苏联时期俄罗斯人的族际婚姻

苏联成立后,俄罗斯人和其他民族之间的通婚现象有了较大发展,并且具有非本土俄罗斯人与其他民族通婚的比本土多、俄罗斯族女性与其他民族通婚的比男性多、族际婚姻的稳固性程度不高、混合家庭的后代一般选择俄罗斯族为其族属等主要特点。俄罗斯人的族际婚姻不仅扩大了俄罗斯民族语言和文化在其他民族中的传播,也促进了俄罗斯民族文化的多样性发展。     

略论中亚突厥系民族对成吉思汗的尊崇

本文从人类学的视角考察了14世纪以来中亚突厥系民族尊崇成吉思汗的种种表现,指出成吉思汗崇拜在中亚是一种超民族、超语言、超宗教的涵盖了从政治领域到民间文化各层面的精神信仰,并阐释了这种崇拜长期存在的原因。     

中亚的地缘政治--历史和现实

一个多世纪以来 ,中亚的地缘政治格局和作用不断发生变化 ,并在不同时期以不同的方式影响着中国。“9·11”事件之后 ,中亚的地缘政治形势变得更加复杂 ,大国的、区域的、国际的利益交织在一起 ,成为全球关注的热点。阿富汗反恐战争的结束为中亚国家提供了国际合作的新通道 ,尽管中亚在国际地缘政治格局中的作用将越来越重要 ,但它不会成为新的地缘政治“核心地区”。     

俄罗斯学者关于尼夫赫人的研究历程

尼夫赫人属于生活在黑龙江下游和萨哈林地区的古亚细亚族。随着俄国对东北亚地区土地的占领和统治的确立,俄国学者对尼夫赫人的民族调查与研究亦随之展开,本文概述了尼夫赫人的历史并介绍了沙俄、苏联和俄罗斯时期俄国学者关于尼夫赫人研究的成果。     

俄罗斯学者关于乌德盖人的研究历程

乌德盖人和我国境内的满族同根同源,是俄罗斯远东地区土著小民族,分布在乌苏里江以东锡霍特山脉两麓滨海边疆区和哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区。乌德盖语属满-通古斯语族满语支。俄罗斯学者对乌德盖人的历史与文化研究有150余年的历程,硕果颇丰,本文将其研究过程分两个阶段加以介绍,以期有助于我国东北少数民族问题的研究。     

俄罗斯学者关于科里亚克人历史文化的研究历程

科里亚克人(коряги)属古亚洲族,是俄罗斯堪察加地区的土著居民,与通古斯族长期紧邻而居,是研究通古斯族的民族交往,文化传播的首要对象.科里亚克语与楚科奇语、伊杰里门语同属古亚细亚语族.据2002年全俄人口普查,其人口数为8743人.[1]目前中国学界对该民族知之甚少,研究工作远远不足.本文通过译介俄罗斯学者关于科里亚克人的研究成果,以期对中国民族学研究有所帮助和贡献.     

漠北回鹘汗国境内的粟特人——以粟特人与回鹘互动关系为中心

744年回纥汗国代突厥第二汗国而兴,标志着漠北地区进入回纥/回鹘化进程。漠北回鹘汗国境内的粟特人与回鹘,在政治、经济、宗教等领域呈现频繁互动乃至深度融合,推动了回鹘族群的熔铸和成型,北方草原文明也推进到以尊奉摩尼教为突出特点的回鹘文明时代。但是,粟特在与回鹘的互动、融合过程中,亦时有不谐与矛盾,回鹘内政的动荡和对外(唐)关系的紧张以及漠北回鹘汗国的败亡,其辖境内的粟特人也难辞其咎。     

俄罗斯人的生活细节

<正>在俄罗斯工作、生活的12年中,有许多俄罗斯人的衣、食、住、行生活"小事",给我留下深刻的印象,这些不起眼的"小事",折射出俄罗斯人文明底蕴的深度。作为异国旅游文化记忆"花丛"中的几朵,我掬起它与读者仔     

俄罗斯学者关于埃文人的历史文化研究历程

埃文人是俄罗斯西伯利亚东部和远东地区的少数民族,属通古斯语族北支部分.随着俄国对东北亚地区土地的占领和统治的进程,俄国学者对埃文人的考察与研究也随之展开,本文概述了沙俄、苏联和俄罗斯时期学者的考察与研究工作,并介绍了埃文人历史文化的主要特点.     

抗战期间一个到过贵州的俄罗斯人——忆斯莫夫先生

1939年,我在国民党炮兵55团部任军需。南京沦陷后,日寇向我国内地步步进逼,炮兵55团从前线撤下来后调到乌江北岸驻防修整,团部设在遵义团溪。当时抗战进入最艰苦的阶段,我国在很有限的外力支援下实际上是独立抵御日寇的侵略,战场之神的大炮的装备并不精良,分别是美国、德国、俄国的旧式火炮。我到团部不久,见到一位50来岁,     

The Aral Sea Basin Crisis: Transition and Environment in Former Soviet Central Asia

The haunting picture of a disappearing Aral Sea is just part of an overall environmental crisis in the Aral Sea Basin, where millions of people are dependent on agricultural production around the flows of two main rivers, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya. Forced cotton cultivation in the former Soviet Union, in the context of inefficient agricultural organization and production, caused water mismanagement, salinization, water and soil contamination, erosion and the desiccation of the Aral Sea. In the post-Soviet era of ‘transition’, the governments of the Central Asian states and international donors have tried to mitigate the impact of the crisis and contain its scope. Resource-based tensions in the region reflect national (and sometimes ethnic) interests vested in the crucial agricultural sectors that provide foreign exchange and food. Although the Central Asian governments are gradually formulating regional water, land and salt management strategies, the room for manoeuvre that exists to implement policies which would immediately improve the environment, such as efficient water management and sustainable land use, is not being sufficiently utilized.     

Landscape and Environment: Insights from the Prehispanic Central Andes

Attention to human–environment relationships in the central Andes has a long history. Although the area is not a neat microcosm of the globe, wholly representative of worldwide trends in the archaeology of human–environment interactions, it has been the site of both seminal investigations in archaeology and a substantial body of recent work that investigates themes of broad archaeological relevance. Specifically, central Andean environments have been variously conceived as structuring, modified, and sacred. These approaches to some extent reflect broad trends in archaeology, while also suggesting directions in which the archaeology of human–environment interactions is moving and highlighting archaeology’s relevance to discussions of contemporary human–environment interactions. This article characterizes concepts that are key for describing central Andean environments and considers the ways in which the particular ecology of the central Andes has informed archaeological research in the region. The example of the central Andes highlights the importance of understanding environments as dynamic, considering both geomorphic and anthropogenic contributors to that dynamism, and examining both ecological (“environment”) and ideological (“landscape”) implications of archaeological landscapes.     

主角与配角的悖谬——现代文学中俄侨主、配角形象管窥

俄侨是中国历史进程中存在的一个特殊群体，中国现代文学中存在着大量的俄侨形象。其中，现代作家们着意塑造和刻画的作为主角的俄侨形象，都无论如何不能逃脱痛苦悲惨的命运；而作为配角和背景出现的俄侨形象，则不但拥有幸福美好生活，甚至令中国人无比羡慕。探寻痛苦的主角与幸福的配角产生的原因，会发现在俄侨题材创作的背后隐藏着作家们对社会功利目的和自身心理平衡的寻求。     

The Traditional Arab House in the Eastern Mediterranean and its Adaptation to the Mediterranean Climate

This study examines the climate‐related methods of adaptation on which the traditional Arab house in the Eastern Mediterranean was based. We analysed nine old houses (from the 18th century to the early 20th century), built in the Arab vernacular tradition style, in three areas of Israel with different climatic conditions. Three houses in each area were chosen at random. Only nine were chosen because of the difficulty in finding houses whose state of preservation was in keeping with the aims of the research. For each house, climate‐related elements of the construction were documented. We found elements included at the design stage indicating climate consciousness, climate‐related elements due to building constraints, and building constraints in a cultural context with implications for the balance of climatic efficiency. The findings showed that climatic considerations were an integral part of the design while the principles crossed the boundaries of the three areas. Temperature, relative humidity, and heat intensity were measured, both inside and outside the house on selected days in each season. The research showed that the house moderates the impact of the outside temperature, inside the house in winter and mainly during the hot hours of the day in summer. Most of the climate‐related elements are still relevant. They can be used in regions with Mediterranean‐type climates (in the Mediterranean Basin, South Africa, central Chile, and southwestern Australia), especially when global warming and air pollution demand a substantial revolution of building design philosophies, strategies, technologies, and management methods.     

The Influence of the Ethnic Composition of Australian Federal Electorates on the Parliamentary Responsiveness of MPs to their Ethnic Sub-constituencies

This paper examines the parliamentary responsiveness of Australian MPs with respect to their ethnic constituents in the official arena of representation, the federal parliament. It first reviews the notion of representation and discusses the twofold influence that ethnicity may exert on the representational behaviour of elected representatives: the ethnicity of the electorate and the ethnicity of the elected representative. It then presents and discusses the results of a content analysis of the parliamentary interventions of MPs from 12 ethnic electorates and 10 non-ethnic electorates between 1983 and 1996. On the basis of this analysis, two indexes were constructed, the ethnic reference ratio and the ethnic distance ratio in order to compare the responsiveness of MPs to their ethnic constituents. The findings suggest that the ethnicity of the electorate does have an influence on ethnic responsiveness in absolute terms but less so in relative terms. In other words, MPs from ethnic electorates generally make more ethnic-related interventions than MPs from non-ethnic electorates, but not as much as the proportion of ethnic constituents in these electorates would suggest they should make. The ethnicity of the electorate also influences the types of ethnic issues MPs make, with those from ethnic seats more likely to make constituency-related issues. The marginality of the seat, especially in ethnic electorates, rather than the political party to which the representative belongs, would appear to have a bigger influence on the degree and type of responsiveness. Finally, the ethnicity of the MP does have an influence in both the degree and type of ethnic responsiveness.     

The Effort to Reverse Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina: The Limits of Returns

Two American-based geographers examine the international community's efforts to reverse ethnic cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina since the end of the war in 1995. The paper, based on extensive field work and semi-structured interviews, first examines the geography of the nearly one million refugees and internally displaced persons who have returned to their pre-war domiciles in Bosnia-Herzegovina. They then identify and discuss limits to the reversal of ethnic cleansing imposed by demographic, institutional, geopolitical, and economic factors. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: I31, O15, O19. 7 figures, 1 table, 60 references.