战时陕甘宁边区的劳动英模运动

典型人物英雄化或先进化是中共的一项重要政治仪式。抗战时期,中共在陕甘宁边区发动了大规模的劳动英模运动,创造和发现了一大批典型人物,形成中国历史上第一个劳动英模群体。该项活动既是中共在抗战时期根据地政权建设的基本内容,又是中共中央直接领导陕甘宁边区社会建设的新型组织形式。奖励劳动英模的根本目的在于使之在群众中发生作用,组织起一个群众性运动,以达到发展生产、巩固根据地、促进各项建设事业的目标。     

陕甘宁边区的离婚法实践

陕甘宁边区的离婚法令体现了对婚姻自由、男女平等的追求,但由于落后的社会现实而在实施中遭遇了困境。对此,边区政府在立法、司法、宣传等方面采取了多种补救措施。在离婚问题上,边区还面临着革命需求与个人权利之间的价值冲突,并在实践中对前者有所偏向。考察边区的离婚法令及其实践,可为今日的法制建设提供借鉴。     

新疆区域经济可持续发展途径的探讨

本文以新疆的产业结构、投资、科技、旅游为突破点,全面分析新疆尤其是北疆经济发展中存在的问题,并集中探讨了促进新疆经济可持续发展的途径。     

Himalayan border citizens: Sovereignty and mobility in the Nepal–Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) of China border zone

For over half a century, a border zone mandated by bilateral treaty has existed along the full length of the international border between Nepal and China's Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR). Since 2002, people classified as “border inhabitants” who live within 30 km of the border on both sides have been issued “border citizen cards” which allow them to cross the border without a passport or a visa, and travel up to 30 km on the other side. This article explores historical and contemporary experiences of life in the Nepal–TAR border zone for such border citizens. Their state-sanctioned cross-border mobility complicates existing work on Tibetan refugee citizenship, and expands previous models for understanding ethno-political identities and sovereignty in the Himalayan region. The legally recognized category of border citizenship between Nepal and China's TAR provides a compelling example of how states may create alternative categories of citizenship in response to practices from below, while further shaping such practices through regimes of differentiated citizenship. I argue that this form of border citizenship emerges out of non-postcolonial trajectories of state formation in the Himalayan region, which offer important contrasts with other parts of South Asia.     

铁路与华北内陆地区市镇形态的演变(1905—1937)

已有的研究成果表明,交通运输的变革,对市镇形态的演变影响深远。铁路作为近代交通的代表,显然具有这一功能。本文将以1905—1937年间华北地区较为著名的驻马店、漯河、唐山、焦作、石家庄、平地泉等市镇为例,通过考察铁路与产业结构、社会结构、地域结构及外部形态演变间的关联作用,揭示铁路与形态演变之间的规律,并将铁路影响下的华北内陆工商业市镇形态概括为驻马店模式、唐山模式和石家庄模式。     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区代耕问题研究

抗日根据地的代耕是根据地政权实行的帮助没有劳动力或劳动力不足的抗工属和退伍军人代耕、代种、代管、代收的制度。在陕甘宁边区,它是诸多优抗措施中最中心的方式。边区政府颁布了一系列相关条例和细则,制定了代耕原则、代耕办法、代耕方式及加强代耕的组织领导和思想教育等措施。代耕的实施,对改善抗工属及退伍军人的生活,稳定军心,激励士气乃至抗战的胜利起到了重要作用。边区的代耕充分体现了统一战线的政治特征和全民性、长期性等时代特色。     

The European Far North of Russia and Its Territorial Constructions in the Sixteenth–Twenty-First Centuries

Abstract

This article addresses the problem of the homogeneity and structure of the identity of the European Far North of Russia. The author comes to the conclusion that the structure of this territory has been determined since the sixteenth century by a rift between the Kola North and the Arkhangelsk North. While this rift deteriorated or was partially healed at different times, the differentiation of the European Far North of Russia into two territorial segments persisted over the periods of Muscovy, the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union. Although the Kola Peninsula was integrated for two centuries (1708–1921) into the vast province with a centre in the city of Arkhangelsk, it not only preserved features of its identity, but in fact managed to strengthen them, which eventually led to the administrative separation of the Kola North from the Arkhangelsk Province. The development of the two northern territories has been accompanied by competition, which is still there to a large extent. The phenomenon of the division of the Russian Far North in two parts is treated as a consequence of the importance which meridional strategic ties between the centre and the outlying northern areas acquired in the Russian State, in contrast to the weaker latitudinal peripheral ties between the provinces.