Pit Structure Abandonment in the Four Corners Region of the American Southwest: Late Basketmaker III and Pueblo I Periods

Abstract

Anasazi pit structures dating to the Basketmaker III and Pueblo I periods (ca. A.C. 500 to 900) in the Four Corners region of the American Southwest experienced a variety of different processes at abandonment, ranging from dismantling the superstructure to intentional burning. Data from 88 pit structures are used to examine the relationship between these processes and the causes of pit structure abandonment. Results suggest that burning was not usually the result of catastrophic events, such as accident or warfare, but may be part of ritual activities or even a response to insect infestation. The incidence of burning does not seem to increase over time as a result of the postulated transition of pit structures from domestic to ceremonial uses. Dismantled and trash-filled pit structures suggest that new dwellings were often constructed near abandoned ones, perhaps because the old structure was deteriorating. A few pit structures with human bodies on the floor at the time of abandonment may signal the desertion of the entire settlement.     

The Four Roman Ways

This paper reviews the origins, chronology, and changing circulation pattern of the potin coinage of Iron Age Britain. Archaeological evidence suggests that British potins were made in north Kent from the later second century to the late first century B.C. although potins continued in circulation after this. They were the first indigenous coinage, apparently copying cast central Gaulish imitations of the struck bronze coinage of Massalia, and possibly originated in the Medway area. Initially, potins circulated alongside the imported Gallo-Belgic gold coinages and, like them, were probably used as a form of primitive valuable, but in the mid-later first century, their circulation pattern and Junction changed, becoming closely associated with a network of major sites spanning both sides of the Thames estuary and with the later Iron Age developments which accompanied this, notably the elaboration of the well-known ‘Aylesford Complex’. Appendixes list stratified coins and sites with potin finds.     

“四个发展”的内涵与特征

跨跃发展、绿色发展、和谐发展和统筹发展是中共青海省委十一届六次全会上提出的,具有青海特点的科学发展模式。本文在科学表述“四个发展”之内涵与特征的基础上指出,“四个发展”的提出,对于探索欠发达地区实践发展观的成功之路,建设富裕文明和谐新青海均具有重要意义。     

The Four Good Dissenters in Pollock

The overall theme of this lecture series is great dissenters. This contribution to the series is on the dissenters in the 1895 case of Pollock v. Farmers' Trust & Loan Co. In Pollock, the Supreme Court decided, by a vote of 5–4, that the 1894 federal income tax was unconstitutional. The four dissenters—Justice Henry Brown of Michigan, Justice John Marshall Harlan of Kentucky, Justice Howell Jackson of Tennessee, and future Chief Justice Edward D. White—would have upheld the tax.     

实现了本所几代人的夙愿

中国社会科学院近代史研究所组织编撰的《中国近代通史》近期已由江苏人民出版社出版。全书共10卷,约550万字,各卷名称如下:第1卷《近代中国历史进程概说》,第2卷《近代中国的开端(1840—1864)》,第3卷《早期现代化的尝试(1865—1895)》,第4卷《从戊戌维新到义和团(1895—1900)》,第5卷《新政、立宪与辛亥革命(1901—1912)》,第6卷《民国的初建(1912—1923)》,第7卷《国共合作与国民革命(1924—1927)》,第8卷《内战与危机(1927—1937)》,第9卷《抗日战争(1937—1945)》,第10卷《中国命运的决战(1945—1949)》。本书的出版,完成了近代史研究所几代人的夙愿。对于1840—1949年完整的中国近代史来说,本书的撰写还是一个尝试。本刊特别约请我国近代史学界几位著名学者通过笔谈的形式发表看法,以期引起关注和讨论。     

关于粉碎“四人帮”的斗争

毛主席生前就宣布王、张、江、姚等人是“四人帮”,并指示“要注意江青他们有篡党夺权的野心” ,为粉碎“四人帮”奠定了重要的基础。毛主席逝世后 ,种种迹象表明“四人帮”篡党夺权的行动已经是箭在弦上 ,华国锋的处境很困难。中央政治局执行党和人民的意志 ,经过精心安排和周密部署 ,顺利地一举粉碎了“四人帮”这个恶贯满盈的反革命集团。     

牵动人心的巴水河

我的故乡坐落在青海同德县西面一片叫作巴沟的农耕乡域。那里没有名山大川,也没有名胜古迹,除了急流的黄河和尕连峡＂宗日文化＂的出土和挖掘之外,就没有什么值得炫耀的东西了。     

黄河从门前流过

祖辈把家安在这片黄土高坡。 我出生的时候,黄河已经从我家门前流过。 我饮着她的水长大,那是没有漂白散发着黄土气息的水呀,我终于长成黄土高原上一个真正的男子汉。流动的黄河水,是我的血肉之躯呵。     

渤海上京城考古的四个阶段

主要概括了渤海上京城自20世纪30年代至21世纪初的70年考古工作,将其划为四个不同阶段,并总结了各阶段工作概况、新发现和意义,同时,指出了各阶段的局限、特别是日本人盗掘中的草率行为和误识.其次简要回顾了对上京城的发现和认定研究过程,充分肯定了近年来对上京城主体格局及建筑渊源、序列研究的重大成果.     

白釉莲瓣纹四系罐

1972年,河南省安阳市洪河屯村发现了一座北齐墓,根据出土墓志得知,墓主人名叫范粹,是北齐武平六年的一位骠骑大将军,有身份、有地位,因此,死后墓内有大量随葬品。尤其是瓷器六件,其中五件是我国目前发现最早的有可靠纪年的白瓷。白釉莲瓣纹四系罐同墓出土有两件,另白釉绿彩三系罐两件,白釉绿彩长颈瓶一件。     

“清江四案”“白银案”之前后

锦屏本地苗族木商向政府状告外省木商使用冲铅银两假币的诉讼案件。收集到的两件状词,一是道光七年（1827）由李荣魁带头起诉到贵州布政使司批转黎平府的公文,又由黎平府作出处理公告;另件是光绪十三年（1887）姜名卿等向黎平府递交的状纸。两起案件相隔60年,因为假银泛滥、受害深重后才产生诉讼,政府行文禁止后,仍禁而不止,所以少数民族的木商、林农和从事木材运输的农民工,受假银之害至少在80年以上。但从外省木商之滥用假币,折射出清水江木业之兴旺。     

The Dynamic Brain Drain of Entrepreneurs in Peripheral Regions

Using a theoretical model, this paper analyses the evolution of gaps in entrepreneurial activity between the core regions of a country and the periphery. Using data from Israel, the results of the model indicate that endogenous decisions made by entrepreneurs increase the gap in entrepreneurship between the regions, creating a dynamic in which the gap grows continuously. When the model allows for movement between the regions, we find that the most talented entrepreneurs migrate from the periphery to the core region, leading to a brain drain of entrepreneurs from the periphery. Implications of the findings and recommendations based on them are also discussed. The paper contributes to the existing literature by analysing entrepreneurs as individuals, not as one unified group. Doing so facilitates a better understanding of the dynamic process that contributes to the growing gaps between core regions and the periphery.