从西北汉简看两汉河西边郡地区物价

本文主要参考西北地区所出居延汉简、居延新简、敦煌汉简等资料,对两汉时期河西边郡地区的土地、粮食、肉食、马牛、布帛、衣物等多种物品的价格作了较为详尽的梳理,初步理清了这一时期物价波动的大致情况,以期对研究两汉经济史具有一些参考价值。     

从居延汉简看汉代居延绿洲的开发

历史上,居延地区是一片天然绿洲。汉武帝时期,发兵进攻匈奴大获全胜,遂攻占了河西地区,并先后设置武威、酒泉、张掖、敦煌四郡。汉朝在居延设都尉府,归张掖太守管辖。自此,汉政府行政建制对居延地区进行行之有效的管理。本文主要就居延出土汉简对汉代居延绿洲的开发情况作一论述。     

试说张家山汉简《具律》中的“证不言请”律

本文以张家山汉简《具律》的记载为基础,结合云梦秦简、居延汉简、敦煌汉简(包括悬泉汉简)以及唐律中的相关记载,认为“证不言请(情)”律是汉代《具律》中一条应用非常广泛的律文,并廓清了“满三日而证不言请”、“反坐”与“证不言请”的应用等问题,从而揭示了张家山汉简的发现对于汉律研究的重要意义。     

浅谈河西汉简和敦煌变文的渊源关系

上世纪初在敦煌汉简中发现的“田章简”,早已引起学界关注。近一个世纪来,不仅对该简的释读更为科学准确,而且在上世纪70年代和最近几年,又在居延地区发现了“田章简”和与之相关的《晏子春秋》佚文。本文在前人研究的基础上,结合新旧出土汉简,对简文内容的源流进行了考察。认为：敦煌变文中的有关故事可以在汉简中找到源头,而汉简中的这些记载又可追溯至《晏子春秋》或更早的历史故实,它们有着一脉相承而绵延不绝的传承关系。     

“肩水”小考

"肩水"一词在居延地区出土的汉简中比较常见,但是其具体含义一直不为人所知。本文在参考该地区地理特点和历史背景的前提下,通过对居延汉简中相关记载的深入分析,得出了"肩水"就是汉代居延地区居民对古弱水的称呼这一结论。并在此基础上,对《"居延泽"即"碱泽"说》一文作了一些必要的补充。     

汉简所见社与社祭

社与社祭是汉代人生活的重要内容之一,传世文献有零星的记载。上世纪以来西北出土的汉简中保留了一些资料,十分珍贵。本文根据居延、敦煌汉简中的社与社祭资料,对汉代屯戍组织中社的设立、社祭时间、主祭人员、仪式、社祭用品、社事费用的筹集方式,以及此类社的性质等问题,逐一做了考证。     

边地汉简医方补录

近一百年来大批简帛出土,极大丰富了中国社会早期历史的研究内容,其中出土简帛如《居延汉简》、《敦煌汉简》、《居延新简》、《武威汉代医简》、安徽阜阳汉简《万物》、马王堆帛书、周家台秦简等均有数量不等的早期医学资料发现,其风格迥然,有的是当时医生为士卒治病所开列的药方,有的则为专门抄录以备急用的医方或医书,于当时医药之临床使用、医学理论等情况反映十分详实,为当时实录,对于研究秦汉时期甚至更早的医学发展展状况来说十分宝贵。这里,     

楚汉简牍所见“中舍”考

本文主要结合传世文献记载,对上博楚简,包山楚简,金村八墓战国秦国银器铭,敦煌、居延汉简中与＂中舍＂相关诸词进行综合分析后认为,＂中舍＂一词在各个时期不但写法有别,而且具体含义亦不相同。上博楚简中＂中余＂为楚王侍御之官;包山楚简中＂中舒＂为掌官府财物出入之官;金村八墓战国秦国银器铭中＂中舍＂为秦国制造工官;汉简中＂中舍＂既指＂从者＂,又指＂从者＂居住之所。     

由汉简"方"与"幡"看汉代边卒的文化学习

汉简中关于“方”与“幡”的记载颇多。据《居延汉简释文合校》(以下简称《合校》)和《居延新简》中所收录的简文有如下列：     

居延汉简及其研究概述

居延地区泛指甘肃省金塔县和内蒙古自治区额济纳旗境内的黑河流域,考古资料证明,居延地区是中华文明的发祥地之一。该地区发现了大量的汉简,这些史料都与西汉武帝开发河西四郡、反匈奴、通西域等重大决策有关,堪称汉代档案库。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.