陶寺遗址出土铜器初探

<正>陶寺遗址自1978年发掘以来,取得了许多重大的成果。尤其中华文明探源工程启动与实施以来,陶寺遗址作为重要中心性城邑给予了重点的聚落布局考察,确定了早中期城址、宫殿区、仓储区、手工业作坊区、中期大型墓地及祭祀区内的观象台基址,取得了许多新发现和新成果,陶寺遗址作为     

早期石磬的形制及起源研究

商代之前是我国石磬的早期发展阶段,晋南地区陶寺遗址是石磬文化的发源地。距今4300年前后的陶寺文化早期出现了具有原始形态的石磬类型,其祖型是适合悬挂、敲击、发声的大型片状石料。到了龙山文化中、晚期,豫西地区出现了新的石磬类型,可能受到了陶寺文化石磬的影响。随后甘、宁地区的齐家文化出现了陶寺文化类型的石磬,燕山以北西辽河流域的夏家店下层文化中,出现了包含陶寺文化与豫西龙山文化石磬类型的因素。我国石磬在商代之前完成了初创、传播与初步融合的文化进程。     

临汾龙山文化陶寺类型聚落群研究

临汾辖区陶寺类型遗址有二百多处,经研究,在龙山文化时期,陶寺类型文化的主人,控制了临汾盆地。从整体看,其聚落群的组合多为金字塔模式,反映了当时社会的表象。其文化特征是完全统一的,反映了人们在统一的礼制规范下进行生产、生活,是同一个族团。陶寺城址是这个庞大族团政治、经济、文化的核心,是这个族团的国都。陶寺古城前期的主人是帝喾,后期的主人是帝尧。     

龙山文化陶寺类型初探

中原龙山文化陶寺类型是以1978年发掘的山西省襄汾县陶寺遗址而命名的。陶寺遗址位于汾河下游断层陷落谷地的临汾盆地东缘。附近地势平缓,水源丰富,古代聚落遗址相当密集。属于陶寺类型的遗存,亦有十余处之多。陶寺遗址分布在陶寺、李庄、中梁、东坡沟四个自然村落之间,总面积达三百多万平方米。由于遗址面积广阔,堆积层次清楚,包含遗迹遗物十分丰富,在同类遗存中具有充分的典型性和代表性,因此,     

山西灵石县静升村明清聚落格局的变迁

聚落格局是历史聚落地理研究较少关注的一个对象。山西灵石县静升村“九沟八堡十八巷”的聚落格局形成历经元末明初各沟巷的初步开发,明中后期至清初的边界拓展与内部扩建,以及清中后期内部格局的充盈及跨河“南侵”三个阶段。这其中地理环境、宗族势力、战乱匪患和国家政策等因素产生了重要影响。静升村的个案研究表明,聚落格局的形成与发展是一个动态变迁的历史过程,而聚落庙宇以及标志性建筑物的创建历史成为考察的重要指标。现今加强乡村聚落格局的研究仍将是中国乡村聚落形态研究继续深入拓展的趋势之一。     

Arc View地理信息系统在中原地区聚落考古研究中的应用

文章以实例的形式详细介绍使用ArcView地理信息系统开展聚落考古研究的具体方法。通过对中原地区仰韶文化晚期以来聚落演变情况的观察 ,尤其是对王湾三期文化聚落形态的分析 ,认为王湾三期文化的聚落形态存在两种不同的基本模式 ,它们之间既构成一个整体又显示出自身由北向南的扩张过程。这些结论初步显示了地理信息系统在聚落考古研究中所能发挥的重要作用     

余杭良渚遗址群聚落形态的初步考察

对余杭良渚遗址群的聚落形态考察已非常迫切,本从遗址分布、类型、规模、年代等方面对遗址群进行了初步的聚落考察。     

陶寺中期墓地被盗墓葬抢救性发掘纪要

2005年3月~6月,陶寺遗址6座中小型墓葬经抢救性发掘,出土了一批陶器、玉石器和一件铜器。经初步研究,其年代为陶寺文化中期。     

山西临汾盆地史前聚落群聚形态研究

在史前,在氏族社会的基础上,聚落会以血缘为纽带近距离相聚在一起并形成一种特定的空间与遗存形态,这种形态就称为“聚落群聚形态”,这种形态实际也是史前社会组织一种物化的反映。     

尉迟寺聚落与聚落群的初步考察

尉迟寺聚落与聚落群的初步考察梁中合（中国社会科学院考古研究所）近年来随着各地区一些较大的新石器时代聚落遗址的发现和发掘,使得聚落形态方面的研究呈现出十分活跃的局面。在理论和实践方面都取得了很大的进展。在理论方面,许多专家、学者进行了深入的研究,严文明...     

改革开放以来江苏考古的新成果与新理念

江苏是新中国成立以来最早开展考古工作的省份之一。改革开放以来,江苏开展了数百项考古发掘工作,取得了一系列重要的考古学成果,重大课题研究也取得突破性进展,并形成了将考古发掘与大遗址保护有机结合的新理念。     

臭氧浓度变化对馆藏银器文物腐蚀变色的影响

博物馆环境中的臭氧作为氧化剂,对文物起到氧化腐蚀的作用,会使馆藏银器文物腐蚀变色。本研究主要采用石英晶体微天平(QCM)反应性监测技术,监测电沉积金属银石英晶振片在不同臭氧浓度、不同相对湿度中的质量变化,从而推测银在臭氧中的腐蚀机理。研究结果表明,臭氧浓度对银的腐蚀具有较大的影响。随着臭氧浓度的升高,银表面质量不断增大,腐蚀程度加剧。银对相对湿度具有较小的敏感性,在不同的相对湿度下,银表面质量变化相差不大。据此推断银在臭氧中的腐蚀首先表现为银与臭氧分解产生的原子氧反应生成氧化银(Ag2O),随着Ag2O膜的不断变厚,氧化膜顶层生成过氧化银(AgO),AgO是由Ag2O与原子氧反应生成。     

“汉江九口”考

明中叶以前 ,汉水下游右岸 (东、北岸 )存在着众多的分流穴口 ,并不止“九口”。这些穴口在明后期大都渐次被堵塞。之后 ,由于洪水时常冲决堤防 ,又出现了数十处决口 ,这些决口旋溃旋塞 ,口下未形成支河     

Feminist geographies in Greece: a personal trajectory between ‘local’ and ‘international’

Abstract

Feminist debates in the context of an active women's/feminist movement found their way into the Greek academy in the second half of the 1970s, initially in history. Urban studies and geography were ‘late-comers’ in these debates which took place in different disciplinary environments where geography courses were taught. The article presents a personal account in and through the development of feminist approaches in urban geography, drawing from my teaching and research experience since 1982 in a department of urban and regional planning. This experience has been accumulated as a hard exercise in navigating through the denial and reluctant consent of various levels of administration, students’ changing acceptance, some women’s valuable active support, in the university and beyond, and other colleagues’ opposition or indifference. In this process, recent and longer-term developments have contributed to form a (continuously negotiated and contested) space for feminism, for tolerance, diversity and difference, in which a ‘we’ has been tortuously formed which speaks across worlds, participates in a plurality of communities, communicates in more than one languages and in a plurality of voices between ‘local’ and ‘international’.     

Reassessing the Developmental and Chronological Relationships of the Formative of Coastal Ecuador

The Ecuadorian Formative was initially interpreted as a result of long-distance diffusion, and migration, more recent research has changed our perception of the Valdivia, Machalilla, and Chorrera culture complexes. In this analysis, these archaeological investigations are reassessed in order to reevaluate our understanding regarding the nature of these prehistoric cultures. Formative chronologies, distributions, interrelationships are reviewed in the light of Pre-Hispanic occupations in El Oro Province. Previous investigations on the Ecuadorian littoral are examined. Results indicate (1) Valdivia and Machalilla are part of the same ceramic tradition and (2) the interrelationships of these complexes to Late Formative Period ceramic sequences are more complex than previously assumed. (3) A major adaptive shift related to an increased dependence upon agriculture occurred during Valdivia VI–VIII, and continued into the Late Formative with the widespread distribution of Chorrera related material culture. (4) Long-distance interaction with the Ecuadorian highlands resulted in the spread of what may be termed a Chorrera horizon and formed the basis of subsequent Andean cosmology where it was symbolically represented according to local and regional artistic canons and over a vast area of Andean South America.     

In the Nature of the Non‐City: Expanded Infrastructural Networks and the Political Ecology of Planetary Urbanisation

This paper proposes extending Urban Political Ecology's (UPE) ideas about the urbanisation of nature in order to include the geographical imprints of expanding, global metabolic flows of matter, energy and capital. It does so through the analysis of Huasco, a small agricultural village in northern Chile that has been overburdened with massive energy undertakings aimed at powering the operations of mines that supply raw materials to international markets. Like the sewage and technological networks that feed the life of cities, the paper argues that Huasco—as a metabolic vehicle of planetary urbanisation—has also been hidden from view, and thus the fetishisation of urban infrastructural networks initially theorised by UPE, has been ratcheted‐up to the global level by the mediating powers of neoliberalising capitalism. Just as the socio‐material arrangements that facilitate the smooth functioning of the modern city and household are riddled with glitches and exclusions, the paper suggests that globally up‐scaled infrastructures reveal even larger contradictions that put into jeopardy the very premises upon which the ongoing commodification of nature is grounded.     

公安部队组建初期组织体系和领导体制的历史考察(1949—1952年)

公安部队是武警部队的前身,是中国人民解放军的一个组成部分。中华人民共和国成立后,为了在全国范围内迅速建立革命秩序,巩固新生政权,在中央军委和公安部的领导下,逐步把地域性的公安武装和中国人民解放军担负公安任务的部队正式改编成“中国人民公安部队”。在军委公安司令部成立后,公安部队又进行了整编,组建了“中国人民解放军公安部队”和地方公安部队,逐渐接替全国内卫任务。随着边防公安组织和边防武装的建立,全国公安部队初步形成了正规公安部队、地方公安部队和边防公安武装的体制。为统一对国家内卫、边防斗争的领导,加强公安部队的建设,1952年,中共中央、中央军委决定将内卫、边防和地方公安武装统一整编为“中国人民解放军公安部队”,全部纳入中国人民解放军的建制序列。内卫、边防工作和公安部队的建设进入了一个新的阶段。     

辛亥革命学术讨论会与辛亥革命史研究

在武汉举办纪念辛亥革命逢十周年学术讨论会,自1961年始,至今已举办4次。十年一度的以纪念为依托的辛亥革命学术讨论会,已形成蜚声海内外的学术品牌,同时也清晰地折射出辛亥革命史研究的发展脉络。半个世纪以来辛亥革命史的学科发展,固然因为辛亥革命这一历史事件本身具有巨大的魅力,但更与这四次辛亥革命学术讨论会有密不可分的关系。由这四次深具典型意义的讨论会管窥学术会议与学科发展之互动关系,或可为学术史的探讨提供一个新的视角。     

《晋纪·总论》的史学价值

干宝《晋纪》已佚,其中二千七百多字的《总论》因历代各种文献引录完整保存至今。创设"总论"这种新的历史评论范式,摆脱《左传》、《史记》就事论事或寓论断于叙事中的历史评论方式,在更宽阔的历史视野下表达史家的历史认识,对后世历史评论的发展产生了深远影响。《总论》对西晋兴亡的历史过程及其缘由也做了深刻的分析和总结,这些历史认识对研究西晋历史发展及其过程提供了有益的启示。《晋纪·总论》在中国史学发展史上有着重要的价值和意义。     

Excavating the Pilbara: A Polanyian Exploration

Taking its cues from the ‘substantivist’ economics of Karl Polanyi, the paper retraces a socio‐economic history of the Pilbara from the pastoral capitalism of the region's initially tenuous colonial settlement to the contemporary regime of extractive capitalism. Spatial fixes have been etched deeply into the landscape of this heterogeneously ‘productive’ region, but crises of social reproduction have remained endemic. Since the nineteenth century, disequilibrium has been the reigning principle, as successive failures of commodification and marketisation have marked a long and non‐linear history of double movements.