Reviews/Comptes Rendus

Book reviewed in this article:
GOOD CRITICISM: GUEST EDITORIAL, Michael J. Dear
Martinique Revisited: The Changing Plant Geographies of a West Indian Island, by CLARISSA KIMBER
Essays on the Historical Geography of the Canadian West: Regional Perspectives on the Settlement Process edited by L.A. ROSENVALL and S.M. EVANS
Brandon: Geographical Perspectives on the Wheat City edited by JOHN WELSTED, JOHN EVERITT and CHRISTOPH STADEL
Elementary Statistics for Geographers by GERALD M. BARBER
The Global Economic System by IAIN WALLACE     

Going places; challenging directions for the future of heritage studies

This article is a comment on: Tubridge et al., 2012. Decennial reflections on a ‘geography of heritage’ (2000). International Journal of Heritage Studies, DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2012.695038     

REVIEWS / COMPTES RENDUS

Venture Capital: International Comparisons
People, Places, Patterns, Processes: Geographical Perspectives on the Canadian Past
Creating the Second Cold War: The Discourse of Politics
Industrial Dislocation: The Case of Global Shipbuilding
Choosing Canada's Capital: Conflict Resolution in a Parliamentary System
The New Era of Global Competition: State Policy and Market Power
Resource Management and Development
Recreational Tourism: A Social Science Perspective     

Reflections on reflections,or: less gloom please – let go and celebrate

This article is a comment on: Tubridge et al., 2012. Decennial reflections on a ‘geography of heritage’ (2000). International Journal of Heritage Studies, DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2012.695038     

‘Where we need to go’: comments on ‘decennial reflections on A Geography of Heritage’

This article is a comment on: Tubridge et al., 2012. Decennial reflections on a ‘geography of heritage’ (2000). International Journal of Heritage Studies, DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2012.695038     

A geographer in heritage. Responding to ‘decennial reflections’

This article is a comment on: Tubridge et al., 2012. Decennial reflections on a ‘geography of heritage’ (2000). International Journal of Heritage Studies, DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2012.695038     

What’s in a name? A Geography of Heritage revisited

This article is a comment on: Tubridge et al., 2012. Decennial reflections on a ‘geography of heritage’ (2000). International Journal of Heritage Studies, DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2012.695038     

Vulnerability Index: A New Approach for Preventive Conservation of Monuments

A new approach is developed for vulnerability analysis of monuments based on a matrix model and the relationships with static and structural factors, climatic conditions, air quality, urban planning and social agents for preventive conservation of cultural heritage in urban centers.

The objective is to provide tools for decision-makers in the current recession to allow them to prioritize strategies for cultural heritage preservation in a town, where territorial policies are applied and regions where restoration budget is distributed. This new tool allows to classify monuments in order to prioritize restoration and is useful in deeper analysis associated to risks assessment.

The degradation of building materials and structures is mainly due to deterioration caused by structural instability, weathering, pollution, and anthropogenic damage. The vulnerability approach of each monument (vulnerability indexes) was calculated, based on a Leopold matrix that depends on intrinsic variables and the life of the monuments. For the very first time, the influence of different deterioration agents has been balanced with a Delphi forecast based on architects’ opinions.

The result is a new pre-Artificial Intelligence tool that enables users to reproduce human reasoning to study relations between vulnerability factors, risk factors, and the historical parameters of the monuments.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
English maps: a history Catherine Delano-Smith and Roger J P Kain
Cultural turns/geographical turns: perspectives on cultural geography Ian Cook, David Crouch, Simon Naylor and James Ryan
Moral geographies: ethics in a world of difference David M Smith     

Recent Research on “Incumbency Advantage” in House Elections: Part II

Research before 1978 on elections for U.S. Representative persistently raised the question of just what factors yield the advantage incumbents enjoy (Beth, 1982; Goldenberg and Traugott, 1980: 62; Fiorina, 1982: 35-38; Hinckley, 1980a: 645-646). To illuminate this question, the 1978 national election survey by Michigan's Center for Political Studies, taking the congressional district as the primary sampling unit, included extensive questions on voter contact with awareness of, and evaluation of, House candidates (Mann and Wolfinger, 1980: 133). A side effect of this design was uneven coverage of Senate races; it also happened that incumbents ran more strongly in sampled races than overall, and among respondents than in the electorate (Mann and Wolfinger: 133-136; Jacobson, 1981a: 240-242; 1981b: 185; Fiorina, 1982: 42). This essay surveys recent articles on the subject, especially those using this data.     

Capillary Active Interior Insulation Systems for Wall Retrofitting: A More Nuanced Story

To thermally upgrade exterior masonry walls, interior insulation is often the only possible retrofitting technique, especially when dealing with historic buildings. Unfortunately, it is also the riskiest post-insulation technique, as frost damage, interstitial condensation, and other damage patterns might be induced. To diminish those risks, nowadays so-called capillary active interior insulation systems are often promoted. These systems aim a minimal reduction of the inward drying potential, while interstitial condensation is buffered.

Currently, several capillary active systems are on sale. These different types have, however, widely varying properties. In this article, a closer look at the hygrothermal properties and the working principle of a number of “capillary active” interior insulation systems is made. The spread in capillary absorption coefficients and the vapor diffusion resistances of the different systems is discussed and their influence is illustrated. Based on all this, a more nuanced view on capillary active insulation systems is pursued.

Abbreviations: AC: aerated concrete; CaSi: calcium silicate; GM: glue mortar; GB: gypsum board; HAMFEM: Heat Air and Moisture Finite Element Method; MW: mineral wool; PE: polyethylene; PIR: polyisocyanurate; PUR: polyurethane; VIP: vacuum insulation panel; WFB: wood fiber board; XPS: extruded polystyrene; sd_dry: dry vapor diffusion resistance factor; µ_dry: dry vapor diffusion resistance     

农村社区选址适宜性的空间分析研究——以株洲市云田镇为例

农村社区的科学选址建设,是改善农民生产生活条件、降低建设与环境成本、提升农村基础设施与公共服务设施覆盖率的重要途径。根据国内外理论动态及我国农村实际情况,以株洲市云田镇为例,建立了一套完整的方法体系。该方法体系涵盖图面矢量化、六边形格网系统、空间标准化、因子分析、综合加权、两步聚类等要素。利用该方法体系,以及国标所规定的地形、水体、绿地、农田、道路、建成区、农村居民点、基础设施8项指标,对云田镇农村社区的选址适宜性进行综合分析。得出8项指标权重,并通过综合加权运算,得到最适宜、适宜、较适宜、不适宜、禁止选址区的分布等结果,以三维柱状图形式进行直观表达。本文的方法将为我国乡镇农村社区选址提供方法论支撑。     

Identifying sites at risk from illicit metal detecting: from CRAVED to HOPPER

Archaeological sites are at risk from acquisitive crime: this paper focuses in particular on illicit metal detecting. The effects of theft in this context are not merely financial, but have devastating impact on our knowledge and understanding of the site. Even where items are later recovered, we lose the vital clues about the precise context of an object. We therefore need to reduce the risk of theft occurring in the first place.

This paper draws on case studies from England and presents a new methodology to assess which archaeological sites may be at risk from illicit metal detecting: ‘HOPPER’ identifies the characteristics of sites likely to be targeted by offenders looking for antiquities. In brief: History (a history of finds at the site); Open (the site has physical public access, and/or is documented in the public domain); Protection (protected status can act as a beacon for offenders); Publicity (site is known about or receiving new attention); Evasion (there are known ways to escape apprehension); and Repeat victimisation (The site has been a target before). The impact of HOPPER will be its use in the field to develop a pragmatic risk assessment applicable both in a local and international context.     

Book Reviews

Books Reviewed:
Urban Dynamics and Growth: Advances in Urban Economics
Spatial Econometrics and Spatial Statistics
The Pan Am Building and the Shattering of the Modernist Dream
Up Against the Sprawl: Public Policy and the Making of Southern California
Industrial Districts: A New Approach to Industrial Change
Principles of Transport Economics
The Network Society: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
The Culture of Migration in Southern Mexico
The Influence of the World Bank on National Housing and Urban Policies: The Case of Mexico and Argentina During the 1990s
Urbanization in India: Sociological Contributions
Apple Pie and Enchiladas: Latino Newcomers in the Rural Midwest
Big Places, Big Plans
Recycling the City: The Use and Reuse of Urban Land
Dialogues in Urban and Regional Planning 1
Global America, 1915–2000
The Geography of Urban Transportation
As Borders Bend: Transnational Spaces on the Pacific Rim
The Central Valley at a Crossroads: Migration and Its Implications
Urban Development Futures in the San Joaquin Valley     

Effect of the joint type on the bearing capacity of a multi–drum column under static load

The results of an experimental study on the effect of the joints between the blocks on the ultimate bearing capacity of a multi-drum column loaded to centric vertical force and horizontal force in the middle of its height are shown. The column is approximately 2.5 m high, with one hinge at the top and another hinge at the bottom. Four types of joints between the blocks were considered: a dry joint (column C-DJ) and joints with stone powder (column C-SPJ), lead (column C-PBJ), and epoxy (column C-EPJ). The applied vertical and horizontal forces, horizontal displacement, vertical strains, and horizontal circumferential strains in the middle of the column height, as well as shortening of the column, were measured. Under axial compression, ratios between the ultimate load bearing capacities of tested columns were C-EPJ: C-DJ: C-SPJ: C-PBJ = 1: 0.68: 0.59: 0.51. The bearing capacity of the tested columns with regard to the horizontal force depended on the level of the applied centric compression force. Columns with soft joints (C-PBJ, C-SPJ) had the largest shortening and the largest horizontal displacements for the equal forces.     

The Return of Mess O’Potamia: Time,Space, and Politics in Modern Uses of Ancient Mesopotamia†

Taking its cue from Jon Stewart's satire on the Da'esh insurgence, the essay explores how the term ‘Mesopotamia’ is used in contemporary discourse on Iraqi conflict, and particularly, how the term is used to construct a complex set of temporal and spatial differences and identities.

Building on the seminal work of Zainab Bahrani, Rune Rattenborg, and Sara Pursley, the essay explores different aspects of the term ‘Mesopotamia’ and their various political consequences. It is argued that the idea of a single ‘Mesopotamian’ culture both effaces the internal differences between the various cultures of ancient Iraq, and constructs an external difference from subsequent Iraqi history. It is further shown that ‘Mesopotamia’ only came to refer to the land ‘between the rivers’ in comparatively recent times, and only definitively so during World War I. Lastly, it is argued that the attempt to base the modern unity of Iraq on ancient Mesopotamia is misguided, and sidesteps the complex history of how Iraq came to have its current form.

These various temporal and spatial threads are brought together in a final analysis of the reactions to the destruction of the ancient Iraqi past by Da'esh in 2015 and during the US occupation in 2003.     

Thin-folded Shell for the Renewal of Existing Wooden Roofs

In this article, a technique for the renewal of historic building wooden roofs is presented. The solution can be used for the strengthening of existing wooden roofs against excessive lateral thrusts on the peripheral wall or for the recovery of the attics, as it allows removing the existing structural elements, such as possible wooden truss-works of no artistic value. With minor adaptations, the solution can be addressed to enhance the building seismic performance. The technique is minimally impairing on existing buildings and can be applied also in new constructions.

The technique is based on the construction of a thin folded shell, overlaying the existing pitches. Emphasis is given to lightweight folded shells, obtained by overlaying thin plywood panels on the existing roof rafters and planks, without modifying the overall architectural layout.

The technique conceptual design is discussed and a simplified analytical method is proposed, which allows for the clarification of the role of each structural component and can be adopted for the folded shell proportioning and design. The analytical results are validated against numerical results obtained with reference to some case studies. Ultimately, emphasis is given to the detailing, whose correct execution is mandatory for the success of the proposed structural intervention.     

The Mahathir administration's war against Islamic militancy: operational and ideological challenges

Fundamentalism is a behavioural question, a psychology which cannot be fought with armadas, but only with other ideas.

King Hassan II

When the only tool you have is a hammer, you treat everything like a nail

Abraham Maslow

This article assesses the Malaysian government's confrontation with Islamic militancy in its domestic political sphere. It suggests that while the operational capacity of the Malaysian state and security forces has successfully and effectively crippled militant Islamic organisations on the home front, the long‐term success in the battle against Islamic militancy lies not in operational capacity but in the realm of the ideological contest, and it is here that the current focus on the intensification of state control and surveillance as the best means to counter militant Islam may well prove to be a misplaced strategy that will undermine the key objective of undercutting sympathy and support for those militant groups purporting to engage in an Islamic struggle. It further suggests that while many of the hard‐line counter‐terrorism strategies were formulated during the Mahathir administration, there is little indication that the government of Abdullah Badawi will moderate Malaysia's policies on Islamic militancy.     

"A Good Judge"

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Book reviews

Book Reviewed in this articles. International Relations theory Security as practice: discourse analysis and the Bosnian war. By Lene Hansen. Informal coalitions: mastering the hidden dynamics of organizational change. By Chris Rodgers. The anarchical society in a globalized world. Edited by Richard Little and John Williams. Human rights and ethics Guantánamo and the abuse of presidential power. By Joseph Margulies. Complicity with evil: the United Nations in the age of modern genocide. By Adam LeBor. International law and organization Max Planck commentaries on world trade law: world economic order, world trade law. Edited by Peter‐Tobias Stoll and Frank Schorkopf. Max Planck commentaries on world trade law: institutions and dispute settlement. Edited by Rüdiger Wolfrum, Peter‐Tobias Stoll and Karen Kaiser. Key issues in WTO dispute settlement: the first ten years. Edited by Rufus Yerxa and Bruce Wilson. Crimes against humanity. By Geoffrey Robertson. Laws of fear: beyond the precautionary principle. By Cass R. Sunstein. Democracy, minorities and international law. By Steven Wheatley. Foreign policy Seize the hour: when Nixon met Mao. By Margaret MacMillan. Conflict, security and armed forces Nation‐building: beyond Afghanistan and Iraq. Edited by Francis Fukuyama. Kosovo between war and peace: nationalism, peacebuilding and international trusteeship. Edited by Tonny Brems Knudsen and Carsten Bagge Laustsen. Empire in denial: the politics of state‐building. By David Chandler. The age of war: the United States confronts the world. By Gabriel Kolko. Terror on the internet: the new arena, the new challenges. By Gabriel Weimann. Political economy, economics and development The World Economic Forum: a multi‐stakeholder approach to global governance. By Geoffrey Allen Pigman. Mapping the markets: a guide to stockmarket analysis. By Deborah Owen and Robin Griffiths. Ethnicity and cultural politics Islam and global dialogue: religious pluralism and the pursuit of peace. Edited by Roger Boase. Energy and environment Field notes from a catastrophe: climate change: is time running out? By Elizabeth Kolbert. History Stalin's wars: from world war to Cold War, 1939–53. By Geoffrey Roberts. Suez 1956: the inside story of the first oil war. By Barry Turner. Keith Kyle died on 21 February 2007. He will be much missed by all at Chatham House and particularly by the editors of International Affairs, not least for his authoritative articles and reviews, and generous advice. Twelve days: revolution 1956. By Victor Sebestyen Churchill's man of mystery: Desmond Morton and the world of intelligence. By Gill Bennett. The battle for Spain: the Spanish civil war 1936‐1939. By Antony Beevor. Europe The new Atlanticist: Poland's foreign and security policy priorities. By Kerry Longhurst and Marcin Zaborowski. Endgame in the Balkans: regime change European style. By Elizabeth Pond. Europeanization, varieties of capitalism and economic performance in Central and Eastern Europe. By Lucian Cernat. Democracy in the new Europe. By Christopher Lord and Erika Harris. Russia and Eurasia Putin's Russia and the enlarged Europe. By Roy Allison, Margot Light and Stephen White. Dependent on oil and gas: Russia's integration into the world economy. Edited by Shinichiro Tabata. Middle East and North Africa Killing Mr Lebanon: the assassination of Rafik Hariri and its impact on the Middle East. By Nicholas Blanford. Sub‐Saharan Africa The new multilateralism in South African diplomacy. Edited by Donna Lee, Ian Taylor and Paul D. Williams. Peace without power: Ghana's foreign policy 1957‐66. By Kwesi Armah. Asia and Pacific The king never smiles: a biography of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej. By Paul M. Handley. China's trapped transition: the limits of developmental autocracy. By Minxin Pei. China: a guide to economic and political developments. By Ian Jeffries. Regionalism and globalization in East Asia: politics, security and economic development. By Mark Beeson. North America The silence of the rational center: why American foreign policy is failing. By Stefan Halper and Jonathan Clarke. Ethical realism: a vision for America's role in the world. By Anatol Lieven and John Hulsman. Is Iraq another Vietnam? By Robert K. Brigham. Überpower: the imperial temptation of America. By Josef Joffe. Latin America and Caribbean Hugo Chávez: oil, politics and the emerging threat to the US. By Nikolas Kozloff. Empire's workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the rise of the new imperialism. By Greg Grandin.