临时政府结束后的孙中山

人们对事物的认识,是受一定的社会历史条件、阶级地位、认识水平,和对事物的了解程度所制约的。一种认识,一经形成之后,往往在相当长的时间内,支配着人们的行动。即使实践证明它是不符合实际的,但如果没有正确的世界观与方法论的指导,     

集体无意识对大众传播中定式思维的影响探究

随着现代传播技术和商品经济的快速发展,新闻行业中的竞争日趋激烈,媒体也在追求高回报率、高收益率和媒体责任感之间博弈以寻求最佳平衡点。而集体无意识作为一种以记忆的意象所特有的形式,也在影响着媒体的报道思维和价值选择。大众传播时代,媒介的定式思维以潜藏于由社会人组成的受众与媒介中的集体无意识为基石,通过相似的报道取向和文字表达,使得公众的集体无意识进一步得到巩固,而媒介的定式思维也更加明显。     

隐喻认知与英汉文化差异

隐喻是用一种事物来理解和体验另外一种事物的方式,是人们赖以生存的一种语言现象和认知模式。它受社会文化背景影响,表现出明显的文化特征。隐喻是理解认知能力的唯一方法,也是语言理解和语言习得中不可缺少的工具。了解英汉语言中隐喻的不同特点,对于在跨文化交际中语言的学习将起到积极的作用。     

人体词“头”的隐喻性文化伴随意义：俄汉对比研究

隐喻作为生活中的普遍现象,不仅是人们创造性地运用语言的方式,也是一种认识事物的思维模式。不同民族语言中的隐喻受时空、地域、自然环境及文化传统等诸因素的影响有着不同的文化伴随意义。本文以“头”为例对比分析了俄汉语中人体词隐喻化的文化伴随意义。     

旅游企业员工行为管理中的态度问题

在心理学中,态度是指“经验体系化反应的准备阶段,亦即人们对其他事物的认识喜恶及反应等心理倾向”。本就新时期社会价值观念转变而引起的旅游企业管理与被管理对事物认识和反映心理倾向的变化,探讨这种变化在旅游企业员工行为管理中的作用。     

地方志工作的哲学思辨

作为认识世界的思维工具,哲学特别是辩证法为人们认识和掌握包括地方志等社会文化现象以及世间事物提供了功能强大的利器.掌握辩证思维方法,正确理解地方志事业的至上与非至上、发展条件、内容与形式、质量与数量、守成与创新等原理和范畴,有助方志人跳出自我封闭的狭小境界,更客观地评价地方志的社会功能,从社会发展和方志事业发展需要这一...     

动物比喻的翻译在英汉翻译教学中的实践

动物比喻中的动物形象的指示不同,主要是由于文化、风俗、习俗及民族的思维定式的差异造成的。本文举例阐述了人们对于动物比喻的理解偏差,以及在教学中如何指导学生正确翻译理解动物比喻。     

生活的舞者--解读孔健和她的蜀王模式

她是一个舞者,在竞争激烈的餐饮舞台上,用13年的时间,成功突破火锅行业的局限和思维定式,缔造出一个餐饮帝国。在本地火锅行业激战已趋白热化的背景下,没有人能够想象她能坐在他山之上,与人大秤分金,然而她用事实赢得了世人的惊叹。一个年营业额超过亿元的企业老板,人们依然常见到她出入各菜市场,更能看到她穿梭服务于饭店的人群之中,和员工一起起早摸黑,从不间断。她说:“一个人如果能把一件件别人认为很简单的事情,认认真真、年复一年、反反复复、脚踏实地去做好,那么她就会离成功越来越近了。”她就是安徽蜀王餐饮集团掌门人,全国巾帼创…     

方志之质界说

对方志所固有的质的认识,是认识方志的起点和基础,它从根本上指导和决定着对其他理论问题的认识与研究。我们认识一种事物基本的,首要的条件,就是要把这种事物与其他事物区别开来,而区别事物基本的、首要的依据就是不同事物所具有     

社会时代与历史认知：70年来五四运动研究衍变评述

社会时代对于人们认识历史的活动有着强烈的影响。中华人民共和国成立70年来,随着社会的发展,思想与生活的变迁,五四运动研究也相应地经历着某些值得关注的变化。特别是在运动的性质、领导权、与传统文化及西方文化的关系及某些关键人物的评价等问题上,不同时期的社会政治状况与思想倾向均对学界的相关认识与评价发生着明显的、强烈的影响,使之随着社会时代的发展而在不断地衍变。总地看来,70年来学界对五四运动的认识是愈来愈深入,愈来愈全面了。唯物史观认为,社会意识形态是社会经济、政治及社会生活的反映。历史认识是意识形态的重要内容,现实社会状况对于历史学研究的影响或制约也相应地更为明显。人们对于五四运动认识与评价的衍变证明着这一点。     

Social Boundaries and Networks in the Diffusion of Innovations: a Short Introduction

This short introduction briefly recalls how sociological theories and formal methods for social networks can help to interpret diffusion processes of ancient cultural traits. It also provides a presentation of the selected papers. These papers focus not on the ways archaeological data can be represented in a relational format, but on the potential of specific sociological network-related models to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of diffusion processes. The necessity to develop more fine-grained information to reconstruct ancient local social networks is underlined while three aspects of the diffusion process are explored: (a) situations in which cultural practices are not borrowed in spite of contact between groups; (b) situations in which cultural practices are adopted; and (c) situations in which cultural practices in one group are copied by people from another group. All of them take inspiration from sociological studies of diffusion processes through networks, although to different extents.     

胡人发型:中古“剪头胡雏”艺术形象试解

古人发型是文化界长期关注的一个重要现象。发型不仅是时代的特征与时尚的符号,也是各个族群的辨识标志。从北朝到隋唐的中古社会,"剪头胡雏"的文物图像屡屡出现,一般来说,此类胡人形象是剪发而不是束发,在当时以"高髻为尚"的社会习俗中,"剪头胡雏"发型是有着"阶级感"的存在,是有关底层胡人的直观艺术产物。也说明当时入华胡人还没有彻底"汉化",仍然保留着本族群的发型特征。该发式是胡人与汉人的区别,也是其身份归属的象征。     

THE MEANING OF CULTURAL FESTIVALS

Cultural festivals and events are increasingly becoming arenas of discourse enabling people to express their views on wider cultural, social and political issues. Often the debates polarise into those advocating change and those wishing to preserve “traditional” or “local” culture in the face of modernisation and globalisation. This article analyses the discourse on cultural festivals from the perspective of stakeholders involved in traditional and popular culture events in Catalunya. There is generally a high level of agreement about the aims of cultural events and the cultural content that is appropriate for them. In particular, the importance of cultural events in underpinning Catalan identity is seen as being important. However, stakeholders tend to differ more in the meanings attached to concepts such as identity, with policy makers exhibiting a greater emphasis on economic and political issues, whereas cultural producers are more concerned with social aspects of identity. However, the general consensus on the social role of cultural events between the different stakeholders may be one explanation for the relatively vibrant festival culture in Catalunya.     

From speech to literature: Low German and Mennonite identity in two worlds

Chile's geographical remoteness has largely defined the imaginaries people share about this Latin American country. Despite its historical image as finis terrae (“the end of the world”), migrants from all corners found their way to these isolated peripheral lands. Thanks to new means of transport and communication, Chile nowadays is as exposed to the global circulation of people, objects and ideas as the rest of the world. Based on a combination of archival research and ethnographic fieldwork, this article traces how old (and originally foreign) imaginaries about Chile as an inaccessible island keep on influencing how contemporary Chileans participate in and frame their perceived exclusion from a plethora of new transnational mobilities, regardless of whether they have the means and freedom to cross imaginary boundaries and real borders or not. Although increasingly under outside pressure, the value of immobility remains at the core of the Chilean social imaginary, geo-politics and cultural life.     

Envisioning gender,indigeneity and urban change: the case of La Paz,Bolivia

La Paz, Bolivia, and its neighbouring city, El Alto, have been experiencing patterns of urban accumulation, dispossession and displacement that demonstrate the importance of social, cultural and historical logics to understanding the politics of urban space. A striking feature of these patterns is that the image of the person who has accumulated enough wealth to displace people, is that of an indigenous woman. The Aymaran woman, traditionally dressed in pollera skirt and Derby hat, who pays in cash for luxurious properties in the affluent, white area of the Zona Sur, is a trope that has entered popular culture and political discourse. In this article, I explore the development of this cultural trope from its emergence in the 2009 film named after the area in question, Zona Sur, and subsequent uses of images of this film in social media to describe and resist political changes in the city as related to space, property and belonging. My contention is that the trope of the rich Aymaran woman, and the reversal of expected patterns of urban development that she represents, places the colonial, cultural and gendered dynamics that structure how capital shapes urban space, into sharp relief. The rich Aymaran woman who has made her money in informal commerce transgresses ideas of propriety and belonging in La Paz, and also received ideas about urban processes and gender in critical geographical literature.     

乌江流域土司时期文化环境审视

乌江流域土司时期的文化环境是该地社会进步、经济发展和民族团结的现实空间,地域特征极其鲜明。一是有深厚的人文积淀,二是强化的汉文化教育,三是开放的文化心态,四是丰富的物质资源,五是鲜明的民族风情,六是剧烈的社会动荡。笔者认为,理清乌江流域土司时期的文化环境,对挖掘该地深厚的土司文化资源,促进现今民族地区的经济发展、社会进步和民族团结具有十分重要的意义。     

Laughing at northernness: postcolonialism and metafictive irony in the imaginative geography

This paper examines the role played by literature in constructing regional otherness focusing on a case study of Northern Finland. In the case of the Finnish North the direct connections between literary tradition, cultural imaginativeness and spatial otherness have been distinctive. Literary stereotypes concerning northern exoticism and the romantics have formed an imaginary contrast with the southern culture, a homogeneous region without any contradictions, imagined by the southern culture in a manner that meets its own hegemonic needs. The defining of the North exclusively in terms of a binary opposition between nature and culture has implied a multidimensional exercise of power in which culture and civilization have justified their own existence by excluding their opposites. In this article northern literature is perceived as a ‘tool’ not only for constructing otherness but also for deconstructing and decolonizing it. Northern imagination is viewed from a metafictional perspective, and the focus is on how the postmodern northern irony is self-consciously concerned about its own social discursiveness, i.e. northern marginality. In the present case the metafictive approach also stands for a methodological possibility for geographers to view literary discourses of otherness more from above. Attention is focused on the eccentrically obtrusive northern artist Rosa Liksom, the pseudonym of a novelist/visual artist who has transformed her northern irony into an emancipatory project.     

基于旅华美国游客手绘认知地图的中国旅游目的地意象研究

手绘认知地图是典型的非结构化的研究方法,以旅游为主题的手绘认知地图能够深入的探索旅游者对目的地人、地方或事物所持有的意象,尤其在跨文化的研究中独具意义.本研究通过客流跟踪的调研方式,获得了我国八个主要入境旅游城市美国团队游客的手绘认知地图。在此资料基础上从空间认知元素和空间认知结构两方面对跨文化旅游者目的地意象进行了分析,并讨论了其相对于居民城市意象的共性和个性。最后,发现跨文化旅游者目的地意象认知元素因旅游主题性而超越了城市的一般物质形态,空间认知符号化特征显著,并且呈现出明显的尺度差异。