阿拉伯人与东非奴隶贸易

研究东非奴隶贸易,一个重要的问题是如何看待阿拉伯人买卖奴隶的活动。早在本世纪30年代末,英国著名非洲史学家库普兰(R.Coupland)就在其著作《东非及其入侵者》(East Africa and Its Invaders)和《东非的开发》(The Exploitation of EastAfrica)中提出:阿拉伯人在东非从事奴隶贸易至少有二千年时间。换言之,阿拉伯人早在     

Victor REBRIK, IHAC

The book is confined to the study of the “popular morality” of the Athenians of the second half of the fifth century BCE and the whole extent of the fourth. The author moves outward from the central phenomenon of Athenian life, the oikos, comprising the family and extended family (Chapter 1), with a more sideways to take in threats or alternatives to the family, in the shape of courtesans and other ladies of irregular status (Chapter 2), returning then (Chapter 3) to the oikos with a chapter on problems of inheritance. After this he passes (Chapter 4) to the topic of friends and enemies, as essential feature of the Greekpolis.     

THE 11TH PANCHEN LAMA MET WITH SINGAPORE FOREIGN MINISTER YANG RONGWEN

<正>On the 14th of September of 2010,the 11th Panchen Lama(who is also a member of the CPPCC and deputy president of the Chinese Association of Buddhism) met with Mr.Yang Rongwen(Singapore Foreign Minister),Master Guang Sheng(the Chairman of the Headquarters of Buddhism in Singapore) and some other religious figures in Singapore,in the Xi Huang Temple of Beijing.The 11th Panchen Lama warmly expressed his welcome     

桑耶寺强久斯玛吉林殿壁画考(英文)

Samye Monastery is situated in the centre of Samye in Dranang(gra-nang) County, Shannan Prefecture, of Tibet. Lasting 12 years, its construction was under the patronage of the Tubo Tsenpo Trisong Detsan (Khri-srong Lde-btsan) in the 8th A.D. It is claimed to be the first Buddhist monastery in Tibetan history. The layout of the whole Samye complex imitated the pattern of a mandala in Tantric Art. The Great Hall, Utse (symbolizing Mountain Sumeru), was placed at the center of the complex. On the four sides of Utse, there are four temples symbolizing the Four Continents and     

Comfortable Housing-the Essence of a People s Livelihood-An Interview with Jampa Phuntsok,the Chairman of the Government of TAR

In the 1~(st) Session of the 9~(th) People's Congress of e Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR),held on nuary 22,2008,Mr.Jampa Phuntsok was again ted Chairman of the Tibetan Government.There is no doubt that the election outcome demonstrates once more that the population of over 2.8 million Tibetans ac- knowledges the achievements of the preceding leadership. Not surprisingly,in this five-year administrative term     

西藏阿里地区藏族对生态和环境的传统意识（英文）

正Ⅰ.Introduction The Kailash Sacred Landscape(KSL)also called in Tibetan Autonomous Region of China(TAR)as Gangs-Rin-po-che,is culturally and ecologically rich,highly diverse,and one of the most fragile regions in the world.Located within the remote south western portion of the Tibetan Autonomous Region(TAR)of China,and the     

The Secret Society's Secret: The Invoked Reality of the Tiandihui

This essay examines two sets of reports in the Qing-dynasty Jiaqing and Daoguang periods (respectively 1796-1820 and 1821-45) in order to understand better the perceived reality of the Tiandihui.The first set,found among the papers of Jiangxi governor Xianfu (1809-14),allows a comparison of a criminal gang that invoked the Tiandihui ceremony with one that did not.The second set includes the diary of Taihe county magistrate Xu Dihui (in office from 1824) that recorded various events which came to be reported to the senior officialdom as having been conducted by secret societies.By collating the incidents as reported in the diary and memorials to the emperor,the authors argue that the pressure of the administrative process was responsible for the ultimate acquiescence by the Hunan governor Han Wenqi (in office 1825-29) in the perception of an indisputable connection of the incidents with secret societies.Moreover,both sets of reports show that participants in secret-society ceremonies and officials who suppressed them knexv that the acclaimed networking of the Tiandihui as implied in its folklore was very far from the reality.     

NEWS IN BRIEF

COOPERATIVE MEDICAL SERVICEFinancial department concerned under the Central Government has found an average 15 Yuan per capita for the Tibetans in aid of the region's cooperative medical service. By the end of 2002, some 70 counties (94.59 percent of the total) with 654 townships (82.11 percent) adopted the service. This benefits 1,568,100 fanners and herders or 74.26 percent of the total.     

在字母教学中渗透音标教学参考教学设计

正一、设计内容Go for it(Year Seven):Book I:Starter Unit 2What’s this in English?(Period one)二、教学目标By the end of the session,most Ss will be able to:1)read the names of the school things.2)ask and answer the names of school things by use of:What’s this in English?It’s a/an…3)read and write the letters Ii-----Rr,and these letters’pronunciations.These will be achieved by:a)Show the pictures of the school things,and then give the names of them.Teaching Ss how to read the names of the school things.At last Ss can read the names of the school things and know what are they stand for.     

发现自西藏自治区的梵本《赞法界颂》（英文）

<正>1.General remarks Although the Dharmadbatustava(DDhS)has been ascribed to Nagarjuna,1 this attribution has been questioned by TSUKINOWA(1934)and SEYFORT RUEGG(1971:453-54)and rejected by LINDTNER(1982:10).2 Judging from its content,which shows significant influence from the tatbagatagarbha-tradition,the author of the DDhS cannot be the same as that of the Madhyamakakdrika.Another possible indication for the non-authenticity of this work is the fact that we do not find any Indian commentaries on it.     

先秦陪都初论

Is Yanshi Shangcheng (a city site of Shang dynasty at Yanshi county, He‘nan) the capital or something else? Did the Western Zhou move its Capital to Luoyi? Scholar‘s points vary. This paper regars the two cities are the secondary capitals of the early Shang and the Western Zhou respectively. Furthermore, takes the two cities and Yanxiadu (the secondary capital of Yan state of the Warring States period) as examples, the author makes a comprehensive study on the characteristics,background of the secondary capital of Pre-Qin, and its influence to latertime.     

The Administrative System in Tibet during the Tang and Yuan Dynasties

(1)China's Tang Dynasty (618-907) and Yuan dynasty(1279-1368) were of epoch-making importance in theformation and development of the Tibetan ethnicgroup.Numerous ethnic tribes began to unite,and theprocess of evolution from a tribal to a political societywas basically completed over the span of the twodynasties.The advanced political,ec,onomic and cul-rural systems of the Han people were introduced intoTibet,primitive tribes were gradually replaced by a     

THE DALAI LAMA SHOULD CHANGE HIS TUNE AGAIN AND ALTER HIS PATH An Interview with Mr.Zhu Weiqun by Focus Magazine of Germany

<正>EDITOR'S NOTE:On September 9~(th) of 2009,at the request of the reporters for German magazine Focus,Mr.Zhu Weiqun(executive vice minister of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee) gave an interview only on the condition that the main text of the interview are published in Focus.On Oct 5,Focus magazine reported this interview,using only 400 words as translated into Chinese.During the two-hour interview,Mr.Zhu Weiqun gave frank answers to the questions raised by these reporters that covered their areas of interest and also questions of worldwide concern.His talk was cut and thrust.Herewith,we would like to publish it in installments.     

The Origin of “Chinese Philosophy”

Using the analysis of a single word to launch a conceptual review of (a problem in) cultural history, the Chinese term zhexue 哲學 (wisdom-learning, tetsugaku) is not simply a translation of the word “philosophy”; its inventor, Nishi Amane (1829–97), regarded it as the (Western) counterpart of Oriental learning (Tōyōgaku). The first explicit linkage of “philosophy” with “the East” was at The University of Tokyo, where it played an important role in the work of Katō Hiroyuki (1836–1913) and Inoue Tetsujirō (1855–1944). Inoue’s History of Oriental Philosophy, written under Katō’s inspiration, used Western philosophy to systematize ancient Chinese thought, and transformed “philosophy” (tetsugaku) from a learning of others, or Western learning, into an important component of the spiritual world of the East, and into a kind of universal knowledge. This was completely different from earlier lectures on “China philosophy” (shina tetsugaku) by Nakamura Masanao (1832–91) and Shimada Jūrei (1838–98) which still followed the Chinese underlying structure, and in the background, it had the intent of grasping the power to control East Asian discourse. In China, when young scholars like Wang Guowei (1877–1927) embraced philosophy, they already took its universality as a self-evident premise. This kind of alignment later evolved into a situation where it seemed entirely natural to use Western systems to interpret Chinese thought, and it also induced serious scholars to reflect. However, “Oriental philosophy” and “Chinese philosophy” provide East Asia and especially China with an opportunity to reevaluate its traditional culture. In this connection, “Chinese philosophy” includes: first, using philosophical concepts to re-provision ancient thought (the so-called history of Chinese philosophy); second, the occurrence of “philosophy” and “Chinese philosophy” and their evolution after their arrival in China; third, drawing on philosophy to enrich and develop China’s thinking. When seeking out “philosophy” in the veins and arteries of China’s history, the first and second aspects must be strictly distinguished. As to what the future may hold, the effect of the third aspect is most important.     

NewBooks

Famous Sakya Monastery on Snowland Sakya Monastery (sa-skya dgon-pa) is the main temple of the Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism founded in 1073 and located in the Sakya County (Sa-skya rdzong) of Tibet. The Monastey's buildings cover a vast area and is well-Known for its unique architectural structure. It has been the residence of the Sakya Kingdom and ex-     

History of Psychology in China: Contributions,Challenges, and Future

The history of psychology makes three major contributions:(1) promoting the development of psychology in China;(2) establishing the history of Chinese psychology as an academic discipline;(3) playing an important role in training the next generation of Chinese psychologists.This effort faces numerous challenges,including the reduction in undergraduate teaching hours,declining enrolments at the postgraduate level,limited innovation in research,and a lack of financial support.These challenges stem largely from changes in the Chinese academic assessing system,the greater weight placed on experimental psychology,and a fewer opportunities for researchers.To address these concerns the history of psychology in China should make the history of Chinese psychology its research priority,while also presenting its findings to the public,and developing innovative teaching and research approaches.     

The First Student In Tibetan History to Study in Japan

In the late July of 1908, Ootani Kouzui (1876-1948, the 22nd abbot from of the Japanese Nishi-honganzi Monastery) sent hisyounger brother Ootani Sonyu (1886-1939) to go to Wutai Mountain to secretly meet the 13th Dalai Lama. The monastery of Japan and the local government of Tibet had reached an agreement on the issue of exchanging students. In accordance with the agreement, Aoki Bunkyou and Tada Toukan, spent three and ten years respectively studying in Tibet. And the 13th Dalai     

The Education System of Three Major Monasteries in Lhasα

Ⅰ. The Education System of Monasteries Under the Yellow Sect of Lamaism The rise of the Yellow Sect (or the dGe-lugs-pa Secti) in Tibet in the 15th century was closely related to its mature system of monasteries and sound organization of personnel. In the 13th and 14th centuries, previously thriving sects of Tibetan Buddhism, such as the Sa-skya-pa Sect2     

NOTES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION IN TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION

正Children are the future of our country.The development of preschool education significantly marks the advancement of social civilization.Since the 12th Five-Year(2011-2015)Plan was implemented,bilingual education in Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR)nursery schools has realized remarkable improvement.Up to the end of 2015,2.39 billion yuan have been allocated to build a total of 882 nursery schools and conduct their enrollment,as