民国时期婚姻行为研究——以“五普”长表数据库为基础的分析

20世纪三四十年代以初婚年龄和夫妇婚龄差异为核心的婚姻行为仍保持了浓厚的传统色彩;城乡之间婚姻行为没有明显分野。婚姻行为与社会发展背离的原因在于,民国婚姻法律并未对广大城乡所存在的父母包办婚姻形成真正限制,更谈不上取消。当然,从全国来看,男女14岁以下的极端早婚行为和妻长夫幼的婚配所占比例并不大。     

试论古代罗马人的有夫权婚姻和无夫权婚姻

试论古代罗马人的有夫权婚姻和无夫权婚姻吴藜婚姻是人们为了组成家庭,沿续人类种族和社会所发生的具有普遍意义的社会行为。古代罗马人的婚姻形式－－有夫权婚姻（ｍａｔｒｉｍｏｎｉｕｍｃｕｍｍａｎｕ）和无夫权婚姻（ｍａｔｒｉｍｏｎｉｕｍｓｉｎｅｍａｎｕ）,在人...     

近代山西婚姻行为中的陋俗问题

民国时期的婚姻转型在山西农村中有所体现,但农村婚姻行为中的大量陋俗成了婚姻转型的障碍,尤其是早婚、重财、买卖婚姻、冥婚等一系列陋俗成为当时山西农村婚姻的组成部分,而剔除这些陋俗就成了近代山西农村婚姻转型的重点问题。     

婚书与中国婚姻变迁——《清代民间婚书研究》读后

中国婚姻史研究,特别是清代婚姻史研究在最近十年间取得了长足的进步。这得益于一批学者大力挖掘、整理档案和文书等第一手资料,从新的视角审视丰富而复杂的婚姻现象。郭松义、定宜庄两位教授的新著《清代民间婚书研究》(以下简称《婚书》)为中国婚姻史研究的这一势头注入了新的活力。在中国历史上,政府直接介入民众婚姻缔结行为(设置婚姻登记机构、颁发结婚证书)的时间很晚,基本是民国以后的事,而婚姻登记制度的全面实施则是1949年以后。这意味着,近代之前,婚姻行为完全以民间方式确立。但民间婚姻却受到政府规定、甚至国家法律的约束,以使…     

婚介、择偶与彩礼:人民公社时期农村青年的婚姻观念及行为

人民公社时期,农村青年的婚姻观念及行为发生着或隐或显的变化,这是认识国家、集体、家庭对该群体产生影响的重要途径。"媒人包办"受到批判、"介绍式婚姻"增多,预示着农村青年婚姻决定权的提升。然而,政治身份、城乡差距、职业声望等,仍对农村青年的择偶行为产生决定性影响。进入人民公社中后期,财物从彩礼到嫁妆、最后流向新婚小家庭,折射出农村青年"个人意识"的增强。     

特殊情况的重婚

重婚是多个婚姻的冲突。如何认定特殊情况下的重婚,对于保护当事人的合法权益、维护社会的正常的婚姻家庭秩序,具有重要意义。本文认为,重婚应当具备以下几个要件:婚姻的多重性、主体的同一性、时间的一致性和效力的冲突性。其中,所考察的"婚姻"是否成立有效具有决定性的意义。     

简析三国时代婚制的主要特点

古人将婚姻看作是延续家族的行为,是子孙对祖先应尽的职责。《礼记·昏义》云："婚礼者,将合二姓之好,上以事宗庙,而下以继后世也,故君子重之"。人们强调婚姻的重要性,也就是在强调婚姻的家族利益。为保证家族血统的纯洁和神圣,婚姻双方讲求门当户对,封建时代大抵如此。不过,三国魏晋南北朝时期,以门第观念为主要依据的身份内婚制出现端倪,并将这种风气愈演愈烈,成为这一时期婚制的主要特点。当时无论是皇亲国戚,还是高门望族,往往都被这种封闭型的婚姻所束缚,从而衍生出种种弊端,对此后的婚姻观念及婚俗带来多方面不良的影…     

试论苗族妇女的婚姻自主权

婚姻自主权是妇女的基本权利之一。苗族妇女的婚姻自主权主要表现在三个方面。一是结婚按照自己的意愿选择丈夫的权利;二是婚姻破裂后离婚的自主权;三是离婚或丈夫死后再婚的自主权。苗族妇女自古以来就崇尚婚姻自主,恋爱自由。但是在苗族妇女中自主婚姻以及父母包办、舅权干预婚姻基本上同时并存,离婚的权利同样如此,再嫁的权利和家族的干预同时并存。本文拟从上述几个方面对苗族妇女婚姻自主权的衍变进行探讨。一、苗核妇女争取婚姻自主权的表现形式在苗族婚姻发展史上,自由恋爱的婚姻出现较早。和人类的其它众多民族一样,苗族在远…     

“三仙姑”的辩解

三仙姑是农民中落后的封建家长的代表,是封建婚姻的受害者,但却又百般阻挠小芹和小二黑自由自主的婚姻。她这种变态心理和行为是旧中国封建意识形态及婚姻制度影响和毒害的结果,罪在当时的社会政权,过在封建的婚姻制度,读者应以宽容的心态对三仙姑予以理解、宽恕及同情。     

对于我国事实婚姻法律效力的思考

1994年2月1日《结婚登记管理条例》施行后,我国逐渐开始不再承认事实婚的效力,但随着我国社会的发展和人们观念的变化,现实生活中男女双方未经结婚登记而同居的现象已比较普遍,这实质上也就是我国已不再承认的事实婚姻状态。同时,我国《刑法》有关于重婚罪的规定,但《刑法》规定的重婚情节只包括了两个婚姻都是法律婚和前婚是法律婚而后婚是事实婚的情形——尚需注意的是我国刑法依然采用事实婚的概念一显然没有包括的两个婚姻都是事实婚和前婚为事实婚而后婚为法律婚的情形,这样规定个人觉得将不利于妇女儿童等弱势群体权益的维护。而我国目前的婚姻采取的是登记生效主义的立场,即只有经过了合法登记形成的婚姻关系才具有法律效力,才会受到法律的保护,这样的立场显然不会保护事实上形成的婚姻关系。本文中,作者试从借鉴物权法中登记的对抗要件主义理论的立场论述．适当的修正结婚登记的作用,赋予事实婚姻适当的法律拘束力。以期能更好的贯彻和实现婚姻法保护妇女儿童合法权益的原则和民法上意思自治的宗旨。     

国际移民与婚姻挤压——以战后四邑侨乡为例的探讨

论文从战后四邑侨乡社会婚姻挤压的形成、战后四邑侨乡社会婚姻挤压下的社会调适等方面,对战后四邑侨乡社会重建问题进行研究。认为战后四邑侨乡社会的婚姻挤压是特殊历史时期各种社会经济因素相互影响、共同作用的结果;战争时期的兵燹、饥荒、瘟疫疾病、侨汇中断与国际移民网络丧失等一系列突发性的历史事件及其所带来的社会影响,造成了侨乡社会人口性别年龄结构的急剧变动;战后时期,美、加等国移民新政扫除了侨乡社会向海外华人社会跨国婚姻自由迁移的政策障碍;中外交通的恢复、国际移民网络的重建、巨量侨汇的涌入与华侨残破家庭的重建等社会经济因素的叠加,进一步加剧了婚姻市场的挤压程度。面对日益严峻的婚姻挤压问题,四邑侨乡社会在普通民众追求个人生活幸福的理性选择基础之上,形成了一些新的社会文化规范,衍生出一系列应对婚姻挤压效应的社会机制。     

Factors affecting female age at marriage in South Asia

In contrast to East and South-east Asia, changes in marriage patterns have played a small role in reducing fertility in South Asia. While age at marriage for women has risen, it remains early, with the exception of Sri Lanka, and change has been slow. Except in Sri Lanka, the region has shown few signs that there will be a sizable population that will never marry. South Asia's marriage patterns reflect its cultural context and lesser socio-economic change but their precise effect is not simple or always predictable. The paper examines these issues in Bangladesh, where age at marriage is very early, and Sri Lanka, where it is much later. The study areas, Dhaka city and south-western Sri Lanka, are ones of great economic and social change. A particular examination is made of the way in which changes in the arrangement of marriage affect age at marriage.     

Trends and Implications of Delayed and Non-Marriage in Korea

Korea has experienced marital transition since the 1920s, but recent data reveal rapid changes in marital behaviour and norms. Analysts usually relate these to the second fertility transition, fast growing gender equality, economic developments, and ideational changes, pointing to the necessity of understanding the process of change in marital behaviour in the context of societal transformation as well as demographic transition. With this background in mind, this paper constructs refined measures, such as age-specific first marriage rates and total first marriage rates, for different time periods and for different cohorts to present a clearer picture of marriage trends. The results are then examined in relation to various social and demographic factors, a procedure which provides an indirect check on the validity and usefulness of the method.     

从通婚的变化看唐代入华粟特人的汉化--以墓志材料为中心

婚姻关系是社会发生及组织之渊源,每个民族的文化特征,最容易在其婚姻现象中表现出来。不同民族间 的通婚,既是民族融合的基本前提,也是民族融合的标志。唐代出现的大量入华粟特人同汉民族之间的通婚现象,鲜明 地反映出入华粟特人汉化的渐进趋势。本文以墓志材料为据,论证了唐代出现的这种现象及其特性。     

两难的选择：建国初期的华侨婚姻政策

新中国成立初期,保护华侨侨眷利益的侨务政策与《婚姻法》规定的男女平等和婚姻自由原则发生冲突。为了兼顾华侨与侨眷利益,相关部门谨慎探索可行途径,维护新生政权的稳定。但由于外交途径有限,法律法规不够健全以及国内政治倾向的限制,也出现了顾此失彼等问题。     

清代中期婚姻行为分析——立足于1781—1791年的考察

本文主要依据中国第一历史档案馆所藏乾隆朝刑科题本婚姻家庭类档案中收集的个案资料 ,对 18世纪中后期中国的婚姻行为包括初婚年龄、离婚表现和再婚状况做了初步分析。研究结论表明 ,在当时社会 ,女性早婚是比较普遍的现象 ,男性中早婚和晚婚两种现象并存 ;离婚是人们尽可能避免的 ,离婚中 ,丈夫休妻和嫁卖妻子为主流 ;丧偶妇女再婚和守节并存 ,中青年丧偶妇女再婚比例较高 ,但守节也有一定比例     

The Geography of Marriage

While some geographical surveys on marriage behaviour concern general marriage patterns and family systems, there are other discussions on regional variations in marriage within specific countries. This article belongs to the latter tradition, charting the regional differences in ages at marriage in Sweden from 1870 to 1900, and exploring potential determinants of the regional variation. The study builds on Sundbärg's division of Sweden into three main demographic regions, the subsequent Swedish research, and the historical-demographic studies on the determinants of marriage. The results do not fit perfectly into Sundbärg's geography but find a basic divide between the west and east/north of Sweden, mean ages at first marriage being one to one-and-a-half years higher in the west. Social norms and socioeconomic structure seem to have influenced the timing of marriage. At county level, family farming and crowding/competition over land and tenure were typically associated with later marriages, while commercial agriculture and a more diverse economy were correlated with a lower average marriage age. Also, in counties where real wages were higher, marriages usually took place earlier. Finally, results indicate that counties characterized by more secular and tolerant values were on average associated with earlier marriages.     

Changing trends in international marriages between Korean men and Southeast Asian women, 1993–2013

Korea witnessed a large increase in the fraction of men marrying spouses from Southeast Asia. In the 1990s, about one per cent of Korean men’s new marriages were to Southeast Asian women but by 2005, this increased to over nine per cent with even higher rates in rural areas. With the use of a logit model and Marriage Register data from 1993–2013, the determinants of international marriages are explored using a more rigorous approach and over a longer period of observation compared to previous studies. Older Korean men with lower socioeconomic status were more likely to marry a woman from Southeast Asia (compared to a fellow Korean). The predictors of international marriage differed depending on the wife’s birth country: if the wife had some college education there was a higher probability of marriage to a Filipino woman, but less likely to a woman from China or Vietnam, compared to marriage to a Korean woman. Finally, over the past two decades the education level, age at marriage, and country of origin of the foreign wives have changed substantially. The data shows fewer women migrating from China (of which about 70% are ethnically Korean), and a rising number from Vietnam. This ‘marriage migration’ has implications for the demographics, ethnicity, and occupational composition of those living in Korea.     

West over Sea: studies in Scandinavian sea-borne expansion and settlement before 1300

This article explores marriage settlements in national political debate and legal usage in three Swedish towns, c. 1870–1920. During this period one of the central issues for the Swedish women's movement was to abolish the legalized male dominance within marriage. Despite some ambiguities towards marriage settlements, the women's movement tried to encourage women to write up contracts before marriage, as a way to both protect their property and to achieve more power within marriage. Traditionally, marriage settlements were exceptions in Swedish legal practice, but they became somewhat more common during the period under investigation. This development could be explained by the population increase and industrialization, but only partially. The analysis of the initiators, their social background and civil status as well as the change of contents in the marriage settlements are interpreted not only as reflections of economic change, but as evidence of female agency and emancipation.     

中韩国际婚姻的跨国家庭纽带研究——以汉族婚姻移民女性为中心

论文以22名嫁韩中国女性为对象,从跨国主义的视角分析她们在韩的婚姻现状、与原生家庭间的跨国联系及这种联系的性质和意义。研究发现,这些女性绝大多数来自中国东北三省和山东沿海地区;中介婚姻占近70%,且与丈夫的年龄差距普遍较大;再婚者占较大比例。其中,60%与韩国丈夫育有子女,已在韩国生活多年,并从事各种非专业化工作。这些女性通过汇款寄物,信息通讯交流,回国探亲,邀请家人来韩等一系列方式维持着跨国家庭纽带。而她们的中国家人也为其提供育儿、家政以及精神抚慰等多方面的支持。通过跨国家庭纽带,汉族女性与原生家庭成员之间实现的是一种灵活变动着的"跨国看护",双方是互惠互利的。