宁波航空港的区位优势及其可持续发展战略研究

文章在分析宁波航空港现状规模的基础上,首先对宁波空港的区位特征进行研究,然后论证了宁波空港经济腹地经济特征及经济地域结构,最后采用包括灰色系统理论在内的几种方式对其发展规模进行预测,并提出空港可持续发展的几点建议。     

STRUCTURAL DIMENSIONS IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF LOCATIONAL CONFLICTS

L ocational c onflict is a frequent by-product of efforts to change the physical structure of man-made environments. Within the geography discipline, theoretical and empirical interests in the conflict basis of public and private decisions on the use of land were stimulated in the early 1970s by the work of Julian Wolpert and his associates.¹ The resolution of conflicts over the locations of specific activities is seen as an important means of allocating benefits among locations² and has led to considerable variations in the distribution of necessary services and amenities among residents of the city.³ Indeed, irrespective of overt evidences of conflict occurrence, David Harvey has characterized the land-use pattern itself as an important indicator of the socio-political rules which direct urban development.⁴     

LOCATIONAL FACTORS OF MACHINE MANUFACTURING IN THE SOVIET NORTH

Arguments are marshaled against the location of machine manufacturing in the North. The location of suppliers and the location of the market are viewed as negligible factors because machinery plants generally are supplied from a large number of sources and serve a highly dispersed market. The crucial element is said to be the issue of labor resources, particularly skilled labor, and the associated infrastructure that would be needed in the North. It is also pointed out that machine manufacturing is traditionally most cost-effective in large urban centers and in older industrial areas where it benefits from the so-called agglomerative effect of locational factors. It is recommended that metal-fabricating activities in the North be restricted to essential equipment repairs and overhauls and occasional manufacture of nonstandard equipment, with greater use of centralized supplies of spare parts. (For an opposed view, see V. P. Yevstigneyev in Soviet Geography, May 1976.)     

网络信息对旅游者决策影响研究——国内外研究比较的视角

网络信息对旅游者决策影响研究对旅游业信息化发展及旅游企业市场营销具有重要作用,已成为一大研究热点。本文对其国内外研究成果进行介绍、分析对比,结果表明:国外的网络信息对旅游者搜寻心理影响和网络评价信息、网络口碑信息对旅游者决策影响等研究已经成熟,其中,旅游者网络信息搜寻创新心理、网络评价信息对旅游者决策影响因素等是研究热点。国内在网络评价信息对旅游者决策影响研究方面比较薄弱,在旅游者网络信息搜寻创新心理和旅游者网络口碑传播动机研究方面文献寥寥。国外研究视角和方法多样,尤其擅长运用心理学、传播学及社会学等研究方法展开微观层面研究,国内研究多是根据国外研究分析及国内相关情况展开。     

THE LOCATIONAL DYNAMICS OF MANUFACTURING IN CHINA'S COUNTIES: INFLUENCE OF EXPRESSWAY INVESTMENT

This study investigates the impact of expressway investment in China's counties. By identifying expressway accessibility through toll station locations, we estimate the manufacturing distribution along expressways for 2001–2005. We find that expressway accessibility promotes manufacturing employment for inland counties by around 41 percent; however, for coastal counties that already have high road density and dense manufacturing layouts, the returns from new expressways are small. Furthermore, counties close to large cities benefit more from expressway accessibility than do counties that are far from them. The gap first increases in the period of expressway construction and then decreases as expressway effects are smoothed.     

东北亚地区矿产资源及其生产要素区位平衡的分析

作为亚太地区组成部分的东北亚地区,主要包括中国东北、俄罗斯远东地区、朝鲜、韩国、日本和蒙古。这六个国家(地区)相互毗邻,联系密切,而且交通方便,运输距离短。     

基于关系视角的企业直接投资区位选择——过程与机理

企业直接投资区位选择是经济地理学的经典议题。目前直接将区位条件与关系网络衔接起来分析企业直接投资区位选择过程的研究较为少见。本文基于关系视角和中国情境,构建了关系连通、区位耦合、博弈谈判三位一体的模型,提出了一种对企业直接投资区位选择过程化的理解方法。文章以案例研究方法,对企业家赴甘肃省和浙江省开发区投资考察过程进行了参与式观察与访谈。研究发现,企业直接投资区位选择遵循关系连通—区位耦合—博弈谈判的过程。第一,企业与投资地关系连通是企业到当地投资的前提,而结构洞有利于企业与投资地关系形成。第二,企业与投资地区位耦合是企业投资区位选择的必经过程。第三,企业与投资地政府博弈谈判是企业投资的重要过程,且必须达成两厢情愿企业才可能在当地投资。在中国情境中,本文的理论模型具有现实代表性。本文的创新之处是结合中国情境,运用关系视角,对企业投资区位选择过程进行了理论重构。     

LOCATIONAL FACTORS IN THE DECLINING INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF THE NEW YORK URBAN REGION*

This paper investigates the locational factors that contributed to the decline of the New York urban region's industries during 1972-1975. Based on the static concept of a specialization index, a dynamic comparative advantage index is constructed. A model is then formulated to test the hypothesis that regional competitive advantage (vis-à-vis the nation) is a function of relative disparities in the change of these locational factors. Regression results show that the region's competitive advantage is influenced positively by the differential rate of change in market size, by the differential profit rate before tax, and negatively by the differential rate of change in unit labor cost and in unit energy cost. The differential tax rate does not seem to affect the region's competitive advantage. Nevertheless, a progressive corporate income tax structure tends to neutralize the beneficial effects of the economies of agglomeration and the urban attraction of the region.     

PRICE UNCERTAINTY,FACTOR SUBSTITUTION,AND THE LOCATIONAL BIAS OF BUSINESS TAXES*

Consideration of the integrated production-location problem is extended to include several types of business taxes. Many of these taxes are technologically and spatially neutral under certainty, but are shown to be nonneutral when factor prices are stochastic and the firm is risk averse, even when the tax is spatially uniform. Consequently, even a nationally uniform tax can have regional biases and can encourage migration of plants. When factor prices are uncertain, the effects of taxes on output rates, input ratios, and plant location vary with the form of the tax imposed as well as the amount to be paid. Income taxes involve the taxing authority in sharing the risk with the firm and are shown to promote risk taking by the firm and induce the expansion of output. Locational incentives which are mutually beneficial to firms and the government are presented.     

旅游网站信息搜寻对旅游者行为决策影响的评价分析

随着互联网的普及和旅游电子商务的发展,旅游网站信息搜寻行为已成为旅游者行为决策研究的重要内容。本文通过对来张家界市旅游游客的实证调查,研究张家界市旅游者信息搜寻的特征和偏好,并进一步采用因子分析法分析了旅游网站信息搜寻对旅游者行为决策的影响。研究发现:张家界市游客对旅游网站的信息搜寻与年龄、职业、知识层次等因素相关;年轻、学历较高的游客访问率更高,而且对网站的依赖程度更大;网络已经成为游客获取旅游信息最重要的渠道;在网络旅游信息有效传播的方式中,百度,Google,综合性门户网站和专门旅游网站优势明显。