European Ideas of Peace in the Late Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries

This article explores the diversity of the European idea of peace in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. In the late Middle Ages, a literary genre of “peace writings” emerged. Despite the ubiquitous academic interest in peace, however, late medieval scholastic conceptions of peace have hitherto escaped serious scholarly investigation. Drawing on Johan Galtung's classic typology of the idea of peace, this essay offers an examination of the discussions of Thomas Aquinas, Remigio de’ Girolami, and Dante on peace, which not only illustrates the diversity of late medieval visions of peace but also argues that late medieval thinkers shared the recognition that temporal peace was possible: a significant departure from the Christian skepticism of this-worldly peace.     

Civic Virtues in Dominican Homiletic Literature in Tuscany in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries

Abstract

From an historical perspective, the theological writings of Remigio dei Girolami and the preaching ad populum of Giordano da Pisa (different in content, form, and language) present themselves as specula societatis which reflect many aspects of contemporary urban society, and show the various levels of Dominican pastoral activity. In them the moral behaviour of the individual acquires a social dimension, extending out from the private to the public sphere and involving the whole civic community. The concepts of common-good, of justice, of peace and concord, of pardon linked to patience and mercy are presented as 'civic virtues', and are introduced into the local communal life. However, the difference between theory and reality, between models of behaviour and actual practice, leads the two friars to adopt an extremely pragmatic attitude: the object of their pastoral aim is the identification and the explanation of virtuous conduct rather than the analysis and definition of virtue as a concept. This is a method which tries to find a compromise, a point of contact between two cultures, religious and lay, and which dovetails with the moralization of individual and collective behaviour which is at the core of the treatises of Remigio and the sermons of Giordano.     

Fairtytales from Inedited Hebrew MSS. of the Ninth and Twelfth Centuries

PSYCHOLOGY AND FOLK-LORE, by R. R. MARETT, M.A., D.Sc. London: Methuen &; Co. Ltd. 1920. Price 7s. 6d. net. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland.

PRIMITIVE SOCIETY : THE BEGINNINGS OF THE FAMILY AND THE RECKONING OF DESCENT, by EDWIN SIDNEY HARTLAND, LL.D., F.S.A., Hon. F.R.S.A. (Ireland). London: Methuen &; Co. 1921. Pp. v, 180. Price 6s. net. Reviewed by E. N. Fallaize.

THE ORIGIN OF MAN AND OF HIS SUPERSTITIONS, by CARVETH READ. Cambridge: University Press. 1920. 18s. net. Reviewed by A. C. Haddon.

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (Patna University Readership Lectures, 1920), by RAI BAHUDUR SARAT CHANDRA ROY, M.A. Patna, 1920. 5 Rs. Reviewed by A. C. Haddon.     

18～19世纪英国志愿医院兴起初探

在18、19世纪的英国,很多志愿医院为穷人提供免费医疗救济.英国志愿医院是伴随着市民社会的出现而诞生的,体现了人道主义和基督教精神,是慈善事业与自治传统相结合的产物,给予了穷人大量的帮助.     

12-14世纪英国小城镇兴起初探

中世纪经济史的研究表明,12-14世纪西欧各地出现了封建社会的“城市化”浪潮。英国自11世纪中叶至14世纪中叶“黑死病”发生之前,城市得到快速发展,而且按比里斯福德所说,1180-1310年问的城市发展比前期同等时间的1050-1180年间增长更快。     

Cooking Pots and Islamicization in the Early Medieval Vega of Granada (Al‐Andalus,Sixth to Twelfth Centuries)

In this paper we undertake a petrographic analysis of cooking wares in order to explore the relationship between cultural change and issues of production, consumption and distribution of cooking wares, and particularly between political authority and the location of workshops in the early Islamic Vega of Granada, a region in south‐eastern Spain. This work offers the possibility of testing the potential of thin section petrography in combination with a detailed archaeological study and a well‐documented historical background. Examination of both the technology and microprovenance of wares within the Vega has led to a fruitful set of results with an important impact on our understanding of the place of ceramic material culture on both the local and the regional scale.     

On the Fourteenth Amendment: A Textual Analysis

Abstract

The most significant and lasting results of the Civil War were the 13^th Amendment, abolishing slavery in the US, and the 14^th Amendment, protecting certain privileges, immunities, and rights of citizens and persons in the US. The meaning of the 123^th amendment has been, for the most part clear and uncontroversial. The same cannot be said for the 14^th Amendment. The language of the 14^th is much more complex than that of the 13^th and the interpretation of the meaning of the Amendment has been very controversial since the very first Supreme Court cast attempting to construe it. My article attempts to show that despite that history of controversy and uncertainty of meaning the 14^th amendment is a model of clear constitutional draftsmanship and translucence of meaning.