Shells vs Armour: Material Factors of the Battle of Tsushima in the works of Russian Memoirists and Historians

The article contains a comparative analysis of Russian memoirists and historians` points of view on the material factors, including the so-called ‘shell-problem’, of the Battle of Tsushima. Pre-revolutionary and Soviet authors were inclined to exaggerate the role of technical deficiencies of Russian warships. Under the influence of new evidence, contemporary Russian historians reconsidered most of the traditional conceptions.     

Determination of Shear Strength of Masonry Panels Through Different Tests

This study addresses the problem of evaluation of strength of masonry walls. In-plane behavior of masonry panels has been studied under monotonic diagonal-compression and shear-compression loading in quasi-static test facility. The results of 35 laboratory and in situ tests are analyzed to show that in the case of the diagonal compression test results are lower than the strength of masonry walls evaluated trough the shear-compression test, highlighting the problem of choosing the test which best simulates to the real behavior of the masonry when stressed by lateral loads. A presentation is also given of the results of a F.E. investigation for shear strength evaluation of masonry walls. F.E. modeling non-linear procedure was used for the representation of masonry panels. The numerical simulations are compared with experimental results and the reliability of the different finite element models is discussed, thus confirming the different shear strength values measured in the experimental campaign.     

At the Transition from Late Medieval to Early Modern: the Archaeology of Three Wrecks from Turkey

During surveys in the Rhodian Straits in 2005–06, the staff of the RPM Nautical Foundation discovered three deepwater wrecks which reflect elements of the transition from late medieval to early modern seafaring. The assemblages, and their plotting on site‐plans generated from photographic evidence, point to the finding of a small oared warship equipped with wrought‐iron carriage‐ and swivel‐guns, a small coasting vessel armed with wrought‐iron swivel‐guns, and a larger merchantman equipped with cast‐iron carriage‐guns. While the features of the smaller vessels do not identify their country of origin, those of the larger merchantman have good parallels with known English wrecks. © 2009 The Authors     

对青海省城市化的经济学思考--以小城镇建设为例

对城市化的研究涉及到多个学科.本文依据城市化的基本要求和基本规律,从经济学的视角对青海省城市化发展过程中的小城镇建设问题进行分析和探索.     

Baseline Models for Two‐Mode Social Network Data

Baseline models have been used in the analysis of social networks as a way to understand how empirical networks differ from “random” ones. For the purposes of social network analysis, a “random” network is one chosen—at random—from a population of possible graphs derived from a given generating function. Although these principled hypothesis tests have a long history, many of their properties and extensions to multiple data structures—here, specifically two‐mode data—have been overlooked. This article focused on applications of different baseline models to two data sets: donations and voting of the 111th U.S. Congress, and organizations involved in forums on watershed policy in San Francisco, USA. Tests using each data set, but with different baseline reference distributions, will illustrate the range of possible questions baseline models can address and the differences between them. The ability to apply different models and generate a constellation of results provides a deeper understanding of the structure of the system.     

Teaching Historical Research Skills to Undergraduates: Thoughts on Microcomputers and the Classroom

Abstract. In a classic article written in 1994, Robert Fogel assumed that the distribution of calories per head is log normal and that the variance of income per head is greater than the variance of calories per head. Using these assumptions, Fogel was able to conclude that approximately 50 percent of the economic growth since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution is due to changes in nutrition. The author tests those two assumptions with the 1888 cost of living survey (U.S. Department of Labor 1890). Although he finds that the variance of income is greater than the variance of calories per head, distributional tests reveal that the distribution of calories per head is not log normal. In particular, the calorie distribution is skewed to the left, and the tails of the distribution are thicker than those of a log-normal distribution. Graphical tests, however, show that the log-normal assumption is appropriate, and departures from log normality are quite modest. Kernel density estimates further confirm that the distribution of calories per head is approximately log normal. Given the nature of the departures from log normality, Fogel's calculations may understate the role that nutrition has played in economic growth.     

刍议中小企业的人力资源培训

企业间竞争的核心是人才的竞争。随着企业组织的网络化、扁平化、多元化,企业的人力资源管理也必将在管理目标、管理理念和管理方式等方面发生新的变化,尤其是人力资源的培训将是中小企业增强竞争力的重要途径。因此,建立完善的企业培训制度,确定科学的培训和考核方法,对中小企业来说是十分重要的。     

嵌入、认同、责任：地方社区中的旅游小企业

围绕旅游小企业根植于地方社区的社会理性本质,本文借助嵌入理论探讨旅游小企业经济活动背后社会责任行为的成因。研究发现：①旅游小企业主的地方认同对企业社会责任行为有着显著的正向影响;②旅游小企业主的社区嵌入对地方认同有着显著的正向影响;③旅游小企业主的地方认同在社区嵌入对企业社会责任影响中扮演着显著的中介作用;④旅游小企业主的地方身份特征在社区嵌入对地方认同的影响中起着显著的调节作用,社区嵌入中获得更多社会资源的外来小企业主比本地小企业主对地方认同的影响更强。本文揭示了旅游小企业社会责任的地方空间特征,形成了地理学人—地关系研究的新方向,并为社区嵌入管理和商业环境塑造等工作提供了实践启示和建议。     

晚清上海德安押当票探析

现存于安徽档案馆和南京大学历史系的清末上海德安押当票是现今留存下来极为少见的典当业当票之一,对于典当业的研究有着特别的意义。它真实地记录了押票及当票的格式和内容,能够清晰地反映出典当业类型之一的押业经营特点,同时也能说明典当业的经营状况及其与特定时空下的社会经济的互动关系。     

REPEATABLE DYNAMIC RELEASE TESTS ON A BASE-ISOLATED BUILDING

The main activities and the relevant results of an experimental program aimed at evaluating the dynamic characteristics of a large seismically isolated building are described. The building is situated in Potenza (Italy) and is the largest of five seismically isolated blocks of the University of Basilicata. Cyclic shear tests on scaled isolators and some small amplitude free vibration tests were preliminarily carried out. The latter ones were aimed at getting a preliminary linear characterisation of the structure. Finally, many in situ release tests on the isolated structure were carried out, using a mechanical device purposely designed to statically move the building and then suddenly release it, thus making it vibrate freely. The variations of the dynamic characteristics of the system while the oscillation amplitude decreases have been evaluated by using the “Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT)”. The results were elaborated in terms of stiffness and equivalent damping and compared to the results of the laboratory tests on scaled isolators, finding an excellent agreement.     

滚珠式文物展柜隔震装置性能试验

为有效减小馆藏浮放文物的震害,研制了一款滚珠式文物展柜水平隔震装置。制作了2个文物展柜模型,并在各模型内浮放文物仿品。分别考虑文物展柜底部安装隔震装置、展柜底部浮放地面,进行了振动台对比试验,检测了隔震装置的效果。结果表明:与非隔震条件相比,隔震体系的基频减小,阻尼比增大;地震作用下,隔震体系中的文物仿品产生的位移、加速度峰值明显减小。但是隔震条件下,文物仿品的动力放大系数仍有大于1的情况,且隔震装置的复位能力尚需提高。建议对隔震装置采取的改进措施主要适当减小基频、增大阻尼比、提高加工精度等。     

欠发达地区搭建中小企业融资平台的新模式——以海西州德令哈市为例

经济欠发达地区实现跨越式发展,一个迫切的任务是必须切实解决中小企业融资困难的问题。近几年,德令哈市政府从本地实际出发,积极搭建中小企业融资平台,激活了融资市场,探索出一条欠发达地区应对中小企业贷款困难的新路子,促进了中小企业健康快速发展,进而有力地推动了地方经济的发展。     

馆藏浮放陶瓷文物地震摇晃响应振动台试验

为保护可移动文物,采取试验方法研究了地震作用下馆藏浮放文物的摇晃响应.以故宫某展柜为原型,制作了1∶1比例的模型,并在展柜内放置了一陶瓷文物,进行了振动台试验.通过白噪声激励,获得了展柜的基频;通过输入不同类型、不同强度的地震波,研究了展柜和文物的地震响应;通过数值模拟,从理论上对模型地震响应进行了进一步论证.结果表明:对展柜而言,其基频在29～35 Hz之间,与地震波卓越频率相差较大,因而在地震作用下摇晃不明显;对文物而言,在地震波强度较小时能保持稳定振动状态,而在地震波强度较大时,文物容易产生明显摇晃并导致倾覆.此外,数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果吻合,证明了试验方法的有效性.在实际工程中,对高宽比较大的文物,应采取适当的加固措施,以减轻其摇晃震害.