安徽省旅游经济发展构成要素。根据贡献率和拉动率的大小分析了旅游总收入、国内旅游收入和国际外汇收入对安徽省GDP的作用,并通过宾馆床位及旅行社数量变化对旅游总收入的弹性分析了旅游要素的效应。研究表明:①安徽旅游收入总体呈跨越式增长,旅游收入波动性比较明显,旅游收入构成上硬性收入(食、住、行、游)比重高,软性收入(购、娱)比重低。②旅游人次呈现快速增加趋势,入境旅游人次波动性较国内旅游人次强,入境旅游人次占总接待人次比重不高,只占1%左右。③无论是贡献率还是拉动率,国内旅游收入对安徽省GDP的影响相较于旅游外汇收入都具有绝对的优势。④旅游总收入对宾馆床位及旅行社数量变化的敏感性大。     

我国城市化的现实问题及其对未来经济可持续发展的影响

文章对我国城市化现状进行了分析,指出我国城市化存在三大问题,即城市化滞后于工业化、城市化滞后于非农化、城市用地规模外延式扩展。在此基础上分析了加快城市化进程对刺激消费、扩大内需,摆脱市场疲软局面,促进我国经济可持续发展的影响,指出提高城市化水平是促进我国经济可持续发展的有效途径。     

福建省海岛旅游的特点与开发利用设想

福建省具有十分丰富的海岛旅游资源,其开发利用近年来越来越为人们所重视。本文在实地调查的基础上,阐述了福建海岛旅游资源的基本类型和主要内容,从规模、功能、分布、组合等方面对其主要特点进行了分析和评价,指出了其开发利用中存在的主要问题,提出了以开发海滨沙滩为核心,以度假旅游为主要方向的福建海岛旅游资原开发利用的总体设想和对策措施。     

旅游者的民宿认同机制及行为差异研究

基于认同理论的角度,从民宿实体品牌和虚拟社群两个层面的互动影响机制进行理论模型的建构,深入探讨旅游者的民宿选择行为的影响方式,并从人地关系的角度,进一步探究旅游者的民宿选择行为空间差异。结果表明：①构建的关系模式解释力强,两个互动关系路径不仅能全面解释影响旅游者的民宿认同机理,也可用于解释旅游者的民宿选择行为空间差异形成的因素;②旅游者的民宿品牌认同对社群认同、品牌信任和品牌承诺有显著正向影响,社群认同和品牌信任对社群参与和品牌承诺有显著正向影响,社群参与显著正向影响品牌承诺和旅游者行为,品牌信任和品牌承诺正向显著影响旅游者行为;③民宿品牌信任、社群参与、品牌承诺在各自维度关系上具有显著的部分中介效应,验证了旅游者的民宿空间选择行为的差异;④乡村旅游者分类进行群组比较,有助于进一步识别模型的路径关系。     

RELIGION,SOCIALISM,AND THEIR COMPATIBILITY:THE DEEP INSIGHTS OF THE 10TH PANCHEN LAMA

正Panchen Erdeni Choskyi Gyaltsen has a very special place in the hearts of the Tibetan people. One of the most beloved religious figures and a great master in the world of Buddhism, the 10th Panchen Lama has spent his entire life doing whatever possible to strengthen a feeling of solidarity among Chinese ethnicities and maintain a sense of national unity among the great many forces attempting to fragment China and scatter its people. His efforts have included a close and amicable