留日学生与近代义务教育

清末民初,广大留日学生在“教育救国”理念的感召下,视义务教育为救国图强、富国强民的根本途径,积极地从事义务教育的宣传、推展工作,使中国教育近代化事业得到了大幅度的拓展,近代中国社会也随之发生了深刻的变化。本拟从义务教育的思想传播、政策制订及师资培养等方面来探讨留日学生为中国近代义务教育的发展所做出的巨大贡献。     

The field, the museum and the lecture hall: the spaces of natural history in Victorian Cornwall

This paper contributes to our understandings of the geographies of science through an analysis of nineteenth–century natural history and, in particular, of the provincial natural history society. Focusing on nineteenth–century Cornwall and one of the main natural history societies operating in the county at that time – the Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society – it is argued that a set of key spaces were integral to the operations and outputs of such societies. The paper details the significance of the Penzance Society's museum, field sites and lecture hall as sites for communal work of local natural historians. They were also important, it is argued, in their construction of West Cornwall as a site of national natural scientific importance. Lastly, these spaces defined an agenda for regional scientific study. In particular, they promoted a taxonomic method that would transform local people into rigorous scientists and the local region into a 'book of nature'.     

Inventing modern Japan: Hobsbawm,Foucault and Meiji history

Takashi Fujitani. Splendid Monarchy: Power and Pageantry in Modern Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. US$40.00, hardcover.

James Edward Ketelaar. Of Heretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan: Buddhism and its Persecution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. US$35.00, hardcover; US$17.95, paper.     

The role of the museum in interpretation: The problem of context

The key questions in interpreting objects in museums are: What are they doing there? and Where did they come from? National and local importance are not mutually exclusive: the critical difference is between intrinsic value, and value through context or association. Context is an integral part of interpretation. Experts can visualise an original location or environment; ordinary museum visitors need the context of people, or place, or familiar activities, to be able to relate to unfamiliar objects. Is seeing a good replica as good as seeing the original?     

Local Resource Use in the Pacific War with Japan: Logging in Western Melanesia

Abstract

Americans have traditionally been the most wasteful people in the world. Now, however, we are fighting enemies who beat the world at squeezing what they want out of occupied territory. We must husband what we have, not only by avoiding waste, but also by the maximum utilization of local resources.     

深圳青瓷博物馆

中国是举世公认的瓷国,早在公元前1600年的商代就已发明了瓷器,它的出现比欧美国家大约要早15个世纪,对人类的生产活动产生了不可估量的推动作用,这也是中国古代劳动人民对世界物质文明作出的巨大贡献之一。因为中国发明的第一件瓷器就是青瓷,所以青瓷也就享有瓷器之“根”、瓷器之“母”的美誉。深圳玺宝楼青瓷博物馆作为我国目前唯一的以收藏。陈列、研究中国古代青瓷为主的专题性博物馆,一出现就引起了国内外考古界和陶瓷界的瞩目,成为各界人士欣然向往的知识殿堂。深圳玺宝楼青瓷博物馆坐落在宝安南路2095号,是一处环境优美、风…     

The growth of artistic nationalism in Senegal

ABSTRACT. In the 1960s, Senegal's first national leaders narrowly defined how artists should practise nationalism through their work, particularly in the weaving craft, and enforced this definition through selective state patronage. This ideological and stylistic control echoed state control over economic markets. As subsequent administrations have restructured the economy, leading to a powerful informal business sector, so have independent contemporary weavers redefined artistic nationalism. Using ethnographic and archival interviews, this article examines nationalism in Senegalese weaving, placing the perspectives of contemporary weavers alongside those of two arts administrators who helped to develop state‐sponsored programmes in the 1960s and 1970s. I argue that contemporary weavers find inspiration from Senegalese nationalism of the mid‐twentieth century, yet have modified it to encompass individual expression. Because definitions of artistic nationalism in Senegal have shifted, it remains a significant ideology within the national arts scene.     

近代安徽族田经营研究

在近代安徽,就族田的田产经营而言,出租给外姓中、贫农耕种是主要经营方式;地租形态主要是实物地租,且租率较一般私田低;大部分欠租是在催缴过程中通过协商解决.就族田的地租经营而言,宗族通过放贷、购田和投资工商业实现地租的增值;宗族放贷地租的利率大大低于一般私人放贷;族田地租向近代工商业转化已渐露端倪.     

论博物馆管理中的控制应用

博物馆在管理工作中既要遵循一般性管理原则,也要针对本身特点有所侧重。控制是管理的步骤之一,有效实施控制,是管理工作成功的关键。     

寻找千古之谜的钥匙——记新疆吐鲁番地区博物馆

日前所知,地球上曾经存在过的最大的哺乳动物是巨犀。一头距今２４００万年前的巨犀,由坚如磐石的骨骼支撑着庞大的躯体,举世罕见,于１９９７年蹒姗走进新疆吐鲁番地区博物馆,成为镇馆之宝,每年吸引着成千上万的中外游人前来一睹其风采。 这是一座外观简捷明快、造型独特的综合性博物馆。正壁以淡黄色瓷砖平铺,象征茫茫荒漠戈壁;间用红色瓷砖镶嵌点饰,喻意人类不断地战胜大自然,创造出灿烂的文化和高度的文明,蓬蓬勃勃,繁衍不息。馆内长年对外开放的展厅,现在有三个,除“巨犀化石陈列厅”外,还有“吐鲁番历史文物陈列厅”、…     

The State and the Left in modern France

French historians have recently begun to pursue the historyof left-wing politics in a manner which suggests that the Marxistframe of reference has begun to disappear, even in this fieldof history. The eminent historian and public intellectual PierreRosanvallon is leading the way in the field of political andintellectual history, through his sustained examination of theState and the ongoing debate about French democracy. The connectionbetween history and current political discourse is important,and it is significant that historians are attempting to revisecommon perceptions of the evolution of French political institutions.Wide areas of new research have been opened out and this articlehopes to offer some reflections on how these new approachesto French political history may be used in future research.     

山西省博物馆藏瓷选介

1986年山西省河曲县五花城村出土两件宋代耀州窑瓷器,后藏入省博物馆。一件青釉刻牡丹花纹碗,一件青釉刻双鸭戏水纹盘。这两件刻花青瓷釉色苍翠深沉。刻花刀法娴熟自如,纹饰活泼大方,是不可多得的耀州窑刻花青瓷珍品。青釉刻牡丹花纹碗,高8．2、口径20.5、底经5厘米。敞日,抓壁,小圈足,通体施青釉。腹外壁有阴刻弦纹一周,腹内壁刻一株折枝牡丹花纹,先用深而宽的斜向刀痕刻画花叶的轮廓,再以浅而密的南纹表示花脉叶筋,增强了花朵的立体感。整个图案花叶相接,几无空间,显得饱满充实,活泼有力。青釉到双鸭戏水纹盘,高个人口径1…     

Divorce in early modern rural Japan: household and individual life course in northeastern villages, 1716-1870

Drawing data from the local population registers in two northeastern agricultural villages, this study examines the patterns and factors associated with divorce in preindustrial Japan. Divorce was easy and common during this period. More than two thirds of first marriages dissolved in divorce before individuals reached age fifty. Discrete-time event history analysis is applied to demonstrate how economic condition and household context influenced the likelihood of divorce for females. Risk of divorce was extremely high in the first three years and among uxorilocal marriages. Propensity of divorce increased upon economic stress in the community and among households of lower social status. Presence of parents, siblings, and children had strong bearings on marriage to continue.     

Creative preservation: The development of an artistic approach to the preservation and presentation of the past

Abstract

The article proposes “Creative Preservation” as an artistic approach to contemporary questions concerning the preservation and presentation of archaeological sites. By examining critically the role of cultural heritage today, it attempts to search for alternative perspectives and to retrieve forgotten sensibilities such as Diderot's “Poetics of Ruins”. It first examines concepts of time and authenticity, especially in archaeological sites, as interpreted by various authors from Poincare, von Schiller, Bergson and Simmel to Choay and Jokilehto.

Dedicated to immaterial qualities of places, “Creative Preservation” suggests the refinement of “images of authenticity” in an attempt to penetrate and to communicate with deeper levels in the complex reality of ancient places – actual and specific locations which anchor and root memory in material.

A first realization of this approach is presented in the form of the spiral viewpoint recently constructed at the northwest part of the archaeological site of Ramat Rachel near Jerusalem.