Executive Policy-Making Authority and Using Zero-Base Budgeting for Allocating Resources

The objective of this article is to examine how executive policy-making authority is affected by allocating public resources via zero-base budgeting (ZBB). After reviewing the concept and rationale of ZBB, the article compares incremental policy-making with scientific policy-making. This review and comparison are then used to draw implications of using ZBB. Ultimately the article argues that ZBB will result in greater policy-making authority in the hands of senior management of the executive branch at the expense of the legislative agencies and bureaus. Thus, government's responsiveness toward the particularistic interests of individuals and groups will be reduced as a result of using ZBB.     

Performing Academic Practice: Using the Master Class to Build Postgraduate Discursive Competences

How can we find ways of training PhD students in academic practices, while reflexively analysing how academic practices are performed? The paper's answer to this question is based on evaluations from a British–Nordic master class. The paper discusses how master classes can be used to train the discursive skills required for academic discussion, commenting and reporting. Methods used in the master class are: performing and creative arts pedagogical exercises, the use of written provocations to elicit short papers, discussion group exercises, and training in reporting and in panel discussion facilitated by a meta-panel discussion. The authors argue that master classes have the potential to further develop advanced-level PhD training, especially through their emphasis on reflexive engagement in the performance of key academic skills.     

Discrimination of Ceramic Types Using Digital Image Processing by Means of Morphological Filters

Digital processing of images can be used to analyse ceramic pastes, contributing in this way to the discrimination of ceramic types. The method involves several stages of analysis: digitization of images of ceramic pastes, pre‐processing of the images, particle segmentation, calculation, quantification and classification of the particle sizes. This procedure uses interactive algorithms of segmentation of images and grain size analysis derived from mathematical morphology theory. To prove the efficiency of the method, we processed digital images of polished thin sections of ceramic samples of Cypriot wares from the Late Bronze Age (1550–1450 bc ) and their Egyptian reproductions. Such groups have been previously analysed by optical microscopy, XRD, XRF, ICP–MS and EPMA. The results of the analysis were able to discriminate between these two different wares.     

Reconfigurations of Gender and Class Relations: Class Differences,Class Condescension and the Changing Place of Class Relations

This paper addresses the question of class: its significance, construction, representation in official policies and the changing place and nature of class relations and struggles in contemporary Britain. It argues that both changes in women's labour market participation patterns and a new rhetoric of class condescension and symbolic violence have significant implications both for widening class divisions between women and for the nature of class contacts in contemporary cities. As ties of love and affection and mutual exchange that (purportedly) characterise the home are being transformed by the growing importance of the home as a locus of commodified domestic labour, the home is a new site of inter‐class contact and conflict. Thus “private” households are increasingly becoming the sites of class struggle, adding strength to feminist arguments about the inextricable connections between class and gender relations.     

Resources in view

Computer and Statistical Techniques for Planners

R.S.Baxter (1976) London: Methuen, 336 pp

Computer Programming for Spatial Problems

E.B.MacDougall (1976) London: Edward Arnold, 160 pp

Computers in Geography

P.M.Mather (1976) Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 125 pp

Computing for Geographers

J.A.Dawson &; D.Unwin (1976) Newton Abbot: David &; Charles, 362 pp

Situations in Human Geography: A Practical Approach

J.P.Cole (1975) Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 238 pp     

Class Interests in Brazilian Archaeology

Archaeology is a practice that exists within various social contexts. As such, the way it is practiced is dependent upon the class interests of those who fund and undertake archaeological investigations. These interests in turn can be influenced by existing political regimes. In this article, I discuss how class interests have influenced the direction of Brazilian archaeology for the past century and a half.     

Fish Resources in Tibet

Itwasnotuntilthe19thcenturythatsomenotedadventurersco1lectedlargenumbersofanimalandplantspeciesinTibet,duetothelimitationsimposedbythegeographicenvironmentthereandthecollectionmethods.FewfishresourceexpertsinvestigatedTibetbeforethel95Os.ButthankstotheInd…     

数字

12项新闻出版总署日前下发《关于制定和报送2010年图书出版计划的通知》（以下简称《通知》）,明确了2010年图书出版工作思路,确定了2010年图书出版工作的重点。从《通知》来看,2010年出版计划亮点纷呈,12项重点勾勒出2010年图书出版蓝图。     

Childbirth and Social Class in Contemporary Japan

This paper presents data from a larger ethnographic research project on intimacy and reproduction in Japan, a country that faces a “crisis of ultra-low fertility rates” (Jones, Straughan, & Chan, 2009). Proceeding from a symbolic interactionist perspective, the paper analyses the outcomes of interviews with 56 Japanese mothers aged between 29 and 45 from Tokyo and Kanagawa. The analysis identified “maternal instincts” (honnō), children’s schooling, and marriage as three major axes along which an understanding of how social class concerns influence the childbirth experiences and decision-making processes of these mothers could be gained.     

武夷山寻雉

<正>一个艳阳高照的午后,午休的倦意还未完全退去,我迷迷糊糊地开车进山,还没到雉类出没的区域,汽车的挡风玻璃突然被挡住视线,原来是山间弥漫的大雾,我在弥漫的大雾中穿过了几公里弯弯曲曲的山路,眼前是壮阔的云海,一直蔓延至天际,看到这般美丽的风景,我顿时惊呆了,刚想架起相机,突然想到拍风光的广角镜头全部放在宾馆里,只好用手头的设备简单地记录了一下。在我的印象中,像这样大面积的云海一般