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建国以来,党和国家建立并实行以民主集中制为原则的集体领导和个人分工负责相结合的领导制度。本文从其历史渊源、具体实践中的探索、完善及创新三个方面,阐述了建国以来党和国家领导制度的历史演变。 相似文献
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旅游资源开发的时代演进及发展趋势浅析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
旅游资源开发是旅游业发展的基础。在漫长的历史发展中,其经历了自发时代、自觉时代、生态时代,正向信息时代迈进。本在分析旅游资源开发历史演进的基础上,提出“竞争与合作相统一”的开发理念,“科学化 网络化”的开发方式,“多元目标协调”的开发目标,探讨了其在新世纪里的发展趋势。 相似文献
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我国城市系统的形成和演进机制 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
我国城市系统的演进可归纳为萌芽与形成、低级均衡和合理不均衡三个阶段。形成和演进动力在于人类活动与产业及其空间实体的相互作用,其核心要素是行政等级城市网络、经济发展和市场联系与交通设施。文章指出城市系统合理演进应采取\"组织与自组织\"的战略,提出我国未来城市发展阶段(扩散均衡阶段和有序网络化阶段)及城市系统特征:中心城市网络体系的形成;城市职能的综合性与分异性;城市集聚区的形成和相对均匀分布。 相似文献
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Chengjin Wang Csar Ducruet 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2013,104(5):521-538
Spatial models of port system evolution often depict linearly the emergence of hierarchy through successive concentration phases of originally scattered ports. The Chinese case provides a fertile ground for complementing existing works by a long‐term perspective, given the early importance of river ports and seaports and the development irregularities caused by periods of closure and openness over time and across such a large land mass. In both qualitative and quantitative ways, this paper describes and analyses the changing spatial pattern of China's port system since the first unified empire (221bc ). Main results underline a certain stability of the port system with regard to the location of main sea‐river gateways, notwithstanding important regional shifts from one period to the other. 相似文献
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李科威 《文物保护与考古科学》1993,5(2):18-22
第二代考古情报检索系统(简称 AMIRS)已于1992年7月3日在长沙通过国家文物局的技术鉴定。我国考古界的情报资科检索工作正从非规范的体系分类法向规范的主盟词法发展;一个好的 AMIRS 将促进建立从标引、管理到检索、利用的考古主题词法情报工作体系。本文主要简述 AMIRS 的设计与实现的要点。 相似文献
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新信息环境下党校图书馆的定位与发展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
党校图书馆有别于一般高校图书馆,有其自身的优势,也存在相应的问题。在新信息环境下,党校图书馆需要有新的定位,需要不断推进数字化建设,利用网络发展信息服务,同时进一步实现图书馆系统的信息资源共享。 相似文献
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Cheng-Yi Lin 《European Planning Studies》2018,26(7):1413-1430
Spatial-organizational proximities are crucial elements underpinning the innovation practices of creative industries. However, few studies have systematically explored how creative industries integrate the heterogeneous synergies of local and trans-local innovation practices as the diversity driving the evolution of a creative cluster within an Asian city. This paper contributes to unpacking the spatiality of local and trans-local innovation practices in the design industry from an evolutionary perspective. Based on 55 semi-structured interviews with Taipei product designers from 2011 to 2015, this paper presents a multi-dimensional framework for the spatiality of innovation practices, which exhibit two evolutionary dynamics in Taipei’s design industry cluster. First, the political-economic context enables the design industry to recombine heterogeneous knowledge by illustrating different proximities and diversities in various spatial-temporal environments. Second, the design industry increasingly depends on local and trans-local innovation practices, leading to a dynamic spatial strategy of design product differentiation. Studying the spatiality of innovation practices in the design industry reveals that the role of strategic agency, not spatial conditions, is crucial to understanding the transformation of the design economy. 相似文献
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非法侵入计算机信息系统犯罪,是利用计算机网络进行犯罪且后果最为严重的一种犯罪。为了打击和预防非法侵入计算机信息系统的犯罪,不仅要强化对此类犯罪的安全防范技术和管理制度,而且应进一步完善惩治这一犯罪的立法,加强执法机构和执法队伍的执法力度,强化国际间的司法合作。 相似文献
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中国史前方形城址的出现,最早发生在龙山时代的中原地区。优越的地理环境,版筑技术的成熟,审美观、世界观中独特的价值取向以及聚落发展中重视事先规划与总体布局的文化传统,为方形城址的产生准备了必要的先决条件。龙山时代中原地区社会发展中礼制建设的需要,是方形城址出现的根本原因。 相似文献
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On reductionism and emergence in geomorphology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stephan Harrison 《Transactions (Institute of British Geographers : 1965)》2001,26(3):327-339
Much geomorphological enquiry has been devoted to the understanding of landscapes via the construction of models based on the relationships between process and form. This paper examines the philosophical, theoretical and practical problems involved in bridging the gap between studies of geomorphological processes and explanations of landscape development. It argues that process geomorphology is essentially reductionist and discusses the practical and logical limitations of such an approach to science. It suggests that landscapes are emergent phenomena and, by drawing from the philosophical and practical lessons derived from the physics of non-linear systems, demonstrates that they are not amenable to reductionist explanations. 相似文献
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等级制度是军队建设的一项重要内容,对部队的正规化建设、制度化管理、调整军内各种人员之间的利益关系、调动广大官兵的积极性具有重要作用。我国从1952年全军统一评定“军队级别”开始,到目前实行的新军衔制度,先后在军内设置过的等级形式有11种,其中有的等级形式是军队专用的,有的是沿用了地方干部的级别。等级存在时间最长的为24年,寿命最短的只有2年。这些等级有的是在不同人员中设置,有的是在同类人员中重叠。目前人民解放军仍然有6种等级,即军衔等级、军官职务等级、文职级别、文职干部职务等级、专业技术等级、工资档次等级,是世界上等级最多的军队之一。 相似文献
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Shing-Chung Jonathan Yam 《Interdisciplinary science reviews : ISR》2019,44(1):38-54
This paper addresses the idea of having ‘information experiences’ in our information society, a concept that prevails in the business world but is under-explored in the sociological study of information. From the literature, I identify the three theoretical approaches to these experiences as simulated, personalized and epistemological, and adopt an interpretivist approach to explore how recent trends manifest. Simulated experience is closely related to ‘virtuality’, a concept developed in the early days of the internet, while personalized experience arises out of participation in social websites. Centring on the third, I use data from Yam’s case studies on Wikipedia and further propose three factors that sustain the discursive environment of epistemological experience. 相似文献
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城市系统演化的复杂性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
城市演化是由复杂多样的动力和主体推动的,受全球、国家和地方尺度的多重影响,表现出复杂的演化规律和特征。笔者认为城市系统演化模式与过程的研究需要发展一个基于复杂性理论的跨学科的分析框架。本文首先提出一个城市系统演化的概念模型,然后运用层次理论分析了城市系统演化的复杂相互作用,论述了城市系统演化的组成异质性、时空复杂性、决策复杂性等复杂性表征,最后讨论了城市系统演化的各种复杂规律。 相似文献
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Duco De Vos Evert Meijers 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2019,110(4):486-506
This paper addresses the interaction between information technology (IT) and agglomeration. The literature distinguishes two types of interactions, namely a substitution effect and a complementarity effect. We conceptualise a third effect, namely a ‘spillover’ mechanism, by which IT allows places in close proximity of large cities to ‘borrow size’ and sustain greater product variety. We test these mechanisms using detailed data on restaurant cuisine variety in the Netherlands, and the IT dimension is measured through the use and penetration of online restaurant reviews. We find that IT complements cuisine variety in cities, and induces spillovers to smaller places near larger ones, allowing smaller places to sustain ‘rare’ cuisines that were traditionally only present in larger cities. As such, IT leads to the spread of agglomeration benefits such as local product variety over larger territories. 相似文献
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为了探讨多光谱摄影技术在纺织品文物信息无损提取中的实用性,利用多光谱成像系统和微型光谱仪对正德八年诰命中破损的纹理组织、模糊的墨书字迹进行识别。在对诰命的图像信息提取后发现,多光谱的红外光波段对纺织品文物上的墨书字迹具有较好的识别作用;在颜色复杂或肉眼无法识别细微纹理的情况下,结合提取对象的反射光谱,可以较好获取织物颜色和纹理信息,完善和补充纺织品文物的相关信息。多光谱摄影技术在纺织品文物信息无损分析方面具有较好的实用性。 相似文献
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Brendan Maartens 《Contemporary British History》2016,30(4):542-562
Since the 1980s, several studies of post-war British propaganda have been published. While many of these have focused on developments abroad, some have explored domestic work carried out under the auspices of the Central Office of Information. Established in 1946, the Central Office of Information provided a range of services to government departments, including advertising and public opinion polling, but it was just part of a wider system of official communications that has tended to attract less attention in the historiography. Reorganised by Clement Attlee’s post-war Labour governments, this system was presented to the public as a means of disseminating impartial and apparently non-controversial ‘facts’ about government policy. Few commentators today accept that justification, but little is known about why it emerged after the Second World War or what impact it had on existing communications machinery. Taking a broad view of the subject that considers the inter-war and wartime antecedents to the post-war communications system, this paper seeks to fill in some of the gaps that have emerged in the literature. Focusing on shifts in official nomenclature and departmental practice, it explores the relationship propaganda shared to government policy and its broader legacy in the twentieth century. 相似文献
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历史时期疏勒河水系变迁及相关问题研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
张景平 《中国历史地理论丛》2010,25(4)
疏勒河是河西走廊西部的重要河流,关于历史时期其水系的演变问题,前辈学者已从不同角度予以关注,但在方法与详尽程度方面仍有较大改进空间。本文在充分发掘地方文献的基础上,充分利用游记、考古材料,并结合自然科学相关研究成果,就历史时期各阶段疏勒河流域水系分布状况与演变过程进行了全面讨论,订正了一些广为流传的明显错误,并就其中涉及到的部分古代地名问题提出了自己的看法。 相似文献
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自留地制度是在农业合作化和集体化过程中,由农民群众在实践中创造的一种补充性的土地经营制度。它经历了反复几次的"放和收",最终以《农村人民公社工作条例(草案)》的实施而基本定型。自留地是社员拥有的具有长期使用权和相对完整收益权的自由小天地,对于提高农民生活水平和调动社员的生产积极性发挥过十分重要的作用。 相似文献