A neo-rationalist tendency in the field of the literary intellectual in 1970s Italy: Vittorini,Sciascia, Ginzburg

The article examines a constellation of intellectuals working in 1960s and 1970s Italy who are neither aligned with the extreme political projects of those years nor symptomatic of the perceived collapse in relations between high culture and politics in this period. Instead, Vittorini, Sciascia and Carlo Ginzburg are taken as illustrations of a fertile 'neo-rationalist' tendency in culture-politics relations, at once a reprise of strands from the Enlightenment, an attempt to move beyond Marxist cultural politics and a response to the spread of new intellectual disciplines. Vittorini is shown as laying the groundwork for this tendency, and Sciascia and Ginzburg as putting it into practice through hybrid discourses between narrative, politics, law and history. Finally connections are suggested between this tendency and a longer line of liberal intellectual practice, going at least as far back as the Partito d'azione group of the 1930s and 1940s. L'articolo prende in considerazione un gruppo di intellettuali italiani tra gli anni sessanta e settanta i quali non sono nè allineati con i progetti politici più estremisti di quegli anni, nè sintomatici di una sensazione di collasso imminente nei rapporti tra la cultura di alto profilo ed il mondo della politica, in questo periodo. Al contrario, Vittorini, Sciascia e Carlo Ginzburg sono qui considerati come promotori di una fertile tendenza 'neo razionalista' nei rapporti tra cultura e politica, caratterizzata da un unico tentativo di riappropriarsi di alcuni aspetti dell'illuminismo, di proiettarsi al di lÀ di una cultura politica marxista e di rispondere alla diffusione di nuove discipline intellettuali. Vittorini viene qui considerato come il fondatore di questa tendenza, mentre Sciascia e Ginzburg sono indicati come i prosecutori di questo modello culturale ibrido, prodotto dal convergere di varie discipline: narrative letterarie, politiche, legali e storiche. Infine, vengono indicate connessioni tra questa tendenza 'neo razionalista' ed una più ampia e tradizionale cultura intellettuale e liberale, che ha le sue origini nel gruppo del Partito d'azione negli anni trenta e quaranta.     

湘淮集团与19世纪60年代上海的崛起

19世纪60年代,是上海从"江南的上海"向"上海的江南"过渡的关键时期。这一时期,湘淮集团一方面通过解除太平军对上海围困,解决在此过程中产生的诸多社会问题,有效控制了上海的军政大权;另一方面通过采取系列的手段和措施,以处理日显复杂的上海中外关系,为上海的发展创造了一个相对安定和平的环境,从而成为了19世纪60年代上海崛起的一个重要因素。     

Debating Womanhood,Defining Freedom: The Abolition of Slavery in 1880s Rio de Janeiro

This article demonstrates how both the agency of women of colour and a particular set of ideas about femininity and maternity played an important part in shaping the ending of slavery in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It does so through the prism of untapped municipal documentation, exploring initiatives taken by the city council both to abolish slavery by emancipating mainly women and to shape the city's first generation of fully free working families by founding schools and charitable institutions. In enacting these measures, councillors found themselves debating not only the meanings of freedom, but the meanings of ex‐slave womanhood. Their discussions reflected both the long‐term development of ‘free womb logic’ in Brazilian slavery and emancipation, and tendencies by the 1880s abolitionist movement to make emotive, ‘feminised’ appeals for elite women to sympathise with enslaved mothers. The article explores how women of colour used elite discourses about freedom, maternity and womanhood in order to achieve freedom, but also contested and reshaped them as they sought to bring their own lived meanings to freedom.     

试论铭文中反书、倒书等特殊书写形式的形成原因

针对铭文中出现的反书、倒书等特殊形式的书写现象,本工作采用泥条贴范法,从铭文制作的工艺角度对反书和倒书进行了讨论,并搭建了一套以树叶刻字为基础的推论模型,通过模拟实验进一步地阐述了在此模型下反书和倒书的产生的可能性及原因。     

From collinearity to structure: San Francisco and Pittsburgh, 1860

The author argues that giving a name to any period of history is a complicated process for historians, requiring careful consideration of many factors. Applying the extensive presence and use of computers as an example of the process at work, he suggests that it may be too early to name our time the information age.     

Reading,tourism, and geography consumption in literary places

Literature and geography are closely related in the worlds of consumption and mobility, and literature is often used as a resource for the tourism industry. The reading and consumption of literature, therefore, are related to visitation of a real place, and the roles of readers and tourists merge. The case of one literary tourism site, the San Mao Teahouse in the ancient town of Zhouzhuang in China, is selected to explain the complexity of reading and geography consumption in literary tourism. Observations and in-depth interviews were used to collect the data, and then the thematic analysis method was used. The study finds that tourists can also actively participate in the construction of literary places at destinations where relevant texts do not exist. In this kind of literary place, consumption occurs in multiple spaces as a result of tourists’ reading combined with geographical consumption. This study proposes a conceptual framework to analyze the geography consumption of literature in tourist destinations. The results show that the main geography consumption is reflected in three aspects, namely text, reality, and imagination. Based on their previous reading experiences, readers explore both the literary text and the reality. In this process, their imaginations always have an effect. Two distinguishing features have been found: first, through actively reading and decoding literary geography, the readers recreate a new fictionalized reality based on their imaginations. Second, the readers pursue the imaginative process from the real Zhouzhuang back to an imagined place that San Mao wrote about. The study contributes to the current literary geography research field, especially from the perspective of consumption. The study also provides a new perspective on literature in the modern world and practical implications for the design of literary tourist products and literary heritage conservation.