The Policy Sciences of Social Media

Twitter, Facebook, and other social media are increasingly touted as platforms not merely for networks of friends and for private diversion, but as vehicles that allow ordinary people to enter and influence the many arenas of public life. On the surface, the disparate and shapeless population of “i‐reporters,” policy “tweeters,” and anonymous news web site “commentators” would appear to challenge the comparatively well‐defined cast of professional diplomats, journalists, and propagandists that Harold D. Lasswell identified as policy‐oriented communicators. However, to illuminate the roles and impacts of social media in politics and policymaking, insights from Lasswell's “science of communication” must be embedded in Lasswell's broader lessons on value assets and outcomes. A closer look at the so‐called democratizing functions of social media in politics reveals the influence of powerful intermediaries who filter and shape electronic communications. Lasswell's insights on the likelihood of increased collaboration among political elites and skilled, “modernizing intellectuals” anticipates contemporary instances of state actors who recruit skilled creators and users of social media—collaborations that may or may not advance experiments in democracy. Lasswell's decision process concept is deployed to discover social media's strengths and weaknesses for the practicing policy scientist.     

古希腊哲学嬗变的社会历史动因

古希腊哲学走向沿循着社会历史发展轨迹起伏波动。古希腊历史上不同时期的社会状况对哲学产生了重要影响,呈现出明确的阶段性、层次性。即不同历史时期,哲学家们所关注问题的差异性清晰可辨,而且映衬着古代希腊社会历史走向。探讨古希腊哲学嬗变,着眼于社会历史动因,通过社会历史演进解读哲学的发展变化,有利于认知古希腊哲学的时代特征。     

浅论改革实践与社会思想意识的嬗变

中国二十余年改革实践,不仅带来了经济、政治和化领域的深刻变化,而且为社会意识领域主流思想的发展和个体意识的多样化提供了极其深广的社会历史背景。在此背景下,只有进一步大力弘扬和发展积极、健康、向上的思想意识主流,消除不良思想倾向的负面影响,才能为新的改革实践提供精神动力、智力支持和思想保证。     

近代西北皮毛贸易与社会变迁

自清代晚期以来,随着中西贸易的不断深化和扩大,皮毛贸易逐渐成了整个西北商业、金融运行的"发动机",这个"发动机"不仅有力地推动了西北城镇布局的演变,而且还有力地改变了西北牧民的消费结构。前者主要表现在西北城镇布局从以河西走廊为中心逐渐转变为以沿黄河为中心的格局,也就是说,西北城镇布局由历来以东西为主转变为以南北为主的格局;后者主要表现在牧民购买粮、布等生活用品的数量和品种的急剧增加,从而使其衣食结构等方面发生了重大变化。不仅如此,皮毛贸易还引起了西北牧民的思想意识和生产结构等诸方面的变化,这些也是值得关注和研讨的问题。     

Social Change and Residential Differentiation: Perth 1971-81

Despite the continuing interest in urban residential patterns in Australia, few studies have dealt with changes over time. Using a variety of social indicators, this paper examines spatial differentiation in Perth between 1971 and 1981, focussing in particular on the proposition that, over time, social inequality within an urban area has a tendency to increase (Stilwell and Hardwick, 1973). However, although the results provide only limited evidence of this, structural changes in the workforce are clearly reflected in changing patterns of residential differentiation. The findings also illustrate the effects of social change in inner city areas and have important theoretical implications.     

Re-approaching Celts: Origins,Society, and Social Change

Journal of Archaeological Research - This work re-approaches the origins of “the Celts” by detailing the character of their society and the nature of social change in Europe across...     

Creative Copenhagen: Globalization,Urban Governance and Social Change

The introduction of 'creativity' and the 'creative city' in imagineering Copenhagen and in strategies for developing its urban competitiveness is analysed from a perspective on relations between processes of globalization, developments in urban government/governance and social geographic change. This perspective problematizes what on the surface seems to be an unequivocally positive quality ('creative') and goal ('creativity'). We argue there is a need to recognize the social costs of developments that are glossed over by the creative city rhetoric, including diminished representative democracy, social and geographic polarization and considerable displacement of the marginalized.     

Structural Change,the Social Policy Environment and Female Employment in Turkey

Since the 1970s, a series of demand and supply related changes have led to significant labour market transformations which have brought about a sustained increase in female employment throughout the world. While similar transformations have also been underway in Turkey, the country appears to be one of the rare exceptions to worldwide trends. During the last two decades both female labour force participation and female employment rates have declined at national level. In this article, two sets of questions are posed to explore the factors likely to influence female labour force participation. One set of questions pertains to the society‐specific dynamics of structural change in employment patterns in Turkey, with particular reference to the level and composition of employment in the service sector. A second set of questions is posed to examine labour market relations and the social policy environment in Turkey, and their impact on the demand for and supply of female labour. Current changes in the prevailing policy environment are considered to highlight a certain contradiction in the attitudes of decision makers who seem to be faced with a trade‐off between continuing adherence to conservative patriarchal values and the objectives of increasing labour force participation and combating poverty.     

(Mal)Development in Central America: Globalization and Social Change

This article develops a globalization framework and a model of transnational processes for analysing social change and development, and then applies the model to Central America. The analysis emphasizes determinacy, in the last instance, of social forces in historic developmental outcomes, and documents how social forces in struggles in an emergent transnational environment have shaped Central America's changing profile within the global economy and society. Revolutionary movements, a new class structure, US geo-political considerations, and the internationalization of East Asian economies, have all contributed to a new model of development; from the 1960s into the 1990s the national model of development is being replaced by a transnational model. Maquiladora garment production, tourism, non-traditional agricultural exports, and remittances from emigrant workers are coming to eclipse traditional agro-exports as the most dynamic economic sectors linking the region to globalized circuits of production and distribution. The article also examines Central American migration to the US and gender dimensions of the new transnational model of development.     

论春秋战国时期中国社会的转型

春秋战国时期中国社会发生的变化一直被看作是“从奴隶社会转变为封建社会”,其实是中国社会发生了转型。这一社会转型是中国从封建分权的王国时代进入了专制集权的帝国时代。     

Social Change in An Urban-Rural Fringe: Marques,Brazil

Communities at the fringe of cities in southeastern Brazil are characterized by rapidly changing social values associated with elements of economic modernization. The economy of the small rural village of Marques, situated near Piracicaba, a city of 500,000 population, has been transformed from one based on local subsistence and cash crop farming to one of diversified urban employment. Migration to the city has been significant. Despite diminished economic output, family and institutional ties have kept many from moving away from Marques and draw former residents back for special occasions.     

印刷媒介影响下的宋代主流思想变革

宋代是近古时期的开始,宋代主流思想发生了重大变革,奠定了近古的思想传统。同时,宋代也是技术繁荣时期,中国印刷术在宋代迎来了高峰。作为思想发展的载体,繁荣的印刷媒介对思想的演化有显著影响,这种影响体现在主流思想变革的三个过程:旧思想的瓦解和转化、思想间融合、新思想普及。