Land use and resource exploitation in the Norse western settlement in Greenland

Undersøgelsen af areal‐ og ressourceudnyttelsen omkring udvalgte mindre, marginalt beliggende nordbogårde i Vesterbygdens centrale del fokuserer især på gårdsanlæggenes vegetationsressourcer med henblik på beregning af deres bæreevne og foderværdi.

På grundlag af biomasseberegninger synes en kronologisk og/eller social betinget bebyggelsesekspansion fra “gode” områder mod mere marginale områder at kunne påvises.

Analyser af forholdet mellem græs‐ og husarealer tyder på, at gårde med begrænset græsareal i nærheden kompenserer herfor enten ved at holde flere får eller geder (fremfor køer), som kræver mindre græs som foder og som oftere huses i fritliggende udhuse, eller ved at have større udhuskapacitet til oplagring af hø høstet længere borte fra gårdene.

En veldokumenter et gård bliver brugt som eksempel til beregning af vegeta‐tionspotentialets bæreevne, det faktiske dyreholds størrelse og husstandens størrelse.

Desuden bliver udnyttelsen af højlandet søgt belyst i forbindelse med betragtninger over forekomsten af anlæg og ressourcer relateret til sæterdrift og rensdyrjagt.     

Roberto Gonzalez Echevarria. Myth and Archive. A Theory of Latin American Narrative.

Abstract

Nigel Dennis, ed. El Epistolario (1924–1935). José Bergamín-Manuel de Falla. Valencia: Pre-Textos, 1995. 178 pp. Nigel Dennis, ed. En torno a la poesía de José Bergamín. Universitat de Lleida: 1995. 266 pp.

David K. Danow. The Spirit of Carnival: Magical Realism and the Grotesque. The University Press of Kentucky, 1995. 153 pp.

Karl D. Uitti with Michelle Freeman. Chrétien de Troyes Revisited. (Twayne's World Author Series Revisited, 855) New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995. xv + 169 pp.

Downing A. Thomas. Music and the Origins of Language: Theories from the French Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press, 1995. xi + 195 pp. $49.95.

George May. La perruque de Dom Juan, ou du bon usage des énigmes dans la littérature classique. (Coll. Bibliothèque de l'Âge classique.) Paris: Klincksieck, 1995. 144 pp.

Norman Roth. Converses, Inquisition, and the Expulsion. University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. xv + 429 pp.

Simon Gaunt. Gender and Genre in Medieval French Literature. (Cambridge Studies in French, 53) Cambridge University Press, 1995. x + 372 pp.

F. R. P. Akehurst and Judith M. Davis, eds. A Handbook of the Troubadours. University of California Press, 1995. vii + 501 pp. $55.00 (HB) $22.50 (PB).     

Reviews

Dansk socialhistorie 1‐7 (A social history of Denmark 1—7). København, (1979–82). ISBN 87–01–82331–0. Vol. 1: Jørgen Jensen, Oldtidens samfund. Tiden indtil år 800 (Prehistoric society, before 800 AD) 271 pp. Vol. 2: Niels Lund and Kai Hørby, Samfundet i vikingetid og middelalder 800–1500 (Society in the viking and middle ages 800–1500) 322 pp. Vol. 3: Ladewig Petersen, Fra standssamfund til rangssamfund 1500–1700 (From classes to ranks, 1500–1700). 447 pp. Vol. 4: Hans Chr. Johansen, En samfundsorganisation i opbrud 1700–1870 (A society on the move 1700–1780) 333 pp. Vol. 5: Vagn Dybdahl, Det nye samfund på vej 1871–1913 (The new society in the making 1871–1913) 310 pp. Vol. 6: Svend Aage Hansen and Ingrid Henriksen, Sociale brydninger 1914–39 (Social conflicts 1914–39) 424 pp. Vol. 7: Svend Aage Hansen and Ingrid Henriksen, Velfærdsstaten 1940–78 (The welfare state 1940–78) 399 pp. Register, ved Annegrete Dybdahl (Indices) 106 pp.

Fenger, Ole, Gammeldansk ret. Dansk rets historie i oldtid og middelalder (Old Danish law. The history of prehistoric and medieval Danish law). Århus, (1983). ISBN 87–583–0172–0. 156 pp.

Petersson, Birgit, Den farliga underklassen. Studier i fattigdom och brottslighet i 1800‐tale ts Sverige (The dangerous classes. Studies in poverty and crime in 19th century Sweden). Acta Universitatis Umensis. Umeå Studies in the Humanities 53. Umeå, (1983). ISBN 91–7174–133‐X. 306 pp. English summary.

Brändström, Anders, "De kärlekslösa mödrarna.” Spädbamsdödligheten i Sverige under 1800‐talet med särskild hänsyn till Nedertornea ("The loveless mothers.” Infant mortality in Sweden during the 19th century with special attention to the parish of Nedertorneå). Acta Universitatis Umensis. Umeå Studies in the Humanities 62. Umeå, (1984). ISBN 91–7174–162–3. ix+271 pp. English summary.

Hinkkanen‐Lievoncn, Merja‐Liisa, Britisk Trade and Enterprise in the Baltic States 1919–1925. Studia Historka, 14. Helsinki, (1984). ISBN 951–9254–54–4. 312 pp.

Kero, Reino, Neuvosto‐Karjalaa rakentamassa. Pohjois‐Amerikan suomalaiset tekniikan tuojina 1930‐luvun Neuuosto‐Karjalassa (Building Soviet Karelia. North American Finns as the introducers of new techniques to Soviet Karelia during the 1930's). Historiallisia tutkimuksia 122. (Helsinki, 1983). ISBN 951–92544–44–7. 231 pp. English summary.

Ekholm, Curt, Balt‐ och tyskutlämningen 1945–46. Omståndigheter kring interneringen i läger i Sverige och utlämningen till Sovjetunionen av f.d. tyska krigsdeltagare (The deportation of Baltic and German military internees in 1945–46. Circumstances concerning the internment in camps in Sweden and the deportation of former German soldiers to the Soviet Union).

Part 1. Ankomsten och interneringen (The arrival and the internment). Studia historica upsaliensia 136. (Uppsala, 1984). ISBN 91–554–1533–4. 220 pp. English summary.

Part 2. Utlämningen och efterspelet (The deportation and the sequel). Studia historica Upsaliensia 137. (Uppsala, 1984). ISBN 91–554–1534–2. 440 pp. English summary.     

Application of Visual Archaeological Landscape Analysis: Some Results

Sverre Marstrander (eds.): Acts of the International Symposium on Rock Art. The Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, Oslo. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Bergen, Troms? 1978. 248 pp.

Helge I. H?eg, Hans‐Emil Lidén, Aslak Liest?l, Petter B. Molaug, Erik Schia, Christina Wiberg: De arkeologiske utgravninger i Gamlebyen, Oslo. Bind I. Feltet ‘Mindets tomt’. Stratigrafi, topografi, daterende funngrupper. (The Archaeological Excavations in Gamlebyen, Oslo. Vol. I. Site ‘Mindets tomt’. Stratigraphy, Topography, Dating Artefact Groups). Universitetsforlaget, Oslo‐Bergen‐Troms?. 265 pp., 9 Pls., 287 Figs. English summary.     

Book review

Sémantique Anatomique: une Langage pour une Science Regis Olry, Bibliothèque nationale du Québec, 1995. ISBN 2–9804710–0–3

Berrios G, Porter R (eds.) (1995): A History of Clinical Psychiatry: The Origin and History of Psychiatric Disorders, London, Athlone Press. Pp. xx + 684. ISBN 0 485 24011 4, £60.00 (hardback); ISBN 0 485 24211 7, £19.95 (paperback).     

The selves of others

Carrithers, Michael, Collins, Steven, and Lukes, Steven, eds. The Category of the Person. 1985, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. 309 pages. Softcover, $13.95

Marsella, Anthony J., DeVos, George, and Hsu, Francis, L. K., eds. Culture and Self: Asian and Western Perspectives. 1985, Tavistock Publications, New York. 321 pages. Hardcover, $25.00. Softcover, $12.95.

Daniel, E. Valentine, Fluid Signs: Being a Person the Tamil Way. 1984, University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 320 pages. Hardcover, $29.95.     

Saeters in the Norse eastern settlement of østerbygden in southwest Greenland

Sammendrag

Artiklen indledes med en kort gennemgang af Østerbygdens udforskning (Tabel I). Frem til 1986 er der påvist 408 lokaliteter med een eller flere norrøne ruiner, hoved‐sagelig beliggende i relativt let tilgængeligt terræn fra 0–200 m.o.h.

I 1974 påbegyndtes et nordisk arkæologisk projekt med henblik på en systematisk udforskning af Østerbygdens udvikling. Som projektområde valgtes Qodlortoqdalen i det indre af Tunugdliarfikfjorden. Undersøgelserne i årene 1974–79 resulterede i, at antallet af registrerede norrøne ruiner i projektområdet blev mere end en fordoblet; blandt andet blev der fundet en række nye lokaliteter i højlandet (op til 400 m.o.h.), der af forfatteren tolkes som sætre.

Med udgangspunkt i det norske materiale defineres tre typer sætre: Helsætre, mælkesætre og høsletsætre. De nyfundne lokaliteter forsøges sat i relation til disse sætertyper (Tabel II).

Ved en nyvurdering af tilgængeligt arkivmateriale udskilles yderligere 44 lokaliteter i Østerbygden som sandsynlige sætre, hvor helsætrene hovedsagelig findes i de tættest bebyggede områder omkring Tunugdliark‐fik‐ og Igalikqfforden, mælkesætre i knap så tæt bebyggede områder, medens høsletsætre ikke uventet navnlig findes i de marginale områder.

Et væsentligt problem i forbindelse med denne nytolkning er imidlertid, at der mangler arkæologiske og naturvidenskabelige undersøgelser af de behandlede lokaliteter. Tolkningen som sætre bygger således udelukkende på en vurdering af de enkelte lokaliteters beliggenhed i terrænet, udformning og ressourcemuligheder.

Fremtidige undersøgelser må afklare problemerne omkring datering og de enkelte ruiners funktion.     

The Pícaro as Jester in the Spanish Picaresque

Abstract

Jean Blacker. The Faces of Time: Portrayal of the Past in Old French and Latin Historical Narrative of the Anglo-Norman Regnum. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994. xv + 263 pp.

Gretchen Rous Besser. Germaine de Staël Revisited. (Twayne's World Authors Series, 849.) New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994. xvii + 181pp. $23.95.

John Claiborne Isbell. The Birth of European Romanticism: Truth and Propaganda in Staäl's 'De l'Allemagne, 1810–1813. (Cambridge Studies in French, 49.) Cambridge University Press, 1994. xiii + 269 pp. $59.95.

Michael Sprinker. History and Ideology in Proust: A la recherche du temps perdu and the Third French Republic. (Cambridge Studies in French, 50.) Cambridge University Press, 1994. xii + 232 pp. $54.95.

William J. Kennedy. Authorizing Petrarch. Cornell University Press, 1994. ii + 301pp.

M. J. Woods. Gracián Meets Góngora: The Theory and Practice of Wit. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1995. vi + 120 pp.

Cristóbal Cuevas García, ed. Jardiel Poncela. Teatro, vanguardia y humor. Barcelona: Athropos, 1993. 302 pp.

Roberta Johnson. Crossfire: Philosophy &; the Novel in Spain, 1900–1934. The University Press of Kentucky, 1993, xi + 234 pp.

Kenton V. Stone. Utopia Undone: The Fall of Uruguay in the Novels of Carlos Martínez Moreno. Lewisburg: Bucknell U P, 1994. 217 pp. $35.00

Carol Maier, Roberta L. Salper, eds. Ramón María del Valle-Inclán: Questions of Gender. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press; London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1994. 264 pp.

Walter Mignolo. The Darker Side of the Renaissance. Literacy, Territoriality, and Colonization. University of Michigan Press, 1995. 426 pp. $39.50.

José Raimundo Maia Neto. Machado de Assis, the Brazilian Pyrrhonian. (Purdue Studies in Romance Literatures, 5.) Purdue University Press: 1994. 231pp. $35.95.     

Comments on immigration in archaeological contexts

VESTNORDISK BYGGESKIKK GJENNOM TO TUSEN ÅR. Tradisjon og forandring fra romertid til det 19. århundre. (West Nordic building customs from the Roman Period to the 19^th century). Editors: Bj?rn Myhre, Bjarne Stoklund and Per Gjaerder. Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger—skrifter vol. 7. Stavanger 1982. 287 pages. 264 figures and 5 tables. Summaries in English.     

Book reviews

Ruth Oldenziel, Making Technology Masculine: Men, Women, and Modern Machines in America, 1870–1945 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1999), pp. 271

Lars Engwall and Vera Zamagni (eds.), Management Education in Historical Perspective (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1999), pp. Xiii+177

T.R. Gourvish and N. Tiratsoo (eds.), Missionaries and Managers: American Influences on European Management Education, 1945–1960 (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press/St. Martins, 1999), pp. X+165     

The Peasant,His Land and Money: Land Transactions in Late Sixteenth-century East Bothnia

Ilkka Mäntylä, Suomalaisen juoppouden kasvu, Kustavilaisen kanden alkokolipolitiïkka [The Growth of Finnish Drunkenness, the Alcohol Policy of the Gustavian Era]. (Jyväskylä, 1995.)

Eeva‐Iüsa Lehtonen, Säätyläishuveista kansanhuveiksi, Kansanhuveista kansalaishuveiksi. Maaseudun yleishyödyllinen huvitoiminta 1800‐luvun alusta 1870‐luvun loppuun [From Upper‐Class to Popular Entertainments. From Popular to Public Entertainments. Fund‐raising Entertainments in Rural Finland During the 19th Century]. (Helsinki: Societas Historica Finlandiae, 1994).

Ilkka Liikanen, Fennomania ja kansa, Jonkkojärjestäytymisen läpimurto ja Suomalaisen puolueen synty [Fennomania and the People: The Breakthrough of Mass Organization and the Birth of the Finnish Party]. (Helsinki: SHS, 1995) Diss.

Mervi Kaarninen, Nykyajan tytöt, Koulutus, luokka ja sukupuoli 1920‐ja 1930‐ luvun Suomessa [Modern Girls. Education, Class and Gender in Finland in die 1920s and 1930s]. Bibliotheca historica 5 (Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society, 1995). 297 pp. ISBN 951–710–019–1.

Kerstin Smeds, Helsingfors‐Paris. Finländarna på vårldsutstallningama 1851–1900 [Helsinki‐Paris. Finland at die Universal Expositions 1851–1900]. Vammala. Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, nr. 598. 397 pp. ISBN 951–583–024–9.

Pekka Mervola, Kttja, kirjavampi, saanomalehti. Ulkoasukierre ja suamalaisten sanomalehtien ulkoasu 1771–1994 [The Appearance Spiral and die Outward Appearance of Newspapers in Finland 1771–1994]. Suomen historiallinen seura, Biblioteca Historica 1 (Vammala, 1995). 429 pp. ISBN 951–710–013–2.

Antti Kujala, Venäjän hallitus ja Suomen tvöväenliike 1899–1905 [The Russian Government and the Finnish Workers’ Movement 1899–1905]. Hist, tutk, 94 (Helsinki: Societas Historica Finlandiae, 1996). 459 pp. ISBN 951–710–024–8.

Jussi M. Hanhimäki, Rinnakkaiseloa patomassa. Yhdysvallat ja Paasikiven linja 1948–1956 [Containing Coexistence]. Bibliotheca historica 10 (Helsinki: Suomen Historiallinen Seura, 1996). 191 pp. [English summary].

Else Roesdahl and Preben Meulengracht S?renson, eds. The Waking of Angantyr. The Scandinavian past in European culture. Den nordiske fortid i europæisk kultur, Acta Jutlandica LXXI:l, Humanities Series 70 (Aarhus, 1996). 229 pp. ISBN 87–7288–435–5.

Nils Arne S?renson, ed. European Identities. Cultural Diversity and Integration in Europe Since 1700, (Odense University Press, 1995). 269 pp. ISBN 87–7492–976–3.

Atle Thowsen, Handelsflåten i krig 1939–1945. Nortraship: Profitt og patriotisme, vol. 1 (Gröndahl og Dreyers Forlag, Oslo, 1992). 494 pp., ISBN 82–404–1895–6.     

Bell Beaker Communities in Thy: The First Bronze Age Society in Denmark

Lane Anderson Beck (ed.): Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. (Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology). Plenum Press, New York and London 1995. XIX + 280 pp., 60 figs. ISBN 0–306–44931–5 (hardback).

Sandra Billington and Miranda Green (eds): The Concept of the Goddess. Routledge, London, 1996. XIV + 192 pp. 26 figs. ISBN 0–4151421–3.     

A Review of “Cultures of the Erotic in Spain, 1898–1939, and A Virtual Wunderkammer: Early Twentieth Century Erotica in Spain”

Abstract

Christopher Rivers. Face Value: Physiognomical Thought and the Legible Body in Marivaux, Lavater, Balzac, Gautier, and Zola. The University of Wisconsin Press, 1994. xii + 275 pp.

Brian T. Fitch. The Fall: A Matter of Guilt. (Twayne's Masterwork Studies.) New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995. xii + 136 pp.     

Collected Essays

SARKESIAN, SAM C. and ROBERT E. CONNOR, JR. eds. America's Armed Forces: A Handbook of Current and Future Capabilities. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1996. Pp. x, 475. $99.50 (us).

COHEN, ROBIN, ed. The Cambridge Survey of World Migration. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xxi, 570. $125.00 (us).

KUPCHAN, CHARLES A., ed. Nationalism and Nationalities in the New Europe. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1995. Pp. xi, 224. $14.95 (us)> paper.

LONG, ROGER D., ed. The Man on the Spot: Essays on British Empire History. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1995. Pp. x, 246. $59.95 (us).

MANDELBAUM, MICHAEL, ed. The Strategic Quadrangle: Russia, China, Japan, and the United States in East Asia. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1995. Pp. vii, 221. $16.95 (us), paper.

MECONIS, CHARLES A. and BORIS N. MAKEEV. US-Russian Naval Co-operation. New York: Praeger, 1995. Pp. xii, 172. $55.00 (us).

NOLAN, CATHAL J., ed. Ethics and Statecraft: The Moral Dimension of International Affairs. New York: Praeger, 1995. Pp. xvii, 235. $19.95 (us), paper.

REINHARZ, JEHUDA and ANITA SHAPIRA, eds. Essential Papers on Zionism. New York: New York University Press, 1995. Pp. ix, 857. $25.00 (us), paper.

WEINDLTNG, PAUL, ed. International Health Organisations and Movements, 19187ndash;1939. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xvi,337. $69.95(us).     

Parties,Gender Quotas and Candidate Selection in France

Almanach des Français, 2 vols (Encyclopaedia Universalis, 1994), 319pp. and 316pp., 544F.

Charmasson T., Lelorrain, A.‐M. and Sonnet, M., Chronologie de l'histoire de France (PUF, 1994), 876pp., 179F., ISBN 2 13 046139 5

Conseil national de la vie associative, Les Associations à l'épreuve de la décen‐ . tralisation: Bilan 1991–1992 (La Documentation Française, 1993), 245pp., 145F., ISBN 2 11 002974 9

Council of Europe, Population: French‐English glossary (Strasbourg, 1994), 500pp., 224F., ISBN 92 871 2506 6

Delporte, C., Histoire du journalisme et des journalistes en France (PUF, 1995), 127pp., 40F., pbk, ‘Que sais‐je?’

Deutschland‐Frankreich. Internationale Beziehungen und gegenseitige Verflechtung. Bine Bibliographie 1983–1990 ‐ France‐Allemagne. Relations internationales et interdépendances bilatérales. Une bibliographie 1983–1990 (Saur, München, 1994), 422pp., 148 DM.

Durant, S., Palais des Machines (Phaidon, 1995), 60pp., £19.95

Forrest, A., The French Revolution (Blackwell, 1995), 191pp., £6.99 pbk, and £25 hbk, ISBN 0 631 18351 5; 0 631 18107 5

Girault, R., and Bossuat, G., eds., Europe brisée, Europe retrouvée (Publications de la Sorbonne, 1994), 431pp., 180F., ISBN 2 85944 255 3

Greenfeld, L., Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Harvard University Press, 1992), 581pp., ISBN 0 674 60318 4

Hall, P., Hayward, J. and Machin, H., eds., Developments in French Politics (Macmillan, 1994), 340pp., £12.99, ISBN 0 333 61563 8

Hemtnings, F., The Theatre Industry in Nineteenth‐Century France (Cambridge University Press, 1993), xiv + 319pp., £35, ISBN 0 521 44142 0

Jordi, J.‐J., De l'exode à l'exil: Rapatriés et Pieds‐Noirs en France (L'Harmattan, 1993), 253pp., 140F., ISBN 2 7384 2305 1

Lamoureux, C., La Grande Parade du catch (Presses Universitaires de Mirail, 1993), 368pp., 175F., ISBN 2 85816 207 7

Makward, C., and Miller, J., eds., Plays by French and Francophone Women: A Critical Anthology (University of Michigan Press, 1995), 345pp., £15.20, ISBN 0 472 08258 2

Rebérioux, M., Jaurès, la parole et l'acte (Gallimard, 1994), 160pp., pbk

Schifres, A., Les Hexagons (Laffont, 1994), 494pp., 149F.

Tandem: Franco‐British arts review (Institut français du Royaume‐Uni), to be published three times a year (first issue: January‐August 1995)

Wieviorka, O., and Prochasson, C., eds., La France du XX^e siècle. Documents d'histoire (Seuil, 1994), 745pp., pbk, ISBN 2 02 013224 9     

The shaping of a market for technical know‐how in Latin America 1870–1930

Ingar Kaldahl, Arbeid og miljø ved Follafoss tresliperi og Ranheim papirfabrikk 1920–1970 [Work and work environment at Follafoss pulp‐mill and Ranheim paper mill 1920–1970]. (Trondheim, Norway: Department of History, University of Trondheim, 1994). 525 pp. ISBN 82–7765–002–7.

Britta Lövgren, Hemarbete som politik [Housework as politics. Discussions on housework in Sweden in the 1930s and the 1940s and the establishing of The Home Research Institute (Hemmenes Forskningsinstitut)]. (Stockholm: Almqvist &; Wiksell International, 1993). 232 pp. ISBN 91–22–01556–6.

Sidsel Eriksen, Sester Silfverbergs sorger [Sister Silfverberg's sorrows. A story about how a Sunday‐school teacher became a temperance agitator and a feminist]. (Copenhagen: Spektrum, 1993). ISBN 87–7763–088–2.

Alexandra Ramsay, Huvudstadens hjärta. Filantropi och social förändring i Helsingfors: två fruentimmers föreninger 1848–1865 [The heart of the capital. Philanthropy and social change in Helsingfors ‐ two ladies’ societies 1848–1865]. (Helsingfors: Finska Vetenskaps‐Societeten‐Suomen Tiedeseura, 1993.) 183 pp. ISBN 951–653–248–9.

Elina Katainen (ed.), Kotomaan koko kuva. Kirjoituksia elokuvasta ja 1930‐luvun sosiaalikistoriasta [Full Portrait of the Homeland. Studies in Cinema and the Social History of the 1930s]. (Helsinki: Suomen Historiallinen Seura. Historiallinen Arkisto 100. Helsingin yliopiston talous‐ ja sosiaalihistorian laitos. Talous‐ ja sosiaalihistoriallisia tutkimuksia 2, 1993. 232 pp. ISBN 951–8915–68–7, ISSN 0073–2540.

Erik Tudeer, Det åländska folkets historia V:1 1920–1990 [The History of the Åland Islanders]. (Ekenäs:Ekenäs Tryckeri Aktiebolag, 1993). 287 pp. ISBN 952–9848–02–1.     

Widows,ownership and political culture: Sweden 1650-1800

In this paper we will analyse and discuss the widow's political participation during the second half of the early modern period. We focus on political elections and what possibilities that laid open for peasant and burgher widows to exert their influence at the elections.¹ [Formula: See Text] We would like to thank Hanne Marie Johansen and others that participated in the workshop Enkefolk i skandinavisk historie …, Bergen in October 2003 and colleagues in the Department of Historical Studies, Umeå for valuable comments on earlier versions of this paper.     

Publications received 1984–1985

José Manuel Sánchez Ron (1997): INTA. 50 años de ciencia y técnica aeroespacial (Madrid: INTA)

Dieter Hoffmann and Kristie Macrakis (eds.), Naturwissenschaft und Technik in der DDR (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1997), pp. 410.

Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker (eds.), Science, Technology and National Socialum (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 422.

Keith Wailoo, Drawing Blood: Technology and Disease Identity in Twentieth‐Century America, (Baltimore &; London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), xii+288 pp., ill.

Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Islands and the Origins of Environmentalism. 1660–1860 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995 (HB) and 1996 (PB)), pp. xiv+540.

Peter Galison, Image and Logic. A Material Culture of Mkrophysics. (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1997) pp. xxv+955.     

The Niaquusat excavations reconsidered: A contribution to the discussion of the stratigraphy of the midden at the Norse Niaquusat farm

Sammendrag

Møddingen ved nordbogården ved Niaquusat i Ameralla fjord (FM 64V2‐III‐507) blev arkæologisk undersøgt under Inuit‐Nordbo Projektet 1976–77. Hensigten var at undersøge nordbogårdens økonomi. Niaqu‐usat‐undersøgelsen indtager en nøgleposition i grønlandsk norrøn arkæologi, da man her for første gang undersøgte en mødding systematisk og stratigrafisk.

I alt blev der i forbindelse med 1977‐undersøgelsen indsamlet 15.102 identificerbare dyreknogler, og dette materiale har siden dannet udgangspunkt i en diskussion om klimaforandringens indflydelse på de grønlandske nordbobygders økonomi i 1200–1300‐årene.

I artiklen diskuteres tolkningen af Niaquusat møddingens opbygning og indhold samt den absolutte datering af møddingsaflejringerne. Genstandsfund og C14‐dateringer indicerer, dels at møddingens opbygning ikke er foregået så regulært og tidsmæssigt kontinuerligt, som hidtid antaget, dels at man ikke kan se bort fra kronologisk opblandede aflejringer.     

Book reviews

A. K. Ogloblin. Madurskiy yazyk i lingvisticheskaya tipologiya. 200 pp. Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta, 1986.

Rahmah Bujang. Boria: a form of Malay theatre. xv, 165 pp. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, [1987]. (Local History and Memoirs.)

J. van Baal and others. West Irian: a bibliography. [By] J. van Baal, K. W. Galis, and R. M. Koentjaraningrat. xiv, 307 pp. Dordrecht; Cinnaminson: Foris Publications, 1984. (Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal‐, Land‐ en Volkenkunde. Bibliographical series, 15.)