吐蕃的遗产,敦煌的缘分

Now let’s turn our attention to Dunhuang in the Hexi Corridor,the home of the Mogao Grottoes.What position does it hold in Tibetan history and culture?What does it reveal of the formation and development of the Chinese nation as a whole?The area around Dunhuang was called Sanwei in ancient times.     

青藏高原最早的新石器时代村落--昌都卡若遗址的考古发现

Along the eastern flank of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a range of lofty mountains.In a valley marked by the ceaseless flow of the Lancanjiang River is a prehistoric human settlement quietly observing the passage of time.Thousands of years have passed since the site was abandoned,and few know of its existence today.Indeed,it was only rediscovered in the 1970s,almost as if locals had to brush away the crusts on their eyes after a long night's sleep to even see it.Still,the event sent shockwaves throughout the archaeological field,and it is marked in history books as having been one of the most significant finds.     

青藏高原最早的新石器时代村落——昌都卡若遗址的考古发现（英文）

正Along the eastern flank of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a range of lofty mountains.In a valley marked by the ceaseless flow of the Lancanjiang River is a prehistoric human settlement quietly observing the passage of time.Thousands of years have passed since the site was abandoned,and few know of its existence today.Indeed,it was only rediscovered in the 1970s,almost as if locals had to brush away the crusts on their eyes after a long night's sleep to even see it.Still,the event sent shockwaves throughout the archaeological field,and it is marked in history books as having been one of the most significant finds.Today,they are known as the Neolithic     

A Grand Event for Cultural Circles──Publication Begins of the 40-volume King Gesar

King Gesar is a long epic created by the Tibetan people over aprolonged period of history. Given strenuous efforts to sing andperform it, the epic, unlike other ancient works of its type, is stillPerformed in the rural and pastoral areas in Tibet.The epic, unique to the Tibetan race, faithfully reflects the life of the ethnicgroup, social format, history, wisdom of the people, their aspirations and ideals,as well as the imagination and talents of the Tibetans.Obviously, King Gesar is a trea…     

Jiang Jin ed., Yuyue dazhong： minguo Shanghai nuxing wenhua jiedu （Performing Women in Republican Shanghai）

This handsome book is a fascinating addition to the growing literature on the history of women and popular culture of republican Shanghai. Richly illustrated, it contains twelve chapters written by both graduate students and established scholars such as Luo Suwen and Yah Ni, plus an extended introduction by the editor, Jiang Jin. These chapters cover an impressive array of popular cultural subjects, ranging from filmmaking and dance halls, to Yue and Huai operas, and the various ways in which women were involved in them.     

History,Culture, and Politics： On Historical Formation and Identity Dilemmas of ＂China＂

This lecture is concerned with some historical issues of ＂China,＂ ＂territory, culture＂ and ＂identity＂ that are placed against the background of politics, culture and scholarship in contemporary China. I want to draw attention to the question of how historians understand and interpret ＂China.＂ It addresses the following questions. First, where did the idea of ＂China＂ come from？ and how did it become a topic of scholarly research？ What kind of dilemmas does ＂China＂ confront in its current condition and historical interpretation？ Second, how do various new historical theories and methods in international academic circles enrich our understanding of ＂China＂？ Third, how does China＇s history and reality challenge the theories of ＂empire＂ and ＂nation-state＂？ Fourth, is it possible to write ＂East Asian history＂？ Does ＂national history＂ prove still effective in describing China or East Asia？     

Marsone, Pierre, The Steppe and the Empire: The Formation of the Khitan [Liao] dynasty-4th-10th Centuries [History]

Conventional treatments of Chinese history include a "Liao/Khitan dynasty" existing on the northern frontier from 907 to 1125,ruled by the ethnically distinctive Khitan (Qidan) people.As Pierre Marsone points out in the foreword to La Steppe et l'Empire,in many histories discussion of this polity is absent or perfunctory.Indeed the work to which Marsone's title alludes,the classic 1938 L'Empire des steppes by René Grousset,presented a comprehensive history of steppe empires yet spared only a few pages of its bulk for the Khitan state.Such neglect obstructs historians' understanding of long-term trends.The Chinese world had seen powerful empires with some degree of "foreignness" before,but this was a new kind of entity that proved immune to the accustomed methods of Chinese policy.Too powerful to play off against other states,with an administration too systematized to succumb to personal politics,the Liao/Khitan empire became such a fixation of Northern Song (960-1127) policymakers that the political history of the latter cannot be effectively told without frequent reference to the former,and it is no coincidence that the two Asian superpowers collapsed nearly simultaneously.In turn,the Liao/Khitan empire set the precedent for the stable hybrid bureaucratic states that were so important in later Chinese history.Marsone's work makes the valuable contribution of clarifying how this empire came into being.The resulting account is an invaluable corrective to dynastically delimited narratives in which the Liao empire appears in the tenth century as an abrupt and novel development,epitomizing the Great Man model of history in the form of its founder,Yelü Abaoji.     

Who Has the Rights to Talk About the Human——Rights of Tibetans

At present, Tibetan human rights are a hot topic amongst some people right around the world. On the face of it they sound plausible. But as a matter of fact, they have absolutely no idea of what “Old Tibet” （referring to the time before the peaceful liberation in 1951） was really like, how the Tibetan slaves/serfs lived in old Tibet and how they survived in an appalling lack of numan rights in those days.     

ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNIFIED STATE IN ANCIENT EGYPT

The annalist Manetho, a native Egyptian scholar-priest who lived in the 3^rd century BC during the reign of Ptolemy II （285-246 BC）, wrote a history of Egypt in Greek and divided the history of ancient Egypt into 30 （or 31） dynasties. He began with the unification of Egypt, making a Thinite king of Upper Egypt, whom he knows as Menes, the founder of the First Dynasty （ca.3100-2890 BC）. Menes is said to have built his capital at the junction of Upper and Lower Egypt, in a strategical key position. The new capital was called the ＂White Wall＂, it became later known as Memphis. There a great temple was built, dedicated to the god Ptah, who remained the patron deity of the city throughout its long history. Up to now no monuments of the First Dynasty have been found that would bear the name of Menes. Therefore, modem archaeologists hold that Menes should be identified with Narmer, the king whose relics have been unearthed at Hierakonpolis. Some scholars even doubt that Menes was a true historical figure, after all.     

万象小报：近代中国城市的文化、社会与政治

The Shanghai tabloid press has gained growing scholarly attention in the recent decade. Wanxiao xiaobao （All-Seeing Tabloid） is another major publication to deal with this fascinating form of popular print press that flourished in late Qing and Republican China. Earlier studies have explored the Shanghai tabloid press as a platform for popular literature （Li Nan 李楠, Wan Qing, Minguo shiqi Shanghai xiaobao yanjiu [A study of the Shanghai tabloid press in the late Qing and Republican period], Beijing： Renmin wenxue chubanshe, 2005）, as an important part of media history in modem China （Hong Yu 洪煜, Jindai Shanghai xiaobao yu shimin wenhua yanjiu, 1897-1937 [A study of the tabloid press and popular culture in modem Shanghai, 1897-1937], Shanghai： Shanghai shudian, 2007）, as a mirror of a flowering Shanghai-based entertainment culture （Catherine Yeh, ＂Shanghai Leisure, Print Entertainment, and the Tabloids, xiaobao,＂ in Rudolf G. Wagner, ed.,     

拉卜楞寺藏印考述(英文)

A seal is an historical witness,a symbol of power as well as an important cultural relic for the study of history.Seeing those seals made of various materials,it is very natural to wonder how Jamyang(vjamdbyangs)living Buddhas in past dynasties developed     

The Urban “Cultural Nexus of Power”： Intellectual Elites in Shanghai and Beijing, 1900-1937

In the decades before the full-scale war with Japan in 1937, a robust series of institutions connected the bourgeois with intellectuals （which included professionals and journalists, as well as academics） in Shanghai. Collectively, these institutions can be understood as forming an urban ＂cultural nexus of power＂ that allowed non-state actors to effectively control aspects of Shanghai＇s political life. This bourgeois-intellectual alliance was not inevitable; no similar bonds existed between these same two groups in Beijing. It was forged in Shanghai due to the city＇s unique historical position as a Treaty Port and its dynamic economy, which included an extensive structure of private higher education and a market-based publishing industry. Unlike the rural ＂cultural nexus of power＂ originally described by Prasenjit Duara, this urban nexus grew stronger during the political and economic changes of the early twentieth century. War and revolution in the 1930s and 1940s, however, destroyed the connections between the bourgeoisie and the intellectuals, ending the vibrant urban environment they had created.     

Through Tanggula

<正>This is the origin of three of the most famous rivers in China:the Yangtze River,River Lancangjiang and Nujiang. Here,the attempt by Genghis Khan to advance into the Indian subcontinent was thwarted and crushed. This is the gateway from Qinghai Province to Tibet and the natural boundary between the administrative regions of Qinghai and Tibet. This is also the highest point on four highways into Tibet:Sichuan-Tibet,Qinghai-Tibet,Yunnan-Tibet, and Xinjiang-Tibet,as well as the highest point on the highest railway in the world. It was more than 50 years ago that the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(China National Highway 109)was begun.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened in 2006.This was the most challenging section during the constructions(due to its high elevation). Between 1991 and 2009,I drove through Tanggula four times.     

SOVEREIGNTY AND COMMON DEVELOPMENT──Fourth National Conference on Work in Tibet

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council held their Fourth National Conference on Work in Tibet from June 25-27 in Beijing, when the whole nation was celebrating the 50th anniversary of the peaceful liberation of Tibet. The National Conference decided on efforts to achieve economic development and social stability to ensure faster socio-economic growth and a better life in Tibet. A review of the 50-year history shows that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have, f…     

The Guardian of Electric Supply

正Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, the electric power industry in the region has made leaps and bounds in progress and development.Such remarkable achievement is not common in world history, and with the aim to provide electricity to every single household in the Tibet Autonomous Region, a comprehensive information and telecommunications network was established between it and Qinghai and Sichuan Provinces. This triad of a network covering     

The Historical Evolution of American Policy Toward Tibet

Tibet is well known around the world today. The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is one of China's five ethnic minorities' autonomous regions. However, to some in the West, Tibet's political position seems open to dispute.It is obviously that no one can reach a proper understanding of this issue without consulting history. In ancient times, Tibet was a vague geographical concept to Western world, but it did witness competition between the great powers in modern times. Originally the so-called "Great Game" brought Russian and British monk-spies and, eventually, the British Indian army, into Lhasa. Then, during World War II, the US established the famous air transport     

Chinese Socialism as Vernacular Cosmopolitanism

This paper follows the life of an idea, a fundamental concept in modern Chinese intellectual life： socialism. It explores this idea as an alternative form of Chinese cosmopolitanism, drawing from Pheng Cheah＇s identification of two kinds of Chinese cosmopolitanism： mercantile and revolutionary. If part of what we mean by cosmopolitanism is the local use of an external, or international, or otherwise ＂independent＂ （relative to local power and practice） ideology or discourse to promote an agent＇s sense of social good at home and connection to the world, then the ways that socialist thought, ideology and praxis have been employed in China in the twentieth century constitute one such strain of cosmopolitanism. Shehuizhuyi （socialism） meant related but significantly different things to Chinese in the twentieth century. This essay argues that Chinese socialism can be viewed as a version of vernacular cosmopolitanism through two examples： Wang Shiwei in the 1940s and Deng Tuo in the 1960s, as well as the discourse of Pan-Asianism before and after the Mao era. Chinese socialism was as much a terrain of debate and contestation about what it means to be ＂Chinese and modern＂ as it was a shared vocabulary and set of aspirations. All along it has been able to play the role of cosmopolitan thought for some influential Chinese thinkers and doers--connecting China to the world in order to pursue universal values.     

生机勃勃的藏东南

It was not long ago that I took National Highways 318,212,and 317 to get to Nyingchi and Chamdo and conduct various interviews.The place is a mysterious land in the southeastern reaches of Tibet,and while I was there,I saw development and vitality everywhere as a result of the prosperity sweeping across the region.     

The Origin of “Chinese Philosophy”

Using the analysis of a single word to launch a conceptual review of (a problem in) cultural history, the Chinese term zhexue 哲學 (wisdom-learning, tetsugaku) is not simply a translation of the word “philosophy”; its inventor, Nishi Amane (1829–97), regarded it as the (Western) counterpart of Oriental learning (Tōyōgaku). The first explicit linkage of “philosophy” with “the East” was at The University of Tokyo, where it played an important role in the work of Katō Hiroyuki (1836–1913) and Inoue Tetsujirō (1855–1944). Inoue’s History of Oriental Philosophy, written under Katō’s inspiration, used Western philosophy to systematize ancient Chinese thought, and transformed “philosophy” (tetsugaku) from a learning of others, or Western learning, into an important component of the spiritual world of the East, and into a kind of universal knowledge. This was completely different from earlier lectures on “China philosophy” (shina tetsugaku) by Nakamura Masanao (1832–91) and Shimada Jūrei (1838–98) which still followed the Chinese underlying structure, and in the background, it had the intent of grasping the power to control East Asian discourse. In China, when young scholars like Wang Guowei (1877–1927) embraced philosophy, they already took its universality as a self-evident premise. This kind of alignment later evolved into a situation where it seemed entirely natural to use Western systems to interpret Chinese thought, and it also induced serious scholars to reflect. However, “Oriental philosophy” and “Chinese philosophy” provide East Asia and especially China with an opportunity to reevaluate its traditional culture. In this connection, “Chinese philosophy” includes: first, using philosophical concepts to re-provision ancient thought (the so-called history of Chinese philosophy); second, the occurrence of “philosophy” and “Chinese philosophy” and their evolution after their arrival in China; third, drawing on philosophy to enrich and develop China’s thinking. When seeking out “philosophy” in the veins and arteries of China’s history, the first and second aspects must be strictly distinguished. As to what the future may hold, the effect of the third aspect is most important.