The Aberdeen University expedition to Cyrenaica, 1951. Part II: The oasis of Jalo

Mountain Madness. By Winifred Fortescue. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 176. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood and Sons Ltd., 1943. Price 10s. 6d.

Travel in England. By T. Burke. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 154. London: Batsford, 1943. Price 10s. 6d.

The Home Counties. By S. P. B. Mais. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 136. London: Batsford, 1943. Price 10s. 6d.

My Travels Through Chad. By P. O. Lapie. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 198. London: John Murray, 1943. Price 10s.

The Unconquered Isle: Malla, By Ian Hay. Pp. 208, with 33 Illustrations and 2 Maps. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1943. Price 7s. 6d. net.

The British Empire: Its Structure and Spirit. By Eric A. Walker. Pp. 250. London: Oxford University Press, 1943. Price 12s. 6d.

Man and His World. By Dr. James Mainwaring, M.A., D.Litt., F.R.H.S. Illustrated. Vol. I. The Evolution of the Old World. Pp.250. Vol. II. The Evolution of the Modern World. Pp.340. London, 1943.

A Portrait of Canada. By J. H. Stembridge. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp.164. London: Humphrey Milford at the Oxford University Press, 1943. Price 10s. 6d.

Return to Happiness. By J. Lied. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. xi+318. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1943. Price 18s.

Federalism and the Small States. By Sir J. A. R. Marriott. Demy 8vo. Pp. 123. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1943. Price 5s.

A Short History of Canada for Americans. By A. L. Burt. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. xvi+279. University of Minnesota Press and Humphrey Milford, London, 1943. Price $3.00.

Greenland. By Vilhjalmur Stefansson. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. London: George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1943. Price 12s. 6d.

Headhunting in the Solomons. By Caroline Mytinger. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 334. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1943. Price 151.

The World To‐day. By Barbara Ward. Illustrated. 7 1/2 × 4 1/2. Pp. 121. London: Oxford University Press and H. Milford, 1943. Price 3s. 6d.

Traveller from Tokio. By John Morris. Demy 8vo. Pp. 163. London: Cresset Press, 1943. Price 10s. 6d.

Igloo for the Night. By T. Manning. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 252. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd, 1943. Price 5s.     

George G. Chisholm: His influence on university and school geography

EUROPE

I Saw Two Englands. 2nd edition. By H. V. Morton. Demy 8vo. London : Methucn and Co. Ltd. Price 9s. 6d.

The German Lebensraum. By Robert E. Dickinson. Pp. 223. Penguin Special.

Scottish Pilgrimage in the Land of Lost Content. By Radcliffe Barnett. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. x+207. Edinburgh: John Grant, 1943. Price 6s.

Wild Life of Britain. By F. Fraser Darling. Illustrated. 4to. Pp.48. London : Collins Ltd., 1943. Price 4s. 6d.

France. By P. Maiixaud. Illustrated. 4#fr1/2>×7#fr1/2>. Pp.138. London : Oxford University Press, 1943. Price 3s. 6d.

The Economic Reconstruction of Lithuania after 1918. By A. Simutis. Demy 8vo. Pp. 148. New York and London : Columbia University Press and Humphrey Milford, 1943.

Orientations. By Ronald Storrs. Definitive Edition. London : Nicholson and Watson, 1943. Price 10s. 6d.

ASIA

The Gobi Desert. By Mildred Cable with Francesca French. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp.301. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1943. Price 21s.

Polynesians : Explorers of the Pacific. By J. E. Weckley. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 77. Washington : Smithsonian Institution, 1943.

Girlhood in the Pacific. By Mrs. Shane Leslie. London : Macdonald and Co. Price 10s. 6d.

Dawn in Siberia. By G. D. R. Phillips. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 196. London : Frederick Muller, 1943. Price 8s. 6d.

My India, My West. By Dr. Krishnalal Shridharani.

Growing Up in New Guinea. By Margaret Mead. Pelican Books, 1942.

India. By T. A. Raman. Illustrated. 4#fr1/2>×#fr1/2>. Pp.140. London: Humphrey Milford at the Oxford University Press, 1943. Price 3s. 6d.

Report from Tokyo. By J. C. Grew. Demy 8vo. Pp.103. New York : Simon and Schuster, 1943. Price 2s. 6d.

AFRICA

Diary of a District Officer. By K. Bradley. Demy 8vo. Pp. 192. London : George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd. Price 5s.

Libyan Log. By E. G. Ogilvie. Illustrated. 4#fr1/2>×7#fr1/2>. Pp.103. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd Ltd., 1943. Price 51.

North Africa. By A. H. Brodrick. Illustrated. 4#fr1/2>×7#fr1/2>. Pp.97. London: Oxford University Press, 1943. Price 3s. 6d.

Across Madagascar. By Olive Murray Chapman. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 144. London : Burrows, 1943. Price 9s. 6d.

Dead Men Do Tell Tales. By Byron de Prorok. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp.221. London : George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1943. Price 10s. 6d.

AMERICA

Canada. By B. K. Sandweix. Illustrated. Pp.124. 7#fr1/2>×4#fr1/2> London: Oxford University Press, 1943. Price 3s. 6d.

Exploring the Little Rivers of New Jersey. By James and Margaret Cawley. Princeton : Princeton University Press.

South America, with Mexico and Central America. By J. B. Trend. Illustrated. 7#fr1/2>×4#fr1/2>. Pp. 128. London : Oxford University Press, 1942. Price 3s. 6d.

Green Fire. By P. W. Rainier. Demy 8vo. Pp. viii+216. London: John Murray, 1943. Price 12s. 6d.

GENERAL

Climatic Accidents in Landscape‐making. By C. A. Cotton. Illustrated. Pp. xx+354. Wellington and London: Whitecombe and Tombs, 1942. Price 301.

Half a Life. By Major C. S. Jarvis. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. viii+216. London: John Murray, 1943. Price 15s.

Scottish Gaelic Studies. Vol. V, Part II. Demy 8vo. Pp. 198. London : Basil Blackwell, 1942. Price 9s.

Auld Reekie. By A. A. MacGregor. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. ix+204. London: Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1943. Price 12s. 6d.

A Journey to Gibraltar. By R. Henrey. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. vi + 169. London : J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1943. Price 12s. 6d.

EDUCATIONAL

Teach Tourself Geography. By J. C. Kingsland and W. B. Cornish. Pp. 287. London : English Universities Press Ltd., 1943. Price 3s.     

Memorial soliloquies in post-colonial Rhodes and the ghost of Mediterranean cosmopolitanism

This paper is based on a close reading of Greek and Rodesli (Rhodian Jewish) narratives focusing on the time when Rhodes was under Italian (1912–1943) and then German (1943–1945) rule, the last period when religiously diverse communities coexisted in the island. While Greek historiography seeks to vindicate the island’s final integration into the Greek national space, Rodesli memory is meant to preserve the heritage of a community destroyed by the Nazis. Notably, these corpuses make no references to one another. This phenomenon of soliloquy, the article argues, is illustrative of a competitive memory characteristic of recollections of the past in the eastern Mediterranean and challenges nostalgic invocations of a pre-national, “cosmopolitan” Mediterranean. Broadening the discussion to other post-Ottoman settings, the article draws attention to property redistribution in the aftermath of ethnic cleansing as a major factor in the separation of memory along communal lines. Noting the omnipresence of the figure of the “ghost” in the literature on the region, the paper finally explores the heuristic potential of hauntology to conceive histories of the region that would be inclusive and yet attentive to the differences in the nature, purpose and reciprocal indifference of the sources and of the asymmetrical relations of power in which they were produced.     

A history of the African people

Abstract

Colonialism entailed numerous changes in Swazi socio-economic configurations, including a growing recourse to waged employment. Yet little is known about the dynamics that drove indigenous Swazi women to work for wages. This article argues that colonial policy, by adversely impacting areas of production involving Swazi people, drove women to seek wage employment. Moreover, this was not a smooth process, but a contested issue. Swazi men, chiefs, the monarchy and colonial administrators all attempted to frustrate female participation in wage employment. In spite of such barriers, as oral interviews with mid-twentieth century working women show, women continued to take up wage employment, and eventually secured the implicit support of colonial administrators in the service of the colonial economy.     

Assessing the Impact of Location on Women's Labor Market Outcomes: A Methodological Exploration

Location and the nature of locally available employment opportunities is believed to shape labor force participation, job type, and wages. Analysts investigating this issue have encountered problems in operationalizing the concept of “locally available employment opportunities.” We first review the grounds for expecting a relationship between local context and employment outcomes for women and then critically assess the methods and measures that analysts have used to explore the relationship. Finally, we describe a new approach for measuring local employment context that consists of a fine-scaled measure individually tailored for each woman in the sample. Using discriminant analysis we ask whether the spatial variables measuring local employment context are important determinants of women's employment in female-dominated occupations. The results suggest that for most groups of women (defined by city or suburban residence and by sociodemographics) the spatial variables are not important. For well-educated, part-time employed women with young children, however, living in an area rich in female-dominated job opportunities increases the likelihood of having a job in a gender-typical occupation; for these women, the local employment context does affect labor market outcomes.     

The influence of the 'spaces of everyday life' on pregnancy health

Given the recent focus of medical geography on the social influences of health and illness, this paper draws upon a socio‐theoretical framework to show the link between pregnancy health and the spaces of everyday life. The health of pregnant women is becoming increasingly important given that 85 percent of women work during their pregnancy. Employment during pregnancy is consistently linked with good health for infants; however, large discrepancies exist on the effects for employed mothers. This study estimates the health effect of women's employment during pregnancy with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Findings show that women's involvement in paid employment has a beneficial impact for infants compared to women not involved in paid labour. Women who work one job or more per week experience more health problems than women who work less than one job per week. Finally, women who work in male‐dominated and gender‐neutral workspaces experience significantly more prenatal problems than women in female‐dominated workspaces. In conclusion, there is evidence to support that differences in employment status, number of workplaces involved in and gendered workspaces influence the experience of health and illness that are negotiated in the spaces of everyday life.     

Soviet–Japanese relations and the strategic interests of the Guomindang and the CCP – Chiang Kai‐shek's planning of sanctions against the CCP in 1943

When in 1943 the Guomindang launched its third wave of anti‐communist campaigns, Mao Zedong considered that Chiang Kai‐shek had acted in the belief that Japan would soon invade the Soviet Union. Hitherto, Chinese historians have either ignored Mao's judgment or failed to provide convincing explanations for it. There are two reasons for this attitude: first, historians have failed to appreciate the strategic implications of the relationship between the Soviet Union and Japan for relations between the Guomindang and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP); and second, relevant evidence regarding the events has not been available in document on Chiang. This essay answers questions raised by both points. Most commentators have claimed that this third anti‐Communist push ended by the middle or late July of 1943. However, Chiang in fact continued to make plans to mop up Shaanbei (the Communist‐controlled northern Shaanxi area) and impose sanctions on the Communists. The formulation, revision and eventual abandonment of Chiang's plans are also addressed in this essay.     

Embodying Islam and laïcité: young French Muslim women at work

In this article, I consider how the racialisation of Muslim identities in the French context affects the education and employment trajectories of six young French Muslim women with post-secondary education, living and working in Paris. I call attention to the pernicious effects of the intersection of three sets of governing discourses: laïcité, post-feminism and neoliberalism. These discourses obscure the way state-endorsed racialisation intersects with class and gender relations to erect barriers to Muslim women's employment opportunities. I examine the complex discursive and performative work Muslim women engage in, to inhabit, reproduce, reject or contest various interpretations of pious feminine Muslim and of French secular republican subjecthood. Work sites become important places where both pious and laïque subjectivities are often simultaneously produced and negotiated through performance and corporeality. In this way, the women's narratives challenge the discursive construction of the incompatibility of pious and secular subjectivities. Participants disrupted their racialisation as oppressed women who embody Muslimness by emphasising their individual and conscious choice to practise their religion. Yet, in doing so, and in the light of the challenges finding work for those wearing the headscarf, they were inadvertently rendered the agents of the discriminatory treatment that disadvantaged them in the labour market. The rational, free-choosing, neoliberal ‘self’ that they construct must then take individual responsibility for the negative consequences on their lives of broader collective racialising discourses.     

Ordinary anti-Fascism? Italy and the fall of Fascism, 1943–1945

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the immediate years after the fall of the Fascist regime from 1943 through the end of World War II. It asks: What did the Italians make of Fascism and its role in the country’s history as they witnessed the demise of the regime? How should we assess the nature of their anti-Fascist reactions at the time? Does the post-war conflation of Resistance and Liberation with anti-Fascism adequately represent their experience? Drawing on personal diaries written during 1943–1945, the article specifically examines three key temporal moments: the downfall of Mussolini on 25 July 1943, the armistice of 8 September 1943 and Italy’s proclamation of war against Germany on 13 October 1943. The article’s ultimate goal is to bring out the meanings that emerge out of the lifeworld of ordinary citizens in interaction with official narratives.     

An urban slum revisited

William Foote Whyte. Street Corner Society: The Social Structure of an Italian Slum. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1943.xii + 284 pp. $5.00.     

Review Article: Fascist Italy at War

RENZO DE FELICE. Mussolini l'alleato: L'ltalia in guerra, 1940–1943: 1 : Dalla guerra ‘breve’ alla guerra lunga: II: Crisi e agonia del regime. Torino: Guilio Einaudi, 1990. Pp. xiv, 1,576. L. 150,000.     

简论伊斯兰革命以来伊朗妇女的就业状况

本文以伊朗每十年一次的全国人口普查数据为基础,对伊斯兰革命以来伊朗妇女的就业状况做了分析,对导致伊朗妇女就业比例下降的经济、政治和宗教文化等方面的原因做了探讨。     

Leroi-Gourhan, a Philosopher of Technique and Evolution

With the publication of two volumes on technology—L'Homme et la matière and Milieu et technique in 1943–45, and Le geste et la parole (translated into English in 1993 as Gesture and Speech)—-Leroi-Gourhan asserted himself as a major social anthropologist, prehistorian, and the founder of the French schools of the ethnology of technique and of prehistoric ethnology. This paper analyzes the innovative concepts and the content of these original works, which draw their inspiration and data from biology, physiology, psychology, anthropology, and prehistory to study evolution, and technique as its medium, to create a global science of humanity.     

旅游小企业与就业研究——桂林阳朔西街案例

文章选取中国旅游小企业发展的典型地区桂林阳朔西街为案例地,对旅游小企业与当地居民就业的关系进行探讨。在对案例地进行大量调查的基础上,文章分别从旅游小企业与直接就业、旅游小企业与就业困难人群就业、旅游小企业与从业人员培训这三个方面来进行研究,最终得出的结论为：旅游小企业在促进旅游目的地居民就业方面起着重要的作用,而且与大型旅游企业相比,旅游小企业在帮助当地居民、女性、就业困难人群就业以及对目的地居民的培训方面的作用更为突出。     

Gender Ideology in Historical Reconstruction: A Case Study from the 1930s

You are probably aware of the fact that homes are being wrecked daily due to the fact that married women are permitted to work in factories and offices in this land of ours. You and we all know that the place for a wife and mother is at home, her palace. The excuse is often brought up that the husband cannot find employment. It is the writers’ belief that if the women were expelled from places of business,…these very men would find employment. These same womens’ husbands would naturally be paid a higher salary, inasmuch as male employees demand a higher salary than females.¹     

War by Conference

KEITH SAINSBURY. The Turning Point: Roosevelt, Stalin, and Chiang Kai-Shek, 1943: The Moscow, Cairo, and Teheran Conferences. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 373. £17.50, $29.95 (US); KEITH EUBANK. Summit at Teheran. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1985. Pp. 528. $21.95 (US).     

Settling Accounts: Retribution,Emotion and Memory during the Fall of Mussolini

Abstract

The fall of Mussolini on 25 July 1943, and the concomitant collapse of the Fascist regime, have long been recognized as a pivotal moment in the Second World War and, indeed, contemporary Italian history. To date, however, these events have been viewed almost exclusively ‘from above’, in terms of elite politics, international diplomacy, and military strategy. Drawing on the analytical frameworks of Alltagsgeschichte (‘everyday history’), the present contribution examines the experiences, reactions and behaviors of ordinary Italians during the fall of Fascism. In particular, it explores incidents of retributive and symbolic violence, political denunciation, and popular demonstration, in order to understand how individuals and communities expressed emotions and memories, negotiated relationships, and sought to redress grievances and antipathies developed over more than twenty years of ‘totalitarian’ dictatorship.     

The Magic Numbers Three,Seven and Seventy-Two in Cypriote Folk-Medicine

The Road to Hel, a Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature. By HILDA R. ELLIS : pp. VIII + 208, Cambridge University Press 1943, 12s. 6d. Reviewed by G. Turville-Petre.

CEREMONIAL COSTUMES OF THE PUEBLO INDIANS. By VIRGINIA MORE ROEDIGER. University of California Press : Cambridge University Press. 1942. 908. net folio, 241 pp., 40 coloured plates. Reviewed by B. A..     

Maintaining the Bar: Regulating European Barmaids in Colonial Calcutta and Rangoon

In 1902 the government of India banned the employment of European women as barmaids in Calcutta and Rangoon. This article examines this intervention, proceeding from the premise that a close look at this ban, and the women whose lives were affected by it, illuminates the entangled and at times contradictory ideas about gender, sexuality, mobility, labour and racial boundaries that characterised British imperial policy in India and Burma at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article argues that European barmaids, while seemingly marginal, in fact occupied a unique and important position within the British Empire, being at the heart of the recreational worlds of Calcutta and Rangoon. It further argues that the ban on the employment of barmaids reflects a wider official ambivalence about the new social forms emerging from the interactions of mobile subjects in these colonial port cities. Finally, it argues that Curzon’s and his colleagues’ intervention to ban the barmaids demonstrates the way that the relations of empire were negotiated through the control of mobile subjects.

The employment of barmaids was controversial in multiple sites across the British Empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, including in London. Yet the campaign against barmaids in London was unsuccessful, whereas the campaigns in Calcutta and Rangoon succeeded. The particular dynamics of the specific colonial context help to explain this difference: European barmaids in South and Southeast Asian colonial cities were marginal in multiple dimensions. Some of the women employed as barmaids were members of the domiciled European community, who occupied a place on the margins of both Englishness and ‘whiteness’. The barmaids’ employability in drinking establishments catering to a predominantly but not exclusively European clientele was in part a function of their European identity, yet that identity meant that their presence in the morally ambiguous space of the bar posed a threat to British prestige. To colonial officials, including Curzon, European women’s employment behind the bar was additionally problematic because these women could be employed in serving alcohol to non-European men in an inversion of the desired colonial hierarchy.     

Mussolini's unofficial mouthpiece: Telesio Interlandi ‐ Il Tevere and the evolution of Mussolini's anti‐Semitism

Abstract

The Fascist newspaper Il Tevere was founded by Mussolini in December 1924 and directed by Telesio Interlandi from the first to the last issue (it ceased publication with the fall of il Duce on 25 July 1943). It was an object of controversy between those who maintained that it was subsidized by Hitler and those who argued instead that it was the unofficial organ of the Italian dictator, just as Il Popolo d'Italia was his official organ. In this article we examine the issue using Italian and German sources, both published and unpublished, with the result that we join the majority of scholars in favor of the second hypothesis.