古陶瓷纹饰琐谈——莲瓣纹·八大码·变形莲瓣纹

在中国古代器物上,“莲”是一种十分常见的装饰纹样。这一题材有很多内容和形式,如莲花、荷花、莲叶、莲瓣等,既有写意、工笔,也有单独纹样和图案。而单就莲瓣而言,     

服务于创意生活的博物馆设计

博物馆设计包括建筑设计和展览设计两方面。20世纪,欧洲和美国的博物馆原先丰富的实物展示逐渐被叙事展览取代,后者集空间、媒体、藏品和故事于一身,形成复杂的高感官体验。博物馆应该是一个拥有多样化复杂资源的集合体,为民众的创意生活服务。在服务于商业开发的社会下,博物馆的公共服务观念在渐渐消失。所以我们要重新思考博物馆的作用、责任和社会(或空间)形态。博物馆设计是一项社会艺术,建筑形态是对社会关系和多元经历的积极回应。以研究为导向的博物馆设计能推进博物馆的建设和发展,使之为我们共同的社会增添意义。     

博物馆的灯光设计艺术

博物馆中的灯光艺术是每一位设计师必须面对的课题,任何一个主题展览的成功举办离不开展品的展示与表达,以及灯光的衬托与布局。主题展览灯光设计与运用的优劣程度,是衡量博物馆建设成功与否的重要标志。在展览艺术中,光要营造出让人舒适的感受,设计者要设计出令观众满意、舒适的光线和阴影。在目前LED灯具制造技术水平参差不齐的状况下,博物馆应谨慎推进灯光升级工作。灯与光的设计不仅是一种技术,更是一种艺术。光与影的设计发展历程揭示出,它已不仅着眼于探讨主题展览的展品本身,更在营造一种氛围,创造一件艺术作品。     

Design for rural development

Elliot R. Morss, John K. Hatch, Donald R. Mickelwait, and Charles F. Sweet. Strategies for Small Farmer Development. Volume I: 347 pp., tables, maps, no index. $20.00. Volume II: Case Studies. 444 pp., maps, no index. $20.00. Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, Westview Special Studies in Social, Political, and Economic Development, 1976.     

Policy Design and Implementation Effectiveness

This study examines the successful implementation of a major structural change in a county criminal court, an institution particularly resistant to change. Implementation effectiveness is mainly attributed to policy design factors, especially the establishment by "lop" slate Supreme Court officials of an institutional mechanism to implement their selected policy goals. Composed of hey county court participants at the "bottom," the mechanism facilitated lateral coordination among divergent interests by providing a forum for bargaining and the resolution of disputes. The bargaining entailed the distribution of benefits, as well as the externalization and redistribution of costs, arising from the structural changes.     

The Composition of Kwermin Design

This paper is about designs placed on house‐boards, shields and drums in the Min cultural sphere of Papua New Guinea. It is argued that the shields and drums can be understood as extensions of the Taro Mother ritual house built in the last of seven male initiation rituals performed in the area. The drum grows taro like the ritual house grows men, the shield attracts ancestral support to warriors like the façade of the ritual house attracts ancestral benevolence to the novices inside. In order to accomplish this the objects, and importantly their designs, are imbued with qualities considered agreeable to the ancestral spirits. It is suggested that as much as these qualities can be understood as part of the visual aspect of the designs, they are also, and importantly so, inherent in the substances used in their composition.     

Comparative Analysis of Three Analytical Methodologies for Polychrome Design: Ceramic Typology,Design Elements/Styles,and Design Symmetries on Chihuahuan Polychromes

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory - The analysis of pattern design on ceramics, textiles, tile and other plane surfaces remains dominated by typological, design element and stylistic...     

Seismic Design of MRF-EBF Dual Systems with Vertical Links: EC8 vs Plastic Design

Despite the fact that Eccentrically Braced Frames with Vertical Links (VL-EBFs), also referred to as inverted Y-scheme, are codified in Eurocode 8, the issues related to their seismic response and design have not been widely investigated, so that design criteria commonly applied for Eccentrically Braced Frames with Horizontal Links (HL-EBFs) are commonly applied. However, the Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control (TPMC) has been recently extended to the case of VL-EBFs. The aims of this article, on one hand, are to provide a further validation of the recently proposed design procedure, based on TPMC, and, on the other hand, are to compare the seismic performance of dual systems composed by a moment-resisting part and VL-EBF part designed by means of TPMC with those occurring when Eurocode 8 design criteria are applied. The validation of the proposed design procedure is carried out by means of Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA). The main purpose of such analyses is the check of the fulfilment of the design goal of TPMC, i.e., the development of a pattern of yielding consistent with the collapse mechanism of global type. Such mechanism is universally recognized as the one leading to the highest energy dissipation capacity. In case of MRF-EBF dual systems, it is characterized by the yielding of all the links and all the beams at their ends. Conversely, all the columns and the diagonal braces remain in elastic range. Obviously, exception is made for the base sections of first story columns. In particular, two case studies are analyzed which are characterized by a different number of stories. Each building structure is designed according to both TPMC and Eurocode 8 provisions. The seismic response obtained is investigated by both push-over and IDA analyses. The attention is focused on the pattern of yielding obtained, the maximum interstory drift demand, the link plastic rotation demand and sharing of the seismic base shear between the moment-resisting part and the bracing part of the structural system. The results obtained point out improvement of the seismic response, compared to Eurocode 8 provisions, achieved by means of TPMC.     

高速公路抗车辙路面结构设计

目前我国高速公路多为半刚性基层结构,应根据半刚性基层上沥青层不同层位处的受力特点进行结构设计。当地气候条件、荷载状况、工程经验是结构设计中需要重视的设计因素。     

解读服装设计中的文化因子

服装是一定时期政治、经济、社会文化的缩影,服装设计应着重体现传统文化、科技文化和时代文化的因子,以求实现服装文化自然新概念。探讨服装设计中的文化元素,对提高产品附加值、满足时尚消费需求、缔造品牌,以及开拓国际服装市场等都具有重要意义。     

Design paths of federal intergovernmental cooperation

Actors rarely approach institutional design choices with a blank slate but are influenced by design choices made at earlier stages. How does institutional design evolve over time and are there specific paths to deepening cooperation? We investigate the institutional design paths of subnational cooperation that are chosen to address increasingly complex and interconnected policy problems. We theorize that besides the substantive problem, earlier choices matter to explain what institutional design mechanism is chosen; that is, the design of existing institutions between two subnational governance units, called substates, influences the design of subsequent institutions. Using a semi-parametric Cox proportional hazards model, we show that the design paths of subnational cooperation in the Swiss water governance sector correlate with earlier design choices. Our results indicate that not all cooperation is self-reinforcing and path-dependent, but they show which specific design choices are more likely to follow each other in repeated formal federal intergovernmental cooperation.     

Engagement: Archaeological Design and Engineering

Practice, architectonics, the disposition of materials, instruments, people, the articulation of heterogeneous parts in an assemblage that performs transformative work: we can easily call this engineering—science in action. One of the main topics of this collection of papers is the design of archaeological knowledge. Taking a lead from these papers, let us ask how we might work with the richness of the past, creatively, respecting the qualities of materials and relationships. From these questions, I sketch a few components in the design of knowledge.     

Capacity Design of Coupled RC Walls

Capacity design aims to ensure controlled ductile response of structures when subjected to earthquakes. This article investigates the performance of existing capacity design equations for reinforced concrete coupled walls and then proposes a new simplified capacity design method based on state-of-the-art knowledge. The new method is verified through a case study in which a set of 15 coupled walls are subject to nonlinear time-history analyses. The article includes examination of the maximum shear force in individual walls in relation to the total maximum shear force in the coupled wall system, and subsequently provides recommendations for design.     

Design and self-assembly of information systems

ABSTRACT

The existence of biological information systems is generally taken as given in discussions of their function. However, any theory of such systems must be considered incomplete unless it can also explain how the system comes to exist. This article describes the ways in which complex functional systems in general can be created through design, self-assembly and evolution. The differences and relationship between physical and informational entities, organization, processes and dimensionality are also discussed. Through comparison with information technologies, whose origins we understand, conclusions are drawn concerning the creation of functional biological neural networks: specifically, that this involves the self-assembly of information entities into a number of strongly emergent levels of organization. Finally, potential approaches are considered to overcome the hurdles to scientific investigation of emergent information-based systems and the processes by which they are created.     

公路几何设计和安全

名义性安全有其局限性,实质性安全才能反映道路的安全性,道路事故预测模型可以很好地将名义性安全转化为实质性安全,但是仍存在一些问题,需进一步研究。     

Spider Webs: Design and Engineering

Abstract

‘All things in nature,’ said Sullivan, have a shape, that is to say, a form, an outward semblance, that tells us what they are that distinguishes them from ourselves and from each other ….'. ‘Whether it be the sweeping eagle in his flight or the open apple-blossom, the toiling work-horse, the blithe swan, the branching oaks, the drifting clouds, over all the coursing sun, form ever follows function, and this is the law.’     

民间工艺博物馆的灯光设计

一座民间艺术博物馆就是一部物化的民间发展史,人们了解民间艺术的过去和现在是可以从博物馆开始的。人们通过文物与历史对话,穿过时空的阻隔,俯瞰历史的风风雨雨。这是源远流长的手工艺艺术的重要见证,也是维系中华民族团结统一的精神纽带。