改革开放以来芜湖市城市空间扩展及驱动力分析

以landsat MSS/TM/ETM+遥感影像为数据源,借助Arc GIS平台,选取城市空间扩展速度、扩展强度、紧凑度、分形维数、重心坐标、扩展弹性系数等指标,运用空间形态分析、叠加分析、等扇分析等方法,分析了改革开放以来芜湖市城市空间扩展时空特征,结合统计数据探究了扩展驱动力。结果表明:1979-2012年间,芜湖市城市空间扩展速度与强度具有较大波动性;人口增长与城市空间扩展的关系渐趋合理;城市空间形态由紧凑型向分散型转变;城市空间沿长江及主要交通线非均衡拓展;城市重心东偏北移;经济、人口、交通建设等是芜湖市空间扩展的主要驱动力。     

基于UGIS的广州城市行政区空间特征分析

以1∶400万珠江三角洲行政地图为研究底图,依据城市地理信息系统(UGIS)空间量算理论,运用遥感图象处理软件erdas8.5对行政图作配准处理后并在地理信息系统(GIS)应用软件arcgis9.0下数字化成图,同时,选取伸延率、形状比、紧凑度、紧凑度指数和标准面积指数五项能够反映城市空间形态特征的指标对广州城市行政区空间作了面状目标空间量算。结果表明,该城市内部空间的离散度和破碎度较大,南北方向带状延伸明显,两端的联系不便捷,不利于空间的利用与协调,而且广州城市的地形、地势特征以及区域城市交通网络布局与人口密度的分布趋势也揭示出广州城市空间扩展与布局外向性特征日益明显,正依托广深、广珠两条交通线与周边佛山、东莞等城市进行合作以构建新城市区和功能区,"大广州"区域城市逐步形成。     

改革开放以来广佛都市区空间扩展分析

利用遥感和GIS技术对改革开放以来广佛都市区的空间扩展情况进行分析,从1982年的地形图、1995和2008年的遥感影像中提取城镇建设用地和路网数据,从扩展强度、方式和效率等方面对其扩展情况进行定性定量的测度分析,发现:其建设用地具有扩展强度大、速度快的特点,但土地利用方式不甚合理,具有一定的低度不连续开发现象和较显著的道路沿线开发特征;扩展效率不高,新增用地的集约化程度、人口承载力度和经济产出水平均低于原有用地水平。这种高速、低效和无序的扩展特征表明其快速发展存在蔓延倾向。     

1990年以来兰州市的城市空间扩展研究

在GIS技术支持下,根据兰州市1990年、1995年和2000年的土地利用现状图,以及2004年的卫星影像图,提取了1990年以来兰州市的城市空间扩展信息,并利用年均扩展指数(AGI),分析了兰州市1990-1995年、1995-2000年和2000-2004年三个研究时段城市空间扩展变化的空间分异特征。研究表明:1990-1995年处于快速扩展期,1995-2000年处于缓慢扩展期,2000-2004年处于高速扩展期。城市空间扩展主要发生在城关区和安宁区,主要表现为圈层式扩展与内部填充式两种过程。最后,探讨了兰州市空间扩展机制,重点采用相关分析法分析了兰州市空间扩展的主要影响因素。     

丝绸之路系列申报世界遗产国际协商会在西安召开

6月2日～5日．丝绸之路系列申报世界遗产国际协商会议在中国西安召开．这是继在中国新疆吐鲁番、乌兹别克斯坦撒马尔汗、塔吉克斯坦杜尚别召开丝绸之路中亚五国——哈萨克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦和中国跨国系列申报世界遗产国际协调会之后的第四次国际协商会议。     

大连市建成区土地利用时空演变与动力机制分析

借助ENVI和GIS技术对大连市1990年以来遥感影像资料及空间数据进行统计分析,研究其建成区扩张的时空演变及动力机制。研究结果表明,近20年来,大连市区建设用地扩张1.34倍,以东北为主要拓展方向。1990-1995年扩张速度和扩张贡献率最大,城市空间不规则扩张;1995-2005年城市以填充式发展为主,边界逐渐规则;2005年以来进入了新一轮的建设用地扩张时期。人口增长和经济发展对建设用地扩张的驱动作用趋于弱化,政府决策行为成为主要影响因素,尤其是金州区与新城区(开发区)的建立与发展对大连市区建设用地扩张有明显的牵引和带动作用。     

大庆市建设用地变化及城市扩展研究

大庆作为典型资源型城市,其工业化和城镇化的步伐明显加快,建设用地不足己成为制约城市发展的障碍因素。利用1988、1996、2001年的多源卫星遥感影像及遥感专题信息提取技术,结合统计数据,分析了大庆市近10多年来建设用地变化和城区扩展的特征,并初步探讨了引起这种变化的原因。最后得出：建设用地快速增长;城市扩展方向以301国道为基准呈西北东南方向延伸;土地利用结构有待改善,土地利用效益有待提高。     

大庆市建设用地变化及城市扩展研究

大庆作为典型资源型城市,其工业化和城镇化的步伐明显加快,建设用地不足已成为制约城市发展的障碍因素。利用1988﹑1996﹑2001年的多源卫星遥感影像及遥感专题信息提取技术,结合统计数据,分析了大庆市近10多年来建设用地变化和城区扩展的特征,并初步探讨了引起这种变化的原因。最后得出:建设用地快速增长;城市扩展方向以301国道为基准呈西北东南方向延伸;土地利用结构有待改善,土地利用效益有待提高。     

城市紧凑度对中国城市创新的影响

城市空间特征与创新的关系是创新地理的重要研究议题.论文构建了城市紧凑度与城市创新的理论分析框架,提出研究假设,并选取中国地级及以上城市作为研究空间单元,从密度、土地混合利用、街道连通性和交通通达性四个方面构建了城市紧凑度指数,对2010年中国城市紧凑度进行了评价,分析了中国城市紧凑度的空间分布特征,在此基础上,采用空间...     

环南海区域16个典型沿海城市的用地空间增长规律研究

本文选取中国和东南亚十个国家16个人口 30万以上城市作为研究对象,采用1990年、2000年、2010年和2018年4期城市建成用地数据,应用城市土地密度函数和公共边测度方法,计算各时段城市空间增长速率以及用地扩张模式,并简要探讨城市空间扩张与人口、产业之间的关系.主要结论为:①1990-2018年间,广州、万象等城...     

Post-socialist Sprawl: A Cross-Country Comparison

This paper presents a land-use change analysis of five Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. We utilize CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) Land-Cover and Urban Audit data for two distinct time periods: 1990–2000 and 2000–2006 aggregated at urban, suburban and non-metropolitan geographies. The literature on post-socialist cities suggests that urbanization rates and patterns in the post-socialist period are quite variable and divergent, both “inter”nationally and “intra”-nationally, and we expect to find both spatial and temporal differences. We compare and contrast urbanization patterns at the national scale, using cities and their functional urban regions as the unit of comparative analysis. Our results show that unlike other eastern European countries, metropolitan areas in the former German Democratic Republic began sprawling (defined as a decline in urban density) in the 1990s. Similar changes only became visible in other CEE countries later during the 2000s. We also demonstrate that larger cities which were better connected to the political elite and more economically integrated with global investment patterns experienced more extensive urban sprawl than their smaller and mid-sized counterparts.     

The violence of spectacle: Statist schemes to green the desert and constructing Astana and Ashgabat as urban oases

Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan have been home to the most impressive urban development projects in the entire post-Soviet world. Their capitals, Astana and Ashgabat, now boast uniquely monumental architecture and local leaders have invested heavily in ‘green belt’ projects to surround the cities with lush vegetation, as well as developing green and water-laden public spaces. In doing so, elites have drawn on Soviet-era ‘garden city’ idealism, as well as more recent environmental sustainability narratives. Yet these schemes are anything but sustainable. Unfolding on the arid Central Asian steppe, they depend on heavy irrigation, with water diverted from rivers that already fail to meet regional demands. Employing a comparative approach, I ask why and with what effect state planners have sought to craft Astana and Ashgabat as spectacularly green ‘urban oases,’ when their local climates should defy the logic of sustainability. In so doing, I consider urban greening in the two countries as part of a wider phenomenon of statist schemes to green the desert, which have a long and diverse history. Extending the literature on desert greening, I argue that the structural violence they manifest and perpetuate is best understood by attending to how they operate as a form of spectacle.     

长株潭城市群都市区各类城市建设用地的时空变化研究

以长株潭城市群的都市区为研究对象,通过收集1990-2019年中7个年份的8类城市建设用地的空间分布数据,建立空间数据库,并依托各类城市建设用地的增量、对城市群及其片区的贡献率、在城市群中的扩张程度分布的测算,归纳各类城市建设用地时空变化的特征与规律.结果表明:1990-2019年,长株潭城市群都市区的城市建设用地扩张...     

A Long Way to Complexity: Nonlinear “Growth Stages” and Spatially Uncoordinated Settlement Expansion in a Compact City (Athens,Greece)

Recent urbanization trends reflect an increasing dependence on regional economic transformations, local population dynamics, and planning constraints, becoming intrinsically complex and nonlinear. Following this assumption, the present study proposes a new approach for the analysis of long-term urban expansion in a compact metropolitan region (Athens, Greece), clarifying the importance of spatial heterogeneity and volatility in building activity over more than one century. A spatially explicit statistical approach was used to define a development cycle reflecting the stratification of heterogeneous waves of compact and dispersed urbanization at municipal scale. While resulting in distinctive spatial patterns of building activity, long-term urban growth emerged as a multifaceted response to market stimuli, social change, and diversified territorial contexts. Results of a spatially explicit analysis of long-term urban expansion based on official statistics shed further light on processes of metropolitan growth and change, and contribute to design integrated strategies enhancing spatial coordination and a more balanced socioeconomic development of contemporary cities.     

中国—中亚合作冲突关系及时空热点分析

中亚地处欧亚大陆中心，是“一带一路”倡议建设的重要区域。本文基于GDELT新闻媒体数据库，构建了事件影响度和双边关系度，定量分析了中国与中亚国家之间的合作、冲突关系演变，采用时空热点分析识别了中国在中亚城市尺度的合作、冲突热点模式。结果表明：①中国与中亚国家的合作日趋紧密。“一带一路”倡议提出之后，中国与中亚国家的合作趋势显著上升，与哈萨克斯坦的合作关系最为紧密。②中国在中亚地区的合作区域集中在中亚国家首都、战略要地、重要能源基地等，在乌兹别克斯坦安集延地区和塔吉克斯坦哈特隆州形成集中连片的合作区域。冲突区域集中在中亚国家首都和战略要地，与合作区域在空间上高度重合，但影响力显著低于合作事件。③中国在中亚城市的影响力以合作关系占主导，冲突关系大于合作关系的城市主要分布在吉尔吉斯斯坦。64%的中亚城市为低合作—低冲突状态，中亚国家首都、阿拉木图、安集延属于显著的高合作—高冲突城市。④时间尺度上，中国与中亚地区的合作热点以持续型为主，冲突热点以振荡型为主，哈萨克斯坦纳伦市、阿特劳州为新增冲突热点，应引起重视。     

The urbanisation of Java, 2000–2010: towards ‘the island of mega-urban regions’

The mega-urbanisation process in Java is reflected in the spatial patterns of urban population growth between 2000 and 2010, although there has been a small deceleration in the rate of growth recently. This process is also clearly indicated in the significant increase in the number of urban localities, which reflects in situ urbanisation and rural–urban transformation in Java. Most districts and cities located adjacent to large cities experienced much higher population growth rates, compared to the core areas in cities. The formation of urban belts with a mix of economic activities connecting large cities is greatly expanding, while the small and medium cities, those with population sizes between 100,000 to one million, have tended to stagnate as their role and functions as centres of socio-economic activities are taken over by the large cities. Java’s mega-urbanisation appears unstoppable, and is largely uncontrolled at the present time. It is a daunting challenge for the central and local governments to manage the spatial urban growth in Java in the near future.