Machiavélisme et Staats-Raison au XVIIIe siècle d’après L’Universal-Lexikon de Zedler

This article examines the manner in which the Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexikon published by Johann Heinrich Zedler from 1732 to 1750 and considered as the most important german language encyclopedia of its time, welcomes and restructures the classical doctrine of the reason of State. Contrary to the interpretation in which the concept of the State developed by the Lexikon would fit into a pure jusnaturalistic logic, it shows the permanence, parallel to wolffian natural law, of a prudential tradition of political thought. The Lexikon, a contemporary of the Anti-Machiavel of Frederic II, thus appears to be the faithful mirror of the heterogeneous tendencies which then illustrate the field of the problems in the reason of State.     

La vertu des images. Analogie, proportion et métaphore dans la genèse des sciences sociales au XVIIIe siècle

Moral newtonianism, in fashion by the middle of the XVIII^th century, is not only a metaphor. Based on the oneness of nature, it assumes a law of society equivalent to the law of distance innewtonian physics, perhaps offering the possibility of measurement. This method of inductive analogy (A/B=C/D) underlies Jean-Jacques Rousseau'sSocial contract: Rousseau uses classical metaphors of clockwork, modeling his notion of government on a watch and including mathematical proportions used by clockmakers to design the parts. Similarly, in hisTheory of moral sentiments, Adam Smith uses the old metaphor of the eye of the mind, modeling his social system on the recent notions of perspective: two persons, when they meet, will regulate their passions — of any type except interest — according to an imaginary distance between them, which varies according to the nature of the passion and its level. It is essential to restore these translations and the subsequent debates in order to understand the implications for sociology throughout the XIX^th century.     

Her(media)land ? Nouveaux espaces militants par et pour les lesbiennes en France au XXIème siècle

ABSTRACT

Moins visible et moins flamboyante que la vie culturelle médiatisée des gays, celle des lesbiennes françaises n’en est pas moins riche et variée, surtout depuis les années 2010, malgré une diffusion moindre.

En 2014, le magazine Well Well Well revue au format mook (mi-magazine, mi-book) sort son premier numéro à l’automne avec Céline Sciamma en couverture. Au même moment, la journaliste Anne Delabre crée l’association « Le 7e Genre », qui propose un ciné-club mensuel dans le but de « décrypter les représentations des questions LGBT au cinéma ». Plus récemment encore, les lesbiennes s’invitent à la radio en contribuant une fois par mois aux émissions d’Homo-micro sous le titre « Gouinement lundi ».

Cet article s’intéressera à ces nouvelles formes de militantisme lesbien, en s’interrogeant sur la manière dont elles s’inscrivent dans un continuum d’activisme LGBT tout en générant leurs propres singularités. Il analysera les publics lesbiens visés par ces démarches et la manière dont ces médias lesbiens du second millénaire intègrent et s’adressent à « toutes ces femmes qui viennent d’horizons si différents et qui n’ont en commun qu’une orientation sexuelle » comme l’écrit Marie Kirschen.     

Vers une histoire de la mémoire sportive en France ? Cadres théoriques et éléments d’analyse

The main objectives of this article are to highlight memory as a phenomenon in the field of sport, to determine its content and to understand the dynamics that governed it during the twentieth century. Memory and its socio-historical study are two growing dimensions of the postmodern era, while sport, structured by industrial societies, has shaped modes of representation, notably since the second half of the century. Through the link between sport and society, the spatial and temporal considerations as well as the reconfiguration of social frameworks, we will therefore reveal the existence and emergence of memory as a vital element of the contemporary sporting sphere. From this analysis, we will also put forward a first assessment of existing uses of sporting memory: between historical legitimacy and patrimonialisation.